Abstract
Total (R TOT) and heterotrophic (R H) respiration were measured in an intensively managed perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grassland. The overall aim of the study was to partition R TOT into R H and autotrophic respiration (R A). This was achieved as follows: (1) analyse the effect of air temperature, soil moisture content and leaf area index on R TOT and the influence of soil temperature and soil moisture content on R H; (2) combine these effects into separate empirical models for R TOT and R H and; (3) use these models to determine temporal trends in R TOT and R H and to assess the relative contribution of R H and R A to R TOT. CO2 fluxes were measured using a vented and thermostatically controlled perspex chamber in conjunction with a portable infrared gas analyser. R TOT was measured in plots with grass and R H in plots with bare soil. R TOT was related to air temperature and R H to soil temperature using exponential relationships. Both R TOT and R H were related to soil moisture content using lognormal relationships. R TOT was related to leaf area index using a linear relationship. These relationships were combined to produce statistical response functions that explained 87% and 84% of the variation in R TOT and R H, respectively. These relationships were combined with meteorological and leaf area index data to reconstruct daily and seasonal fluxes. R TOT values in wintertime were ~4 g C m−2 day−1 increasing to ~10 g C m−2 day−1 in summertime when temperatures and leaf area index were higher and soils were drier. R H has a similar seasonal trend to R TOT but was consistently lower. Wintertime values were ~2 g C m−2 day−1 and increased to ~5 g C m−2 day−1 in summertime. Before day of year 143, and after day of year 259 R H and R A represented 62% and 38% of R TOT, respectively. In the period between these days R H and R A both accounted for 50% of R TOT. In total during 2004 R TOT, R H and R A were 2.34, 1.31 and 1.03 kg C m−2, respectively.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
J M Adams H Faure L Fauredenard J M McGlade F I Woodward (1990) ArticleTitleIncreases in terrestrial carbon storage from the last glacial maximum to the present Nature 348 711–714 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXks12htQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1038/348711a0
J Alm A Talanov S Saarnio J Silvola E Ikkonen H Aaltonen H Nykänen P J Martikainen (1997) ArticleTitleReconstruction of the carbon balance for microsites in a boreal oligotrophic pine fen, Finland Oecologia 110 423–431 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004420050177
J M Anderson (1991) ArticleTitleThe effects of climate change on decomposition in grassland and coniferous forests Ecol. Appl. 1 327–347
S Andersson S I Nilsson (2001) ArticleTitleInfluence of pH and temperature on microbial activity, substrate availability of soil-solution bacteria and leaching of dissolved organic carbon in a mor humus Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 1181–1191 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsV2jsrs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00022-0
Z Barcza L Haszpra H Kondo N Saigusa S Yamamoto J Bartholy (2003) ArticleTitleCarbon exchange of grass in Hungary Tellus 55B 187–196 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktlSiur0%3D
D J Bremer J Ham (2002) ArticleTitleMeasurement and modeling of soil CO2 flux in a temperate grassland under mowed and burned regimes Ecol. Appl. 12 1318–1328
J M Craine D A Wedin (2002) ArticleTitleDeterminants of growing season soil CO2 flux in a Minnesota grassland Biogeochemistry 59 303–313 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkvFehtL4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1016019728665
E A Davidson L V Verchot J H Cattânio I L Ackerman J E M Carvalho (2000) ArticleTitleEffects of soil water content on soil respiration in forests and cattle pastures of eastern Amazonia Biogeochemistry 48 53–69 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitVOjsr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006204113917
S Ellis M T Howe K W T Goulding M A Mugglestone L Dendooven (1998) ArticleTitleCarbon and nitrogen dynamics in a grassland soil with varying pH: Effect of pH on the denitrification potential and dynamics of the reduction enzymes Soil Biol. Biochem. 30 359–367 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhvFWktrY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00122-3
H Eswaran E Berg Particlevan den P Reich (1993) ArticleTitleOrganic carbon in soils of the world Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57 192–194 Occurrence Handle10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700010034x
C Fang J B Moncrieff (2001) ArticleTitleThe dependence of soil CO2 efflux on temperature Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 155–165 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXht1Kmsbk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00125-5
L B Flanagan B G Johnson (2005) ArticleTitleInteracting effects of temperature, soil moisture and plant biomass production on ecosystem respiration in a northern temperate grassland Agr. Forest Meteorol. 130 237–253 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.04.002
L B Flanagan L A Wever P J Carlson (2002) ArticleTitleSeasonal and interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange and carbon balance in a northern temperate grassland Global Change Biol. 8 599–615 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00491.x
J B Gaudinski S E Trumbore E A Davidson S Zheng (2000) ArticleTitleSoil carbon cycling in a temperate forest: Radiocarbon-based estimates of residence times, sequestration rates and partitioning of fluxes Biogeochemistry 51 33–69 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006301010014
C Giardina D Binkley M Ryan J Fownes R Senock (2004) ArticleTitleBelowground carbon cycling in a humid tropical forest decreases with fertilization Oecologia 139 545–550 Occurrence Handle15071736 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00442-004-1552-0
P J Hanson N T Edwards C T Garten J A Andrews (2000) ArticleTitleSeparating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations Biogeochemistry 48 115–146 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitVOjsrg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006244819642
P Hogberg A Nordgren N Buchmann A F S Taylor A Ekblad M N Hogberg G Nyberg M Ottosson-Lofvenius D J Read (2001) ArticleTitleLarge-scale forest girdling shows that current photosynthesis drives soil respiration Nature 411 789–792 Occurrence Handle11459055 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mvgs1OqtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1038/35081058
D M Howard P J A Howard (1993) ArticleTitleRelationships between CO2 evolution, moisture content and temperature for a range of soil types Soil Biol. Biochem. 25 1537–1546 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-0717(93)90008-Y
A F G Jacobs B G Heusinkveld A A M Holtslag (2003) ArticleTitleCarbon dioxide and water vapour flux densities over a grassland area in the Netherlands Int. J. Climatol. 23 1663–1675 Occurrence Handle10.1002/joc.959
Y Kuzyakov W Cheng (2001) ArticleTitlePhotosynthesis controls of rhizosphere respiration and organic matter decomposition Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 1915–1925 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntlOrsLs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00117-1
Y Kuzyakov H Ehrensberger K Stahr (2001) ArticleTitleCarbon partitioning and below-ground translocation by Lolium perenne Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 61–74 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXms1Wmsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00115-2
Y Kuzyakov A Kretzschmar K Stahr (1999) ArticleTitleContribution of Lolium perenne rhizodeposition to carbon turnover of pasture soil Plant and Soil 213 127–136 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotFSis7s%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1004566027237
J N La Scala J J Marques G T Pereira J E Cora (2000) ArticleTitleCarbon dioxide emission related to chemical properties of a tropical bare soil Soil Biol. Biochem. 32 1469–1473 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmsVWgtLg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00053-5
B E Law E Falge L Gu D D Baldocchi P Bakwin P Berbigier K Davis A J Dolman M Falk J D Fuentes (2002) ArticleTitleEnvironmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of terrestrial vegetation Agr. Forest Meteorol. 113 97–120 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00104-1
M C Leiros C Trasar-Cepeda S Seoane F Gil-Sotres (1999) ArticleTitleDependence of mineralization of soil organic matter on temperature and moisture Soil Biol. Biochem. 31 327–335 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVOku7s%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00129-1
J Lloyd J A Taylor (1994) ArticleTitleOn the temperature dependence of soil respiration Funct. Ecol. 8 315–323 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2389824
A Lohila M Aurela K Regina T Laurila (2003) ArticleTitleSoil and total ecosystem respiration in agricultural fields: Effect of soil and crop type Plant and Soil 251 303–317 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXis1Citrk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1023004205844
P C Mielnick W A Dugas (2000) ArticleTitleSoil CO2 flux in a tallgrass prairie Soil Biol. Biochem. 32 221–228 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhsVyhsrs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00150-9
H J Motulsky A Christopoulos (2003) Fitting Models to Biological Data Using Linear and Nonlinear regression. A Practical Guide to Curve Fitting GraphPad Software Inc San Diego CA
J M Norman G S Campbell (1989) Canopy structure R W Pearcy J Ehleringer H A Mooney P W Rundel (Eds) Plant Physiological Ecology Chapman and Hall New York 301–325
K A Novick P C Stoy G G Katul D S Ellsworth M B S Siqueira J Juang R Oren (2004) ArticleTitleCarbon dioxide and water vapour exchange in a warm temperate grassland Oecologia 138 259–274 Occurrence Handle14628214 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2Fhs1GrsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00442-003-1388-z
V A Orchard F J Cook (1983) ArticleTitleRelationship between soil respiration and soil moisture Soil Biol. Biochem. 15 447–453 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-0717(83)90010-X
Y Qi M Xu (2001) ArticleTitleSeparating the effects of moisture and temperature on soil CO2 efflux in a coniferous forest in the Sierra Nevada mountains Plant and Soil 237 15–23 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovVamsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1013368800287
J W Raich C S Potter (1995) ArticleTitleGlobal patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils Global Biogeochem. Cycles 9 23–36 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktFGitL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1029/94GB02723
J W Raich W H Schlesinger (1992) ArticleTitleThe global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate Tellus 44B 81–99 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XksVOgsLY%3D
M Reichstein A Rey A Freibauer J R V Tenhunen J Banza P Casals Y Cheng J M Grünzweig J Irvine R Joffre B E Law D Loustau F Miglietta W Oechel J-M Ourcival J S Pereira A Peressotti F Ponti Y Qi S Rambal M Rayment J Romanya F Rossi V Tedeschi G Tirone M Xu D Y (2003) ArticleTitleModeling temporal and large-scale variability of soil respiration from soil water availability, temperature and vegetation productivity indices Global Biogeochem. Cycles 17 1104, doi:10.1029/2003GB002035 Occurrence Handle10.1029/2003GB002035 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhsFKltLs%3D
S Reth M Göckede E Falge (2005a) ArticleTitleCO2 efflux from agricultural soils in Eastern Germany – comparison of a closed chamber system with eddy covariance measurements Theor. Appl. Climatol. 80 105–120 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00704-004-0094-z
S Reth M Reichstein E Falge (2005b) ArticleTitleThe effect of soil water content, soil temperature, soil pH-value and the root mass on soil CO2 efflux – A modified model Plant and Soil 268 21–33 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1ertr4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s11104-005-0175-5
K E Saxton W J Rawls S J Romberger R I Papendick (1986) ArticleTitleEstimating generalized soil-water characteristics from texture Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50 1031–1036 Occurrence Handle10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000040039x
T M Scanlon G Kiely Q Xie (2004) ArticleTitleA nested catchment approach for defining the hydrological controls on non-point phosphorus transport J. Hydrol. 291 218–231 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsVKgtLc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.036
B K Sitaula L R Bakken G Abrahamsen (1995) ArticleTitleN-fertilization and soil acidification effects on N2O and CO2 emission from temperate pine forest soil Soil Biol. Biochem. 27 1401–1408 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXos1yiu7g%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-0717(95)00078-S
J Skopp M D Jawson J W Doran (1990) ArticleTitleSteady-state aerobic microbial activity as a function of soil water content Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54 1619–1625 Occurrence Handle10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400060018x
Soil Survey Staff 1975 Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. USDA Agricultural Handbook No. 436, Washington DC, USA
S Trumbore (2000) ArticleTitleAge of soil organic matter and soil respiration: Radiocarbon constraints on belowground C dynamics Ecol. Appl. 10 399–411
E-S Tuittila V-M Komulainen H Vasander J Laine (1999) ArticleTitleRestored cut-away peatland as a sink for atmospheric CO2 Oecologia 120 563–574 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004420050891
R White S Murray M Rohweder (2000) Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems (PAGE): Grassland Ecosystems World Resources Institute Washington, DC
L Xu D D Baldocchi (2004) ArticleTitleSeasonal variation in carbon dioxide exchange over a Mediterranean annual grassland in California Agr. Forest Meteorol. 123 79–96 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.10.004
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Byrne, K.A., Kiely, G. Partitioning of Respiration in an Intensively Managed Grassland. Plant Soil 282, 281–289 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-6065-z
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-6065-z