Abstract
We isolated a lesion mimic mutant, n ecrotic s potted l esions 1 (nsl1), from Ds-tagged Arabidopsis thaliana accession No-0. The nsl1 mutant exhibits a growth retardation phenotype and develops spotted necrotic lesions on its rosette and cauline leaves. These phenotypes occur in the absence of pathogens indicating that nsl1 mutants may constitutively express defense responses. Consistent with this idea, nsl1 accumulates high levels of callose and autofluorescent phenolic compounds localized to the necrotic lesions. Furthermore RNA gel blot analysis revealed that genes associated with disease resistance activation are upregulated in the nsl1 mutants and these plants contain elevated levels of salicylic acid (SA). Crossing nsl1 with an SA deficient mutant, eds16-1, revealed that the nsl1 lesions and growth retardation are dependent upon SA. The nsl1 phenotypes are not suppressed under either the rar1-10 or sgt1b-1 genetic background. NSL1 encodes a novel 612aa protein which contains a membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain, which is conserved in bacteria, fungi, mammals and plants. The possible modes of action of NSL1 protein in negative regulation of cell death programs and defense responses are discussed.
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Abbreviations
- Avr:
-
avirulence
- CNGC:
-
cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel
- Ds :
-
Dissociation transposon
- H2O2 :
-
hydrogen peroxide
- HR:
-
hypersensitive response
- LRR:
-
leucine rich repeat
- MACPF:
-
membrane attack complex and perforin
- NahG:
-
salicylate hydroxylase
- MAP kinase:
-
mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NBS:
-
nucleotide binding site
- PCD:
-
programmed cell death
- PCR:
-
polymerase chain reaction
- PR genes:
-
pathogenesis-related genes
- R gene:
-
disease resistance gene
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- SA:
-
salicylic acid
- SAR:
-
systemic acquired resistance
- TIR:
-
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Jane Parker for distribution of Arabidopsis rar1-10 and sgt1b-1 seeds. We also thank Dr. Kiyotaka Okada for the organization of phenome analysis, Ms. Junko Ishida for microarray analysis, Ms. Hiroko Kobayashi for maintaining the green house. This work was supported in part by the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences (BRAIN) and the Special Coordination Fund of the Science and technology Agency to K.Shinozaki. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (No. 14740449 to Y.N.). Y.N. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Special Postdoctoral Researchers’ Program of RIKEN.
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Noutoshi, Y., Kuromori, T., Wada, T. et al. Loss of NECROTIC SPOTTED LESIONS 1 associates with cell death and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana . Plant Mol Biol 62, 29–42 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-006-9001-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-006-9001-6