Abstract
Photoprotection mechanisms protect photosynthetic organisms, especially under stress conditions, against photodamage that may inhibit photosynthesis. We investigated the effects of short-term immersion in hypo- and hypersalinity sea water on the photosynthesis and xanthophyll cycle in Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell. The results indicated that under moderate light [110 μmol(photon) m−2 s−1], the effective quantum yield of PSII was not reduced in S. fusiforme fronds after 1 h in hyposalinity conditions, even in fresh water, but it was significantly affected by extreme hypersalinity treatment (90‰ sea water). Under high light [HL, 800 μmol(photon) m−2 s−1], photoprotective mechanisms operated efficiently in fronds immersed in fresh water as indicated by high reversible nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) and de-epoxidation state; the quantum yield of PSII recovered during the subsequent relaxation period. In contrast, fronds immersed in 90‰ sea water did not withstand HL, barely developed reversible NPQ, and accumulated little antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin during HL, while recovery of the quantum yield of PSII was severely inhibited during the subsequent relaxation period. The data provided concrete evidence supporting the short-term tolerance of S. fusiforme to immersion in fresh water compared to hypersalinity conditions. The potential practical implications of these results were also discussed.
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Abbreviations
- AL:
-
actinic light
- Ax:
-
antheraxanthin
- Chl:
-
chlorophyll
- DEPS:
-
de-epoxidation state
- DTT:
-
dithiothreitol
- F:
-
fluorescence under illumination
- F0 :
-
minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- Fm :
-
maximal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- Fm′:
-
maximal fluorescence yield of the light-adapted state
- Fv/Fm :
-
maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry
- HL:
-
high light
- Ik :
-
light saturation coefficient
- NPQ:
-
nonphotochemical quenching
- rETR:
-
relative electron transport rate
- rETRmax :
-
maximal relative electron transport rate
- RLC:
-
rapid light curve
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- SP:
-
saturation pulse
- Vx:
-
violaxanthin
- Zx:
-
zeaxanthin
- FPSII :
-
effective quantum yield of PSII
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Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, the nonprofit research project for the State Oceanic Administration (201105008-2); supported project (2012BAC07B03); China Strategic Leading Special Science and Technology Academy (XDA11020404); and 863 Project (2012AA100811-5).
Author contributions: G.C. Wang, M.J. Wu, and X.J. Xie conceived and designed the research. X.J. Xie, X.L. Wang, L.D. Lin, and L.W. He conducted the experiments. W.H. Gu, S. Gao, X.F. Yan, and G.H. Pan analyzed data. X.J. Xie and G.C. Wang wrote the manuscript.
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Xie, X.J., Wang, X.L., Lin, L.D. et al. Effects of hypo- and hypersalinity on photosynthetic performance of Sargassum fusiforme (Fucales, Heterokontophyta). Photosynthetica 54, 210–218 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-015-0169-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-015-0169-3