Abstract
The effects of ambient levels of ozone and summer drought were assessed on a poplar clone (Populus maximowiczii Henry X P. × berolinensis Dippel — Oxford clone) in an open top chamber experiment carried out at the Curno facilities (Northern Italy). Chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence parameters (from both modulated and direct fluorescence) were assessed at different hours of the day (predawn, morning, midday, afternoon, and evening), from June to August 2008. This paper compares the results from predawn (PD, before sunrise) and afternoon (AN, in full sunlight) measurements, in order to evaluate the role of high sunlight as a factor influencing responses to ozone stress. Sunlight affected the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (decrease of Fv/Fm) thus indicating photoinhibition. The effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) and the photochemical quenching (qP) were enhanced in the afternoon with respect to the predawn, whereas the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) was reduced. The effect of ozone was detected with fluorescence on well watered plants in the first week of July, before the onset of visible symptoms. As far as Fv/Fm are concerned, the differences between ozone-treated and control plants were statistically significant in the predawn, but not in the afternoon. Ozone exerted only minor effects on drought exposed plants because of the reduced stomatal ozone uptake, but effects on the IP phase of the fluorescence transient were observed also in drought-stressed plants.
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Abbreviations
- ABS:
-
absorption energy flux
- AN:
-
afternoon
- AOT40:
-
accumulated ozone above the threshold of 40 ppb
- CF:
-
charcoal filtered chambers
- D:
-
nonwatered plants (dry)
- DM:
-
dry mass
- ET:
-
energy flux for electron
- F0 :
-
minimal fluorescence of the dark-adapted state
- F0’:
-
minimal fluorescence of the light-adapted state
- Fm :
-
maximal fluorescence of the darkadapted state
- Fm’:
-
maximal fluorescence of the light-adapted state
- FM:
-
fresh mass
- Fv :
-
total variable fluorescence (Fm−F0)
- Fv/Fm (= φPo):
-
maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry in the dark-adapted state
- Fv′/Fm′:
-
PSII maximum efficiency in the light-adapted state
- g s :
-
stomatal conductance to water vapour
- IP phase — [ΔVIP = 1−VI]:
-
indicates the amplitude of the IP phase, i.e. the efficiency of electron transport around the PSI to reduce the final acceptors of the electron transport chain
- J step:
-
[ψEo = 1-VJ], expresses the efficiency with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain from QA − to the intersystem electron acceptors
- K band:
-
relative variable fluorescence at 300 μs
- L band:
-
relative variable fluorescence at 100 μs
- NF:
-
not filtered chambers
- NPQ:
-
nonphotochemical quenching
- OEC:
-
oxygen-evolving complex
- OTC:
-
open top chamber
- PAR:
-
photosynthetically active radiation
- PD:
-
predawn
- PItot :
-
Performance Index total, i.e. the performance index for energy conservation from photons absorbed by PSII to the reduction flux of PSI end acceptors
- P N :
-
net photosynthetic rate
- PSI:
-
photosystem I
- PSII:
-
photosystem II
- qP :
-
photochemical quenching
- R:
-
rainfall
- RC:
-
reaction center
- RE:
-
energy flux for the reduction of end acceptors
- RH:
-
relative humidity
- RWC:
-
relative water content
- SM:
-
satured fresh mass
- T:
-
temperature
- TR:
-
trapping capacity
- Vt :
-
variable fluorescence at time t
- W:
-
well watered plants
- ϕPSII :
-
actual quantum yield of PSII, or PSII operating efficiency
- ψw :
-
water potential
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Acknowledgements: The open-top chamber facilities at Curno, where this work was carried out, have been established and funded from the General Directorate for Environmental Quality of Regione Lombardia in the framework of the programme” Assessment of ozone air pollution on forest vegetation in the transalpine region of Lombardy and Canton Ticino”, with the partnership of the Regional Agency for Services to Agriculture and Forests — E.R.S.A.F. (project coordinator), the Lombardy Foundation for the Environment (F.L.A.) and the Regional Agency for Environment Protection (A.R.P.A.). The authors are grateful to the E.R.S.A.F. personnel for their valuable assistance at the Curno forest nursery.
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Desotgiu, R., Pollastrini, M., Cascio, C. et al. Responses to ozone on Populus “Oxford” clone in an open top chamber experiment assessed before sunrise and in full sunlight. Photosynthetica 51, 267–280 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-012-0074-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-012-0074-y