Abstract
DNA damage checkpoint is one of the surveillance systems to maintain genomic integrity. Checkpoint systems sense the DNA damage and execute cell cycle arrest through inhibiting the activity of cell cycle regulators. This pathway is essential for the maintenance of genome stability and prevention of tumor development. Recent studies have showed that the cellular responses towards DNA damage, such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and apoptosis are well coordinated. Here we describe the molecular mechanisms of checkpoint activation in response to DNA damage and the correlation between checkpoint gene mutation and genomic instability.
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Abbreviations
- Mammals:
-
- ATM:
-
Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated
- ATR:
-
AT and Rad3-related
- NBS:
-
Nimegen breakage syndrome
- ATRIP:
-
ATR-interacting protein
- MRN:
-
Mre11(Meiotic recombination protein)-Rad50(Radiation-sensitive)-Nbs1(Nijmegen breakage syndrome) complex
- Dot1L:
-
Disruptor of telomeric silencing-1 large protein
- Tip60:
-
Tat-interactive protein, 60 kDa
- BRCA1:
-
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1
- 53BP1:
-
p53-binding protein 1
- MDC1:
-
Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1
- Gamma-H2AX:
-
Phosphorylated H2AX
- DNA-PK:
-
DNA-dependent protein kinase
- Set9:
-
su(var), e (z), trithorax domain protein 9
- Crb2:
-
cut5 repeat binding protein 2
- Esa1:
-
Essential SAS2-related acetyltransferase
- NuA4:
-
Nucleosomal acetylation of histone H4
- Ino80:
-
Inositol 1-phosphate synthase 80
- Swr1:
-
Swi2/Snf2-related
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Shimada, M., Nakanishi, M. DNA Damage Checkpoints and Cancer. J Mol Hist 37, 253–260 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-006-9039-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-006-9039-4