Abstract
In citrus, damage produced by salinity is mostly due to toxic ion accumulation, since this salt-sensitive crop adjusts osmotically with high efficiency. In spite of this observation, the putative role of sugars as osmolites under salinity remains unknown. In this work, we have studied carbohydrate contents (total hexoses, sucrose and starch) in leaves and roots of citrus grown under increasing salinity. The experimental system was characterized through the analyses of several parameters known to be strongly affected by salinity in citrus, such as chloride accumulation, photosynthetic rate, ethylene production and leaf abscission. Three-year-old plants of the Clementina de Nules cultivar grafted on Carrizo citrange rootstock were watered with three different levels of salinity (NaCl was added to the watering solutions to achieve final concentrations of 30, 60 and 90 mM). Data indicate that salt stress caused an accumulation of chloride ions in a way proportional to the external increase in NaCl. The adverse conditions reduced CO2 assimilation, increased ethylene production and triggered abscission of the injured leaves. Data also show that salinity induced progressive depletions of carbohydrates in leaves and roots of citrus plants. This observation clearly indicates that sugar accumulation is not a main component of the osmotic adjustment machinery in citrus.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
V. Arbona V. Flors P. García-Agustín J. Jacas A. Gómez-Cadenas (2003) ArticleTitleEnzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses of Carrizo citrangea salt-sensitive citrus rootstock, to different levels of salinity Plant Cell Physiol. 44 388–394 Occurrence Handle10.1093/pcp/pcg059 Occurrence Handle12721379
M.E. Balibrea J. Dellȁ9Amico M.C. Bolarín F. Pérez-Alfocea (2000) ArticleTitleCarbon partitioning and sucrose metabolism in tomato plants growing under salinity Physiol. Plant. 110 503–511 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1399-3054.2000.1100412.x
J. Bañuls M.D. Serna M. Legaz E. Primo-Millo (1997) ArticleTitleGrowth and gas exchange parameters of citrus plants stressed with different salts J. Plant Physiol. 150 194–199
H.D. Chapman (1968) The mineral nutrition of citrus W. Reuther L.D. Batchelor H.D. Webber (Eds) The Citrus Industry, Vol. II University of California OaklandUSA 127–289
J.M. Cheeseman (1988) ArticleTitleMechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants Plant Physiol. 117 547–550
L. Ferguson S.R. Grattan (2005) ArticleTitleHow salinity affects citrus: osmotic effects and specific ion toxicities Horttechnology 15 95–99
E.E. Goldschmidt K.E. Koch (1996) Citrus E. Zamski A.A. Schaffer (Eds) Plants and Crops Dekker New York, USA 797–823
A. Gómez-Cadenas V. Arbona J. Jacas E. Primo-Millo M. Talon (2002) ArticleTitleAbscisic acid reduces leaf abscission and increases salt tolerance in citrus plants J. Plant Growth Regul. 21 234–240 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00344-002-0013-4
A. Gómez-Cadenas F.R. Tadeo M. Talon E. Primo-Millo (1996) ArticleTitleLeaf abscission induced by ethylene in water stressed intact seedlings of Cleopatra mandarin requires previous abscisic acid accumulation in roots Plant Physiol. 112 401–408 Occurrence Handle12226398
A. Gómez-Cadenas F.R. Tadeo E. Primo-Millo M. Talon (1998) ArticleTitleInvolvement of abscisic acid and ethylene in the response of citrus seedlings to salt shock Physiol. Plant 103 475–484 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030405.x
R. Gucci A. Moing E. Gravano J.P. Gaudillere (1998) ArticleTitlePartitioning of photosynthetic carbohydrates in leaves of salt-stressed olive plants Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 25 571–579
D.J. Iglesias I. Lliso F.R. Tadeo M. Talon (2002) ArticleTitleRegulation of photosynthesis through source:sink imbalance in citrus is mediated by carbohydrate content in leaves Physiol. Plant. 116 563–572 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1160416.x
D.J. Iglesias Y. Levy A. Gómez-Cadenas F.R. Tadeo E. Primo-Millo M. Talon (2004) ArticleTitleNitrate improves growth in salt-stressed citrus seedlings through effects on photosynthetic activity and chloride accumulation Tree Physiol. 24 1027–1034 Occurrence Handle15234900
I. Kerepesi G. Galiba E. Bányai (1998) ArticleTitleOsmotic and salt stresses induced differential alteration in water-soluble carbohydrate content in wheat seedlings J. Agric. Food Chem. 46 5347–5354 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jf980455w
J. Lloyd H. Howie (1989a) ArticleTitleResponse of Orchard ȁ8Washington Navelȁ9 OrangeCitrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck to Saline Irrigation water. I Canopy characteristics and seasonal patterns in leaf osmotic potential, carbohydrates and ion concentrations Aust. J. Agric. Res. 40 359–369
J. Lloyd H. Howie (1989b) ArticleTitleResponse of Orchard ȁ8Washington Navelȁ9 OrangeCitrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck to Saline Irrigation water. II. Flowering, fruit set and fruit growth Aust. J. Agric. Res. 40 371–380
E.V. Maas (1993) ArticleTitleSalinity and citriculture Tree Physiol. 12 195–216 Occurrence Handle14969929
M.C. Martínez-Ballesta V. Martínez M. Carvajal (2004) ArticleTitleOsmotic adjustmentwater relations and gas exchange in pepper plants grown under NaCl or KCl Environ. Exp. Bot. 52 161–174 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.01.012
J.L. Moya E. Primo-Millo M. Talon (1999) ArticleTitleMorphological factors determining salt tolerance in citrus seedlings: the shoot to root ratio modulates passive root uptake of chloride ions and their accumulation in leaves Plant Cell Environ. 22 1425–1433 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00495.x
J.L. Moya A. Gómez-Cadenas E. Primo-Millo M. Talón (2003) ArticleTitleChloride absorption in salt-sensitive Carrizo citrange and salt-tolerant Cleopatra mandarin citrus rootstocks is linked to water use J. Exp. Bot. 54 825–833 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jxb/erg064 Occurrence Handle12554725
R. Munns (1993) ArticleTitlePhysiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soils: some dogmas and hypotheses Plant Cell Environ. 16 15–24
R. Munns (2002) ArticleTitleComparative physiology of salt and water stress Plant Cell Environ. 25 239–250 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x Occurrence Handle11841667
G. Rathert (1984) ArticleTitleSucrose and starch content of plant parts as a possible indicator for salt tolerance of crops Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 11 491–495
R. Romero-Aranda J.L. Moya F.R. Tadeo F. Legaz E. Primo-Millo M. Talon (1998) ArticleTitlePhysiological and anatomical disturbances induced by chloride salts in sensitive and tolerant citrus: beneficial and detrimental effects of cations Plant Cell Environ. 21 1243–1253 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00349.x
D. Ruiz V. Martínez A. Cerdá (1997) ArticleTitleCitrus response to salinity: growth and nutrient uptake Tree Physiol. 17 141–150 Occurrence Handle14759868
R. Storey R.R. Walker (1999) ArticleTitleCitrus and salinity Sci. Hort. 78 39–81 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00190-3
N. Sultana T. Ikeda R. Itoh (1999) ArticleTitleEffect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grains Environ. Exp. Bot. 42 211–220 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0098-8472(99)00035-0
R.R. Walker M. Sedgley M.A. Blesing T.J. Douglas (1984) ArticleTitleAnatomy, ultrastructure and assimilate concentrations of roots of citrus genotypes differing in ability for salt exclusion J. Exp. Bot. 35 1481–1494
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arbona, V., Marco, A., Iglesias, D. et al. Carbohydrate Depletion in Roots and Leaves of Salt-Stressed Potted Citrus clementina L.. Plant Growth Regul 46, 153–160 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-7769-z
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-7769-z