Abstract
To compile self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes, a review of 133 commercial cultivars of wide geographical origin was made. The information gathered from own and mainly published work will be useful for both grower's cultivar choice when planting and for breeder's cross design when planning. The almond S genotypes compiled were identified using five different methods: biological (pollination tests in the field and in the laboratory) and molecular (RNases, PCR and sequencing). In most cases, genotypes were assigned after combining more than one technique. Cultivars were classified into three categories: self-incompatible (99), self-compatible (16) and doubtful self-incompatible (18). The database is divided in 9 fields (name, origin, parentage, obtention year (crossing, selection or release), S genotype, technique used, reference, consensus genotype, and cross incompatibility group). A study of the 27 S alleles already identified and their geographical distribution within the cultivated almond is also presented. The study was divided into cultivars of known and unknown parentage and the distribution of S alleles frequencies was uneven among the 133 cultivars. S allele frequencies are related to geographical origin. Some alleles (S 1, S 5, S 7 and S 8) are more frequently observed than the others among cultivars of both known and unknown parentage. In the cultivated almond, the S f allele is only found in the Puglia region, Italy. The S f frequency is three times higher in cultivars released from breeding programmes than in cultivars selected by growers. From the 351 resulting possible genotypes by combination of the 27 S alleles identified only 20 CIG (0-XIX) have been established, which represents a small fraction of the whole genetic diversity of this polymorphic gene in almond.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alonso, J.M., 2004. Efecto de la consanguinidad sobre la expresión y la transmisión de la autocompatibilidad en el almendro (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). Universitat de Lleida. PhD 227 pp.
Asai, W.K., W.C. Micke, D.E. Kester & D. Rough, 1996. The evaluation and selection of current varieties. In: W.C. Micke (Eds.), Almond Production Manual, pp. 52–60. Univ. of California, Davis. p. 289.
Ballester, J., 1998. Localització i anàlisi de caràcters d'interès agronòmic de l'ametller. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. PhD 183 pp.
Batlle, I., J. Ballester, R. Boskovic, M.A. Romero, K.R. Tobutt & F.J. Vargas, 1997. Use of stylar ribonucleases in almond breeding to design crosses and select self-compatible seedlings. FAO-CIHEAM Network on Nuts, Nucis-Newsletter 6: 12–14.
Boskovic, R., K.R. Tobutt, I. Batlle & H. Duval, 1997. Correlation of ribonuclease zymograms and incompatibility genotypes in almond. Euphytica 97: 167–176.
Boskovic, R., K.R. Tobutt, M. Rovira, M.A. Romero, I. Batlle, H. Duval & F. Dicenta, 1998. Inheritance of stylar ribonucleases in two almond progenies and their correlation with self-compatibility. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds. Acta Horticulturae 470: 118–122.
Boskovic, R., K.R. Tobutt, H. Duval, I. Batlle, F. Dicenta & F.J. Vargas, 1999. A stylar ribonuclease assay to detect self-compatible seedlings in almond progenies. Theor Appl Genet 99: 800–810.
Boskovic, R., K.R. Tobutt, I. Batlle, H. Duval, P. Martínez-Gómez & T.M. Gradziel, 2003. Stylar ribonucleases in almond: correlation with and prediction of incompatibility genotypes. Plant Breed 122: 70–76.
Boutard, A., 1999. Détection et transmission allélique des ribonucléases stylaires impliquées dans l'incompatibilité pollinique chez différentes espèces de Prunus. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, p. 56.
Browicz, K. & D. Zohary, 1996. The genus Amygdalus L. (Rosaceae): species relationships, distribution and evolution under domestication. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol 43: 229–247.
Certal, A.C., R.B. Almeida, R. Boskovic, M.M. Oliveira & J.A. Feijo, 2002. Structural and molecular analysis of self-incompatibility in almond (Prunus dulcis). Sex Plant Reproduction 15: 13–20.
Channuntapipat, C., M. Sedgley & G. Collins, 2001. Sequences of cDNAs and genomic DNAs encoding the S1, S7, S8 and Sf alleles from almond, Prunus dulcis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 1115–1122.
Channuntapipat, C., M. Sedgley, I. Batlle, P. Arús & G. Collins, 2002. Sequences of the genomic DNAs encoding the S2, S9, S10 and S23 alleles from almond, Prunus dulcis. J Hort Sci Biotech 77(4): 387–392.
Channuntapipat, C., M. Wirthensohn, S.A. Ramesh, I. Batlle, P. Arús, M. Sedgley & G. Collins, 2003. Identification of incompatibility genotypes in almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) using specific primers based on the introns of the S-alleles. Plant Breed 122: 164–168.
Crossa-Raynaud, P. & C. Grasselly, 1985. Existence de groupes d'interstérilité chez l'amandier. Options Méditerranéennes 1985-I: 43–45.
Duval, H., I. Batlle, R. Boskovic & K.R. Tobbut, 1998. Confirmation of incompatibility alleles in almond cultivars predicted by analysis of stylar ribonucleases. Options Mediteranéennes 33: 25–27.
Duval, H., 1999. ‘Mandaline’, a new French almond variety. FAO-CIHEAM Network on Nuts, Nucis-Newsletter 8: 36.
Egea, L., J.E. García, J. Egea, T. Berenguer, M. Gambín & J.L. Patiño, 1985. Variedades de almendro de la región de Murcia. CEBAS-CSIC. p. 175.
Felipe, A.J., 2000. El almendro. I Material vegetal. Ed. Integrum, Zaragoza, p. 461.
Felipe, A.J. & R. Socías i Company, 1987. ‘Aylés’, ‘Guara’ and ‘Moncayo’ almonds. HortScience 22: 961–962.
García, J.E., F. Dicenta, T. Berenguer & J. Egea, 1996. New self-compatible late flowering almond cultivars obtained in CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia. FAO-CIHEAM Network on Nuts, Nucis-Newsletter 5: 23–24.
García, J.E., F. Dicenta, T. Berenguer & J. Egea, 1998. Nouvelles sélections d'amandier obtenues au CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia. X Colloque GREMPA 33: 213–216.
Gass, T., K.R. Tobutt & A. Zanetto (eds. Compilers), 1996. Report of the Working Group on Prunus. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome.
Godini, A., 1975. Il mandorlo in Puglia: panorama della situazione varietale. Notiziario Ortoflorofrutticolo 6: 11–12.
Gradziel, T.M., 1997. Almond. In: The Brooks and Olmo Register of fruit and nut varieties, 3rd ed., pp. 1–12. ASHS, Virginia.
Gradziel, T.M. & D.E. Kester, 1998. Breeding for self-fertility in California almond cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 470: 109–117.
Grasselly, C., 1972. L'amandier: caractères morphologiques et physiologiques des variétés, modalité de leurs transmissions chez les hybrides de première génération. Université de Bordeaux. PhD 156 pp.
Grasselly, C. & G. Olivier, 1976. Mise en évidence de quelques types autocompatibles parmi les cultivars d'amandier (P. amygdalus Batsch) de la population des Pouilles. Ann. Amélior. Plantes, 26: 107–113.
Grasselly, C. & P. Crossa-Raynaud, 1980. L'Amandier. Techniques agricoles et productions méditerranéennes. p. 446.
Grasselly, C. & H. Duval, 1997. L'amandier. Ed. CTIFL, Paris. p. 179.
Herrero, M., M. Cambra & A.J. Felipe, 1977. Interpolinización de variedades de almendro. An. Nac. Invest. Agrar., Ser. Prod. Veg. 7: 99–103.
Ioerger, T.R., A.G. Clark & T.H. Kao, 1990. Polymorphism at the self-incompatibility locus in Solanaceae predates speciation. Proc. Ntal. Acad. Sci. (USA) 87: 9732–9735.
Kester, D.E. & R.A. Asay, 1975. Almonds. In: J. Janick and J.N. Moore (Eds.), Advances in Fruit Breeding, pp. 387–419. Purdue University Press, Indiana.
Kester, D.E. & T.M. Gradziel, 1996a. Almonds (Prunus). In: J.N. Moore and J. Janick (Eds.), Fruit Breeding. pp. 1–97. Wiley, New York.
Kester, D.E. & T.M. Gradziel, 1996b. Genetic improvements. In: W.C. Micke (Eds.), Almond production manual, pp. 70–75. Publication 3364, University of California.
Kester, D.E., T.M. Gradziel & W.C. Micke, 1994. Identifying pollen incompatibility groups in California almond cultivars. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci 119: 106–109.
López, M., 2004. Mejora de almendro para autocompatibilidad utilizando técnicas biológicas y moleculares. Universitat de Lleida. PhD 270 pp.
López, M., M. Mnejja, M. Rovira, G. Collins, F.J. Vargas, P. Arús & I. Batlle, 2004. Self-incompatibility genotypes in almond re-evaluated by PCR, stylar ribonucleases, sequencing analysis and controlled pollinations. Theor Appl Genet 109: 954–964.
López, M., M. Mnejja, M.A. Romero, F.J. Vargas & I. Batlle, 2005a. Use of Sf specific PCR for early selection of self-compatible seedlings in almond breeding. Optins Méditerranéennes Série A(63): 269–274.
López, M., M.A. Romero, F.J. Vargas, M. Mnejja, P. Arús & I. Batlle, 2005b. ‘Francolí’, a late flowering almond cultivar re-classified as self-compatible. Plant Breeding, 124, 502–506.
Ma, R. & M.M. Oliveira, 2001. Molecular cloning of the self-incompatibility genes S1 and S3 from almond (Prunus dulcis cv. Ferragnès). Sex Plant Reprod 14: 163–167.
Martínez-Gómez, P., M. López, J.M. Alonso, E. Ortega, I. Batlle, R. Socías i Company, F. Dicenta, A.M. Dandekar & T.M. Gradziel, 2003. Identification of self-incompatibility alleles in almond and related Prunus species using PCR. Acta Horticulturae 622: 397–401.
Mnejja, M., M. López, M.A. Romero, F.J. Vargas & I. Batlle, 2002. Cross design for self-compatibility in almond breeding using stylar ribonucleases. Acta Horticulturae 591: 233-238.
Ortega, E., 2002. Mejora genética del almendro: nuevas estrategias para la obtención de variedades autocompatibles. Universidad de Murcia. PhD 212 pp.
Ortega, E. & F. Dicenta, 2003. Inheritance of self-compatibility in almond: breeding strategies to assure self-compatibility in the progeny. Theor Appl Genet 106: 904–911.
Salom, J., 1923. L'Ametller. Escola Superior d'Agricultura. Barcelona. Mancomunitat de Catalunya, p. 79.
Sánchez-Pérez, R., F. Dicenta & P. Martínez-Gómez, 2004. Identification of S-alleles in almond using multiplex PCR. Euphytica 138(3): 263–269.
Socias i Company, R. & A.J. Felipe, 1977. Heritability of self-compatibility in almond. III GREMPA Meeting, Bari (Italia), pp. 181–183.
Tamura, M., K. Ushijima, H. Sassa, H. Hirano, R. Tao, T.M. Gradziel & A.M. Dandekar, 2000. Identification of self-incompatibility genotypes of almond by allele-specific PCR analysis. Theor Appl Genet 101: 344–349.
Tao, R., H. Yamane, H. Sassa, H. Mori, T.M. Gradziel, A.M. Dandekar & A. Sugiura, 1997. Identification of stylar RNases associetad with gametophytic self-incompatibility in almond (Prunus dulcis). Plant Cell Physiology 38: 304–311.
Vargas, F.J. 1975. El almendro en la provincia de Tarragona. Diputación provincial de Tarragona. Fundación servicio agropecuario provincial. p. 165.
Weinbaum, S.A., 1985. Role of natural self-pollination in self-fruitfulness of almond. Sci Hort 27: 295–302.
Zaiger, C.F., 1978. ‘All-in-one’ almond. Plant patent 4304. U.S. Patent Office, Washington, D.C.
Zohary, D. & M. Hopf, 2000. Domestication of plants in the old world. Ed., pp. 185–188. Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
López, M., Vargas, F.J. & Batlle, I. self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes: A review. Euphytica 150, 1–16 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-9009-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-9009-z