Abstract
Nine bacterial artificial chromosomes containing genes linked to the Z chromosome of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) were localized using FISH on synaptonemal complex spreads. Their positions were correlated with those previously reported on the mitotic Z chromosome, showing a linear relationship between positions along the mitotic chromosome and its synaptonemal complex. Distances in cM between the genes were calculated using a cytological map of the crossing-over based on the distribution of MLH1 foci along the ZZ synaptonemal complex (MLH1-cM map). It is shown that physical and genetic distances lack a linear relationship along most of the chromosome length, due to clustering of crossover events around the telomeres. This relationship departs strongly from that observed in the chicken Z chromosome and reflects the existence of different recombination rates and patterns among birds in spite of wide genomic conservation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Anderson LK, Doyle GG, Brigham B, et al. (2003) High-resolution crossover maps for each bivalent of Zea mays using recombination nodules. Genetics 165: 849–865.
Anderson LK, Salameh N, Bass HW, et al. (2004) Integrating genetic linkage maps with pachytene chromosome structure in maize. Genetics 166: 1923–1933.
Backström N, Qvarnstrom A, Gustafsson L, Ellegren H (2006) Levels of linkage disequilibrium in a wild bird population. Biol Lett 2: 435–438.
Backström N, Fagerberg S, Ellegren H (2008) Genomics of natural bird populations: a gene-based set of reference markers evenly spread across the avian genome. Mol Ecol 17: 964–980.
Baker SM, Plug AW, Prolla TA, et al. (1996) Involvement of mouse Mlh1 in DNA mismatch repair and meiotic crossing over. Nat Genet 13: 336–342.
Calderón PL, Pigozzi MI (2006) MLH1-focus mapping in birds shows equal recombination between sexes and diversity of crossover patterns. Chromosome Res 14: 605–612.
Carpenter AT (1975) Electron microscopy of meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster females: II. The recombination nodule—a recombination-associated structure at pachytene? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72: 3186–3189.
Chang SB, Anderson LK, Sherman JD, Royer SM, Stack SM (2007) Predicting and testing physical locations of genetically mapped loci on tomato pachytene chromosome 1. Genetics 176: 2131–2138.
Dawson DA, Akesson M, Burke T, Pemberton JM, Slate J, Hansson B (2007) Gene order and recombination rate in homologous chromosome regions of the chicken and a passerine bird. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1537–1552.
Derjusheva S, Kurganova A, Habermann F, Gaginskaya E (2004) High chromosome conservation detected by comparative chromosome painting in chicken, pigeon and passerine birds. Chromosome Res 12: 715–723.
Ellegren H (2005) The avian genome uncovered. Trends Ecol Evol 20: 180–186.
Froenicke L, Anderson LK, Wienberg J, Ashley T (2002) Male mouse recombination maps for each autosome identified by chromosome painting. Am J Hum Genet 71: 1353–1368.
Gregory TR, Nicol JA, Tamm H, et al. (2007) Eukaryotic genome size databases. Nucleic Acids Res 35: 332–338.
Hernandez-Hernandez A, Rincon-Arano H, et al. (2008) Differential distribution and association of repeat DNA sequences in the lateral element of the synaptonemal complex in rat spermatocytes. Chromosoma 117: 77–87.
Itoh Y, Arnold AP (2005) Chromosomal polymorphism and comparative painting analysis in the zebra finch. Chromosome Res 13: 47–56.
Itoh Y, Kampf K, Arnold AP (2006) Comparison of the chicken and zebra finch Z chromosomes shows evolutionary rearrangements. Chromosome Res 14: 805–815.
Lawrence CJ, Seigfried TE, Bass HW, Anderson LK (2006) Predicting chromosomal locations of genetically mapped loci in maize using the Morgan2McClintock Translator. Genetics 172: 2007–2009.
Marcon E, Moens P (2003) MLH1p and MLH3p Localize to precociously induced chiasmata of okadaic-acid-treated mouse spermatocytes. Genetics 165: 2283–2287.
Moens PB, Kolas NK, Tarsounas M, Marcon E, Cohen PE, Spyropoulos B (2002) The time course and chromosomal localization of recombination-related proteins at meiosis in the mouse are compatible with models that can resolve the early DNA-DNA interactions without reciprocal recombination. J Cell Sci 115: 1611–1622.
Organ CL, Shedlock AM, Meade A, Pagel M, Edwards SV (2007) Origin of avian genome size and structure in non-avian dinosaurs. Nature 446: 180–184.
Peters AH, Plug AW, van Vugt MJ, de Boer P (1997) A drying-down technique for the spreading of mammalian meiocytes from the male and female germline. Chromosome Res 5: 66–68.
Peterson DG, Lapitan NL, Stack SM (1999) Localization of single- and low-copy sequences on tomato synaptonemal complex spreads using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Genetics 152: 427–439.
Pigozzi MI (2001) Distribution of MLH1 foci on the synaptonemal complexes of chicken oocytes. Cytogenet Cell Genet 95: 129–133.
Pigozzi MI (2007) Localization of single-copy sequences on chicken synaptonemal complex spreads using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Cytogenet Genome Res 119: 105–112.
Pigozzi MI, Solari AJ (1998) Germ cell restriction and regular transmission of an accessory chromosome that mimics a sex body in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. Chromosome Res 6: 105–113.
Pigozzi MI, Solari AJ (1999a) Recombination nodule mapping and chiasma distribution in spermatocytes of the pigeon, Columba livia. Genome 42: 308–314.
Pigozzi MI, Solari AJ (1999b) Equal frequencies of recombination nodules in both sexes of the pigeon suggest a basic difference with eutherian mammals. Genome 42: 315–321.
Pigozzi MI, Solari AJ (2005) The germ-line-restricted chromosome in the zebra finch: recombination in females and elimination in males. Chromosoma 114: 403–409.
Rahn MI, Solari AJ (1986) Recombination nodules in the oocytes of the chicken, Gallus domesticus. Cytogenet Cell Genet 43: 187–193.
Reeves A (2001) MicroMeasure: a new computer program for the collection and analysis of cytogenetic data. Genome 44: 439–443.
Schmid M, Nanda I, Hoehn H, et al. (2005) Second report on chicken genes and chromosomes 2005. Cytogenet Genome Res 109: 415–479.
Sherman JD, Stack SM (1995) Two-dimensional spreads of synaptonemal complexes from solanaceous plants. VI. High-resolution recombination nodule map for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Genetics 141: 683–708.
Solari AJ (1980) Synaptosomal complexes and associated structures in microspread human spermatocytes. Chromosoma 81: 315–337.
Stack SM (1984) Heterochromatin, the synaptonemal complex and crossing over. J Cell Sci 71: 159–176.
Stapley J, Birkhead TR, Burke T, Slate J (2008) A linkage map of the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata provides new insights into avian genome evolution. Genetics 179: 651–667.
Sun F, Oliver-Bonet M, Liehr T, et al. (2004) Human male recombination maps for individual chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet 74: 521–531.
Wahlberg P, Stromstedt L, Tordoir X, et al. (2007) A high-resolution linkage map for the Z chromosome in chicken reveals hot spots for recombination. Cytogenet Genome Res 117: 22–29.
Zickler D, Kleckner N (1999) Meiotic chromosomes: integrating structure and function. Annu Rev Genet 33: 603–754.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pigozzi, M.I. Relationship between physical and genetic distances along the zebra finch Z chromosome. Chromosome Res 16, 839–849 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-008-1243-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-008-1243-5