Abstract
This research proposes a new extended optimization method for a miniature light emitting diode (LED) pocket-sized projection display, introducing integration of the Taguchi method and principal component analysis in order to optimize the multiple quality characteristics of an LED pocket-sized projection display. With the aid of interactive optimization, control factors with three different levels are carefully selected in the complicated preliminary experiments. A set of optimal design parameters is well selected for best results on the combined effects of the total luminous flux, illumination uniformity, and the packing size of the system. The selected control factors are inclusive of major lens and system specifications, such as lens overall length, X-CUB semi-aperture, length of light integrator, width of integrator, total internal reflection (TIR) prism entering semi-diameter for the TIR prism, air-gap of the TIR prism, and digital micromirror device (DMD) position; an L18 orthogonal array is applied and implemented in the experiments. According to experimental results, the optimal design parameters for the projection display can be determined as A1 (lens specifications: type I), B3 (lens length: overall length), C1 (X-CUB semi-aperture: 8 mm), D3 (integrator length: 36.6 mm), E2 (integrator width: 3.5 mm), F2 (TIR prism entering semi-diameter: 11 mm), G1 (TIR prism air-gap: 1.0024 mm), and H1 (DMD location: −0:5 mm). In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also employed to identify the factor A (lens specifications), factor D (integrator length), factor F (TIR prism entering semi-diameter), and factor G (TIR prism air-gap) as key parameters, which account for 71.82% of the total variance. The other factors when compared are found to have relatively weaker impacts on the process design. Furthermore, a confirmation experiment of the optimal design parameters shows that the aforesaid multiple performance characteristics are optimized to achieve the best levels. It is concluded that Taguchi method and principal component analysis (PCA) combine to optimize and then minimize the LED pocket-sized projection display system, which not only yields a sufficient understanding of the effects of control factors, but also produces an optimized design to ensure that the LED pocket-sized projection display system exhibits the best multiple performance characteristics.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
M. Keuper, G. Harbers, and S. Paolini: SID Microdisplay Dig. Pap., Westminster, Colorado, 2003.
H. Kanayama, M. Maeda, T. Miwa, T. Ikeda, H. Murata, and K. Chihara: Consumer Electronics, ICCE Dig. Tech. Pap., 2006, p. 127.
T. Annen, W. Matusik, H. Pfister, H. P. Seidel, and M. Zwicker: Proc. XIII SPIE Conf. Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems, 2006, p. 231.
J. Konrad and K. Agniel: IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15 (2006) 128.
M. Keuper, G. Harbers, and S. Paolini: Proc. IDW, 2002, p. 5-1–504.
P. Beardsley, C. Forlines, R. Raskar, and J. Van Baar: IEEE Computer Society Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2005, Vol. 3, p. 112.
M. Keuper, G. Harbers, and S. Paolini: SID Microdisplay Dig. Pap., Westminster, Colorado, 2002.
M. H. Keuper, S. Paolini, G. Harbers, and P. Tsang: SID Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 34 (2003) 713.
H. Edwards and S. Matthew: Projection Displays (Wiley, New York, 1999) 2nd ed., p. 71.
Y. Wu and A. Wu: Taguchi Methods for Robust Design (ASME Press, New York, 2000) 1st ed., p. 125.
A. Alsaran, A. Celik, and C. Celik: Surf. Coat. Technol. 106 (2002) 219.
L. J. Yang: J. Mater. Process. Technol. 113 (2001) 521.
E. A. Elsayed and A. Chen: Int. J. Prod. Res. 31 (1993) 1117.
L. I. Tong, C. T. Su, and C. H. Wang: Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Manage. 14 (1997) 367.
R. K. Tomita, S. W. Park, and O. Sotomayor: Chem. Eng. J. 90 (2002) 283.
L. Yoder: Texas Instruments, 2002, http://www.dlp.com
Y. C. Fang, W. T. Lin, and H. L. Tsai: Proc. SPIE 6342 (2006) 63420Z.
Lumileds: Secondary Optics Design Considerations for Super-Flux LEDs, 2002.
Lumileds: Power light source Luxeon™ III Emitter, 2003.
Lumileds: Power light source Luxeon™ Emitter, 2006.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fang, YC., Tzeng, YF. & Li, SX. Multi-objective design and extended optimization for developing a miniature light emitting diode pocket-sized projection display. OPT REV 15, 241–250 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-008-0038-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-008-0038-4