Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Riccabona M, Lindbichler F, Sinzig M (2002) Conventional imaging in paediatric uroradiology. Eur J Radiol 43:100–109
Riccabona M (2002) Potential of modern sonographic techniques in paediatric uroradiology. Eur J Radiol 43:110–121
Riccabona M, Avni FE, Blickman JG et al (2008) Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology: minutes of the ESPR workgroup session on urinary tract infection, fetal hydronephrosis, urinary tract ultrasonography and voiding cysto-urethrography: ESPR-Meeting, Barcelona/Spain, June 2007. ESUR Paediatric guideline subcommittee and ESPR paediatric uroradiology work group. Pediatr Radiol 38:138–145
Riccabona M, Fotter R (2004) Reorientation and future trends in paediatric uroradiology: minutes of a symposium. Pediatr Radiol 34:295–301
Riccabona M, Sorantin E, Fotter R (1998) Application of functional m-mode sonography in pediatric patients. Eur Radiol 8:1457–1461
Bartram U, Darge K (2005) Harmonic versus conventional ultrasound imaging of the urinary tract in children. Pediatr Radiol 35:655–660
Darge K, Moeller RT, Trusen A et al (2005) Diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux with low-dose contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound imaging. Pediatr Radiol 35:73–78
Berrocal T, Gaya F, Arjonilla A et al (2001) Vesicoureteral reflux: diagnosis and grading with echoenhanced cystosonography versus voiding cystourethrography. Radiology 221:359–365
Bosio M (1998) Cystosonography with echocontrast: a new imaging modality to detect vesico-ureteric reflux in children. Pediatr Radiol 28:250–255
Darge K, Tröger J, Duetting T et al (1999) Reflux in young patients: comparison of voiding US of the bladder and the retrovesical space with echo enhancement versus voiding cystourethrography for diagnosis. Radiology 210:201–207
Darge K, Zieger B, Rohrschneider W et al (2001) Contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric patients. AJR 177:1411–1415
Kenda RB, Novljan G, Kenig A et al (2000) Echo-enhanced ultrasound voiding cystography in children: a new approach. Pediatr Nephrol 14:297–300
Riccabona M (2002) Cystography in infants and children—a critical appraisal of the many forms, with special regard to voiding cystourethrography. Eur Radiol 12:2910–2918
Riccabona M, Fotter R (2008) Reflux, vesicoureteral, childhood. In: Baert AL (ed) Encyclopedia of diagnostic imaging, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 1607–1610
Riccabona M, Mache CJ, Lindbichler F (2003) Echo-enhanced color Doppler cystosonography of vesico-ureteral reflux in children: improvement by stimulated acoustic emission. Acta Radiol 44:18–23
Geley TE, Gassner I (2008) Lower urinary tract anomalies of urogenital sinus and female genital anomalies. In: Fotter R (ed) Pediatric uroradiology, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 137–163
Riccabona M, Uggowitzer M, Klein E et al (2000) Contrast enhanced color Doppler sonography in children and adolescents. J Ultrasound Med 19:778–783
Darge K, Heidemeier A (2006) US diagnosis of urinary tract calculi in children using the “twinkling sign”. Ultrasound 14:167–173
Riccabona M, Fotter R (2008) Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in childhood. In: Baert AL (ed) Encyclopedia of diagnostic imaging, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 2329–1332
Riccabona M (2006) Modern pediatric ultrasound: potential applications and clinical significance. A review. Clin Imaging 30:77–86
Riccabona M (2006) Imaging the neonatal genito-urinary tract. Eur J Radiol 60:187–198
Riccabona M (2007) Lower urinary tract—the ureter and vesicoureteral reflux. In: Slovis TL (ed) Caffey’s pediatric diagnostic imaging, vol 2, part 13, 11th edn. Mosby-Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 2315–2355
Gordon I, Riccabona M (2003) Investigating the newborn kidney—update on imaging techniques. Semin Neonatol 8:269–278
Riccabona M (2006) (Acute) renal failure in neonates, infants, and children—the role of ultrasound, with respect to other imaging options. Ultrasound Clin 1:457–469
Riccabona M, Ring E, Fueger G et al (1996) Doppler sonography in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Eur J Ultrasound 3:205–209
Riccabona M, Ring E, Fueger G et al (1993) Doppler sonography in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction and congenital multicystic kidney disease. Pediatr Radiol 23:502–505
Riccabona M, Schwinger W, Ring E (1998) Arteriovenous fistula after renal biopsy in children. J Ultrasound Med 17:505–508
Riccabona M, Fotter R (2006) Radiographic studies in children with kidney disorders: what to do and when. In: Hogg R (ed) Kidney disorders in children and adolescents. Taylor and Francis, Birmingham, pp 15–34
Riccabona M, Schwinger W, Ring E et al (2001) Amplitude-coded color Doppler sonography in pediatric renal disease. Eur Radiol 11:861–866
Riccabona M, Fotter R (2004) Urinary tract infection in infants and children: an update with special regard to the changing role of reflux. Eur Radiol 14:L78–L88
Riccabona M, Fritz GA, Schollnast H et al (2005) Hydronephrotic kidney: pediatric three-dimensional US for relative renal size assessment—initial experience. Radiology 236:276–283
Riccabona M (2005) Pediatric three-dimensional ultrasound: basics and potential clinical value. Clin Imaging 29:1–5
Riccabona M, Fritz G, Ring E (2003) Potential applications of three-dimensional ultrasound in the pediatric urinary tract: pictorial demonstration based on preliminary results. Eur Radiol 13:2680–2687
Dahia N (2006) Virtual cystoscopy using 3D ultrasound in evaluation of urinary bladder lesions. J Ultrasound Med 25:S82
Riccabona M, Pilhatsch A, Haberlik A et al (2008) Three-dimensional ultrasound based virtual cystoscopy of the pediatric urinary bladder: a preliminary report on feasibility and potential value. J Ultrasound Med 27:1453–1459
Good CD, Vinnicombe SJ, Minty IL et al (1993) Posterior urethral valves in male infants and newborns: detection with US of the urethra before and during voiding. Radiology 198:387–391
Riccabona M (2004) Interventional uroradiology in paediatrics: a potpourri of diagnostic and therapeutic options. Minerva Pediatr 56:497–505
Schöllnast H, Lindbichler F, Riccabona M (2004) Ultrasound (US) of the urethra in infants: comparison US versus VCUG. J Ultrasound Med 23:769–776
Teele RL, Share JC (1997) Transperineal sonography in children. AJR 168:1263–1267
Fernbach SK, Feinstein KA, Schmidt MB (2000) Pediatric voiding cystourethrography: a pictorial guide. Radiographics 20:155–168
Lebowitz RL, Olbing H, Parkkulainen KV et al (1985) International Reflux Study in children: international system of radiographic grading of vesico-ureteral reflux. Pediatr Radiol 15:105–109
Fotter R (1996) Neurogenic bladder in infants and children—a challenge for the radiologist. Abdom Imaging 21:534–540
Fotter R, Kopp W, Klein E et al (1986) Unstable bladder in children: functional evaluation by modified VCUG. Radiology 161:811–813
Gelfand MJ, Koch BL, Elgazzar AH et al (1999) Cyclic cystography: diagnostic yield in selected pediatric populations. Radiology 213:118–120
Paltiel H, Rupich R, Kiruluta G (1992) Enhanced detection of VUR in infants and children with use of cycling VCUG. Radiology 184:753–755
Leibovic SJ, Lebowitz RL (1980) Reducing patient dose in voiding cystourethrography. Urol Radiol 2:103–107
Darge K, Ghods S, Zieger B et al (2001) Reduction in voiding cysto-urethrographies after introduction of contrast enhanced sonographic reflux diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol 31:790–795
Gordon I (2001) Diagnostic procedures: nuclear medicine. In: Fotter R (ed) Pediatric uroradiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 27–40
Piepsz A (2002) Radionuclide studies in paediatric nephro-urology. Eur J Radiol 43:146–153
Piepz A, Ham HR (2006) Pediatric applications of renal nuclear medicine. Semin Nucl Med 36:16–35
Akay H, Akpinar E, Ergun O et al (2006) Unenhanced multi-detector. CT evaluation of urinary stones and secondary signs in pediatric patients. Diagn Interv Radiol 12:147–150
Maudgil DD, McHugh K (2002) The role of computed tomography in modern paediatric uroradiology. Eur J Radiol 43:129–138
Smergel E, Greenerg BS, Crisci KL et al (2001) CT-urograms in pediatric patients with ureteral calculi: do adult criteria work? Pediatr Radiol 31:720–723
Avni F, Bali MA, Regnault M et al (2002) MR Urography in children. Eur J Radiol 43:154–166
Bilal MM, Brown JJ (1997) MR imaging of renal and adrenal masses in children. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 5:179–197
Borthne A, Nordshus T, Reiseter T et al (1999) MR urography: the future gold standard in pediatric urogenital imaging? Pediatr Radiol 29:694–701
Borthne A, Pierre-Jerome C, Nordshus T et al (2000) MR urography in children: current status and future development. Eur Radiol 10:503–511
Gylys-Morin VM, Minevich E, Tackett LD et al (2000) Magnetic resonance imaging of the dysplastic renal moiety and ectopic ureter. J Urol 164:2034–2039
Lonergan GJ, Pennington DJ, Morrison JC et al (1998) Childhood pyelonephritis: comparison of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging and renal cortical scintigraphy for diagnosis. Radiology 207:377–384
Nolte-Ernsting CC, Bücker A, Adam GB et al (1998) Gd-enhanced MR urography after low dose diuretic injection: comparison with conventional excretory urography. Radiology 209:147–157
Riccabona M, Simbrunner J, Ring E et al (2002) Feasibility of MR-urography in neonates and infants with abnormalities of the upper urinary tract. Eur Radiol 12:1442–1450
Rohrschneider WK, Hoffend J, Becker K et al (2000) Combined static-dynamic MR urography for the simultaneous evaluation of morphology and function in urinary tract obstruction. I. Evaluation of the normal status in an animal model. Pediatr Radiol 30:511–522
Rohrschneider WK, Becker K, Hoffend J et al (2000) Combined static-dynamic MR urography for the simultaneous evaluation of morphology and function in urinary tract obstruction. II. Findings in experimentally induced ureteric stenosis. Pediatr Radiol 30:523–532
Clader AD, Hiorns MP, Abbyankar A et al (2007) Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of crossing vessels in children with symptomatic ureteropelvic junction obstruction: comparison with operative findings. Pediatr Radiol 37:356–361
Avni EF, Matos C, Rypens F et al (1997) Ectopic vaginal insertion of an upper pole ureter: demonstration by special sequences of MR imaging. J Urol 158:1931–1932
Avni FE, Nicaise N, Hall M et al (2001) The role of MR imaging for the assessment of complicated duplex kidneys in children: preliminary report. Pediatr Radiol 31:215–223
Grattan-Smith D (ed) (2008) MR urography in children. Pediatr Radiol 38:Suppl 1
Jones RA, Easley K, Little SB et al (2005) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography in the evaluation of pediatric hydronephrosis: part 1, functional assessment. AJR 185:1598–1607
McDaniel BB, Jones RA, Scherz H (2005) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography in the evaluation of pediatric hydronephrosis: part 2, anatomic and functional assessment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. AJR 185:1608–1614
Riccabona M (2004) Pediatric MRU—its potential and its role in the diagnostic work-up of upper urinary tract dilatation in infants and children. World J Urol 22:79–87
Riccabona M, Riccabona M, Koen M et al (2004) Magnetic resonance urography: a new gold standard for the evaluation of solitary kidneys and renal buds? J Urol 171:1642–1646
Riccabona M, Ruppert-Kohlmayr A, Ring E et al (2004) Potential impact of pediatric MR urography on the imaging algorithm in patients with a functional single kidney. AJR 183:795–800
Riccabona M (2008) Potential of MR-Imaging in the paediatric abdomen. Eur J Radiol 68:235–244
Rohrschneider WK, Haufe S, Clorius JH et al (2003) MR to assess renal function in children. Eur Radiol 13:1033–1045
Rohrschneider WK, Haufe S, Wiesel M et al (2002) Functional and morphologic evaluation of congenital urinary tract dilatation by using combined static-dynamic MR urography: findings in kidneys with a single collecting system. Radiology 224:683–694
Sigmund G, Stöver B, Zimmerhackl LB et al (1991) RARE MR-urography in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract abnormalities in children. Pediatr Radiol 21:416–420
Grattan-Smith JD, Perez-Bayfield MR, Jones RA et al (2003) MR imaging of kidneys: functional evaluation using F-15 perfusion imaging. Pediatr Radiol 33:293–304
Hackstein N, Heckrodt J, Rau WS (2003) Measurement of single-kidney glomerular filtration rate using a contrast-enhanced dynamic gradient-echo sequence and the Rutland-Patlak plot technique. J Magn Reson Imaging 18:714–725
Jones RA, Perez-Brayfield MR, Kirsch AJ et al (2004) Renal transit time with MR urography in children. Radiology 233:41–50
Avni F, Riccabona M (2009) MR imaging of the paediatric abdomen. In: Gourtsoyiannis N (ed) Clinical MRI of the abdomen: why, how, when. Springer, Berlin
Grattan-Smith DJ (2008) MR urography: anatomy and physiology. Pediatr Radiol 38 Suppl 2:S275–S280
Little SB, Jones RA, Grattan-Smith JD (2008) Evaluation of UPJ obstruction before and after pyeloplasty using MR urography. Pediatr Radiol 38(Suppl 1):S106–S124
Kirsch AJ, McMann LP, Jones RA et al (2006) Magnetic resonance urography for evaluating outcomes after pediatric pyeloplasty. J Urol 176:1755–1761
Riccabona M, Fotter R (2008) Cystic disease, renal, childhood. In: Baert AL (ed) Encyclopedia of diagnostic imaging, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, pp 581–586
Kavanagh EC, Ryan S, Awan A et al (2005) Can MRI replace DMSA in the detection of renal parenchymal defects in children with urinary tract infections? Pediatr Radiol 35:275–281
Riccabona M (2003) Imaging of renal tumours in infancy and childhood. Eur Radiol 13S:L116–129
Coley BD, Hogan MJ (2006) Image-guided interventions in neonates. Eur J Radiol 60:208–220
Riccabona M, Sorantin E, Hausegger K (2002) Imaging guided interventional procedures in paediatric uroradiology—a case based overview. Eur J Radiol 43:167–179
Towbin R, Kuhn C, Cahill AM (2001) Pediatric genitourinary intervention. In: Fotter R (ed) Pediatric uroradiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 377–394
Fernbach SK, Maizels M, Conway JJ (1993) Ultrasound grading of hydronephrosis: introduction to the system used by the Society for Fetal Urology. Pediatr-Radiol 23:478–480
Riccabona M, Avni FE, Blickman JG et al (2009) Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology, part II: urolithiasis and haematuria in children, paediatric obstructive uropathy, and postnatal work-up of fetally diagnosed high-grade hydronephrosis. Minutes of a mini-symposium at ESPR annual meeting, Edinburgh, June 2009. Pediatr Radiol, in press
Ek S, Lidefeldt KJ, Varrico L (2007) Fetal hydronephrosis: prevalence, natural history and postnatal consequences in an unselected population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 86:1463–1466
Estrada CR Jr (2008) Prenatal hydronephrosis: early evaluation. Curr Opin Urol 18:401–403
Lee RS, Cendron M, Kinnamon DD et al (2006) Antenatal hydronephrosis as a predictor of postnatal outcome: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 118:568–593
Piepz A (2007) Antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis. Semin Nucl Med 37:249–260
Shokeir AA, Nijman RJ (2000) Antenatal hydronephrosis: changing concepts in diagnosis and subsequent management. BJU Int 85:987–994
Thomas DF (2008) Prenatally diagnosed urinary tract abnormalities: long term outcome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 13:189–195
Wollenberg A, Neuhaus TJ, Willi UV et al (2005) Outcome of fetal renal pelvic dilatation diagnosed during the third trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25:483–488
Brader P, Riccabona M, Schwarz T et al (2008) Value of comprehensive renal ultrasound in children with acute urinary tract infection for assessment of renal involvement: comparison with DMSA scintigraphy and clinical diagnosis. Eur Radiol 18:2981–2989
Alton DJ, LeQuesne GW, Gent R et al (1992) Sonographically demonstrated thickening of the renal pelvis in children. Pediatr Radiol 22:426–429
Sorantin E, Fotter R, Aigner R et al (1997) The sonographically thickened wall of the upper urinary tract: correlation with other imaging methods. Pediatr Radiol 27:667–671
Dacher JN, Pfister C, Monroc M et al (1996) Power Doppler sonographic pattern of acute pyelonephritis in children: comparison with CT. AJR 166:1451–1455
Blickman J, Taylor G, Lebowitz R (1985) Voiding cystourethrography: the initial study in children with UTI. Radiology 156:659–662
Gordon I (2001) Diuretic renography in infants with prenatal unilateral hydronephrosis: an explanation for the controversy about poor drainage. BJU Int 87:551–555
Chertin B, Pollack A, Koulikov D et al (2006) Conservative treatment of UPJ obstruction in children with antenatal diagnosis of hydronephrosis: lessons learned after 16 years of follow up. Eur Urol 49:734–738
Ozcan Z, Anderson PJ, Gordon I (2002) Assessment of regional kidney function may provide new clinical understanding and assist in treatment of children with prenatal hydronephrosis. J Urol 168:2153–2157
Grattan-Smith JD, Little SB, Jones RA (2008) MR urography evaluation of obstructive uropathy. Pediatr Radiol 38(Suppl 1):549–569
Perez-Brayfield MR, Kirsch AJ, Jones RA et al (2003) A prospective study comparing ultrasound, nuclear scintigraphy and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of hydronephrosis. J Urol 170:1330–1334
Riccabona M, Fotter R (2008) Congenital malformations, genitourinary tract, including ureter and urethra, childhood. In: Baert AL (ed) Encyclopedia of diagnostic imaging, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, pp 463–466
Nolte-Ernsting CC, Straty G, Tacke J et al (2003) MR urography today. Abdom Imaging 28:191–209
Boss A, Schaefer JF, Martijosian P et al (2006) Contrast enhanced dynamic MR nephrograpy using the turboflash navigator gating the technique in children. Eur Radiol 16:1509–1518
Grattan-Smith JD, Little SB, Jones RA (2008) MR urography in children: how we do it. Pediatr Radiol 38(Suppl 1):S3–S17
Orazi C, Lucchetti MC, Schingo PM et al (2007) Herlyn-Werber-Wunderlich syndrome: uterus didelphis, blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Sonographic and MR findings in 11 cases. Pediatr Radiol 37:657–665
Bergstein J, Leiser J, Andreoli S (2005) The clinical significance of asymptomatic gross and microscopic hematuria in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 159:353–355
Feld LG, Meyers KE, Kaplan BS et al (1998) Limited evaluation of microscopic hematuria in pediatrics. Pediatrics 102:e42
Greenfield SP, Williot P, Kaplan D (2007) Gross hematuria in children: a ten-year review. Urology 69:166–169
Mc Arville MB, Hoffer FA, Gingrich JR et al (2000) Imaging findings of hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric oncology. Ped Radiol 30:131–138
Young T, Trachtman H, Gauthier B (2006) Clinical spectrum of gross hematuria in pediatric patients. Clin Pediatr 45:135–141
Stojanovic VD, Milosevic BO, Djapic MB et al (2007) Idiopatic hypercalciuria associated with urinary tract infection in children. Pediatr Nephrol 22:1291–1295
Kraus SJ, Lebowitz RL, Royal SA (1999) Renal calculi in children: imaging features that led to diagnoses: a pictorial essay. Pediatr Radiol 29:624–630
Shine S (2008) Urinary calculus: IVU vs. CT renal stone? A critically appraised topic. Abdom Imaging 33:41–43
Strouse PJ, Bates DG, Bloom DA et al (2002) Non-contrast thin-section helical CT of urinary tract calculi in children. Pediatr Radiol 32:326–332
Brown SL, Haas C, Kurt HD et al (2001) Radiologic evaluation of pediatric blunt renal trauma in patients with microscopic hematuria. World J Surg 25:1557–1560
Agrons GA, Wagner BJ, Davidson AJ et al (1995) Multilocular cystic renal tumor in children: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 15:653–669
Bolande RP, Brough AJ, Izant RJ (1967) Congenital mesoblastic nephroma of infancy. A report of eight cases and the relationship to Wilms’ tumor. Pediatrics 40:272–278
Geller E, Smergel EM, Lowry PA (1997) Renal neoplasms of childhood. Radiol Clin North Am 35:1391–1413
Ritchey ML, Azizkhan RG, Beckwith JB et al (1995) Neonatal Wilms tumor. J Pediatr Surg 30:856–859
Weeks DA, Beckwith JB, Mierau GW et al (1989) Rhabdoid tumor of kidney. A report of 111 cases from the national Wilms‘ tumor study pathology center. Am J Surg Pathol 13:439–458
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Riccabona, M. Urinary tract imaging in infancy. Pediatr Radiol 39 (Suppl 3), 436–445 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-009-1229-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-009-1229-2