Abstract
We compare the path integral for transition functions in unimodular gravity and in general relativity. In unimodular gravity the cosmological constant is a property of states that are specified at the boundaries whereas in general relativity the cosmological constant is a parameter of the action. Unimodular gravity with a nondynamical background spacetime volume element has a time variable that is canonically conjugate to the cosmological constant. Wave functions depend on time and satisfy a Schrödinger equation. On the contrary, in the covariant version of unimodular gravity with a 3-form gauge field, proposed by Henneaux and Teitelboim, wave functions are time independent and satisfy a Wheeler-DeWitt equation, as in general relativity. The 3-form gauge field integrated over spacelike hypersurfaces becomes a “cosmic time” only in the semiclassical approximation. In unimodular gravity the smallness of the observed cosmological constant has to be explained as a property of the initial state.
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Buchmüller, W., Dragon, N. The cosmological constant as a boundary term. J. High Energ. Phys. 2022, 167 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2022)167
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2022)167