Abstract
When lower leaves of rice plants were inoculated with powder formulation of a saprophytic strain ofPseudomonas fluorescens, Pfl, upper leaves, in addition to the inoculated lower leaves, showed resistance to the rice bacterial blight pathogenXanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae. When the leaves were challenge-inoculated withX. oryzae pv.oryzae 4 days afterP. fluorescens application on lower leaves, the disease intensity in upper leaves decreased from 6.7 to 1.1. When rice seeds were treated with the formulation ofP. fluorescens Pfl and sown, 30-day-old seedlings showed resistance toX. oryzae pv.oryzae and the disease intensity decreased from 6.8 to 1.2. The induced resistance was transient; leaves sprayed withP. fluorescens Pfl at 30 days after treatment and leaves of 60-day-old seedlings fromP. fluorescens-treated seeds did not show resistance to the pathogen. In field trials, seed treatment followed by foliar application of the powder formulation ofP. fluorescens Pfl effectively controlled rice bacterial blight and increased the yield. In the induced resistant leaves a sharp increase in lignification and activities of peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase was observed when the leaves were challenge-inoculated withX. oryzae pv.oryzae. An approximately threefold increase in lignin content, peroxidase activity and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and a fivefold increase in 4-coumarate: CoA ligase activity were observed 5 days after challenge inoculation withX. oryzae pv.oryzae in rice leaves pretreated withP. fluorescens for 5 days. A similar increase in defense-related activities was not observed in susceptible interactions or inP. fluorescens-treated plants at later stages of interactions when no resistance to the pathogen was observed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alstrom, S. (1991) Induction of disease resistance in common bean susceptible to halo blight bacterial pathogen after seed bacterization with rhizosphere pseudomonads.J. Appl. Microbiol. 37:495–501.
Anderson, A.J. and Guerra, D. (1985) Responses of bean to root colonization withPseudomonas putida in hydroponic system.Phytopathology 75:992–995.
Anon. (1980) Standard Evaluation System for Rice. International Rice Testing Program. The International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.
Benhamou, N., Belanger, R.R. and Paulitz, T. (1996) Induction of differential host responses byPseudomonas fluorescens in Ri T-DNA transformed pea roots upon challenge withFusarium oxysporum f.sp.pisi and Pythium ultimum.Phytopathology 86:1174–1185.
Benhamou, N., Belanger, R.R. and Paulitz, T. (1996) Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the interaction betweenPseudomonas fluorescens and Ri T-DNA transformed pea roots: host response to colonization byPythium ultimum Trow.Planta 199:105–117.
Benhamou, N., Gagne, S., Le Quere, D. and Dehbi, L. (2000) Bacterial-mediated induced resistance in cucumber: Beneficial effect of the endophytic bacteriumSerratia plymuthica on the protection against infection byPythium ultimum.Phytopathology 90:45–56.
Benhamou, N., Kloepper, J.W., Quadt-Hallmann, A. and Tuzun, S. (1996) Induction of defense-related ultrastructural modifications in pea root tissues inoculated with endophytic bacteria.Plant Physiol. 112:919–929.
Cahill. D.M. and McComb, J.A. (1992) A comparison of changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, lignin and phenolic synthesis in the roots ofEucalyptus calophylla (field resistant) andE. marginata (susceptible) when infected withPhytophthora cinmmiomi.Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 46:315–332.
Castresana, C. Carvalha, F., Gheysen, G., Habets, M., Inze, D. and Van Montagu, M. (1990) Tissue-specific and pathogen-induced regulation of aNicotiana plumbaginifolia β-1,3-glucanase gene.Plant Cell 2:1131–1143.
Chen, C., Bauske, E.M., Musson, G., Rodriguez-Kabana, R. and Kloepper, J.W. (1995) Biological control ofFusarium wilt on cotton by use of endophytic bacteria.Biol. Control 5:83–91.
Chittoor, J.M., Leach, J.E. and White, F.F. (1997) Differential induction of a peroxidase gene family during infection of rice byX. oryzae pv.oryzae. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 10:861–871.
Dickerson, D.P., Pascholati, S.F., Hagerman, A.E., Butler, L.G. and Nicholson, R.L. (1984) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase in maize mesocotyl inoculated withHelminthosporium maydis orHelminthosparium carbonum.Physiol. Plant Pathol. 25:111–123.
Dowling, D.N. and O’Gara, F. (1994) Metabolites ofPseudomonas involved in the biocontrol of plant disease.Trends Biotechmol. 12:133–141.
Duijff, B.J., Gianinazzi-Pearson, V. and Lemanceau, P. (1997) Involvement of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharides in the endophytic colonization of tomato roots by biocontrolPseudomonas fluorescens strain WC4l7r.New Phytol. 135:325–334.
Guo, A., Reimers, P.J. and Leach, J.E. (1993) Effect of light on incompatible interactions betweenXanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzte and rice.Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 42:413–425.
Hammerschmidt, R. (1984) Rapid deposition of lignin in potato tuber tissue as a response to fungi nonpathogenic on potato.Physiol. Plant Pathol. 24:33–42.
Hoffland, E., Pieterse, C.M.J., Bik, L. and Van Pelt, J.A. (1995) Induced systemic resistance in radish is not associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins.Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 46:309–320.
Jakobek, J.L. and Lindgren, P.B. (1993) Generalized induction of defense responses in bean is not correlated with the induction of the hypersensitive response.Plant Cell 5:49–56.
Kloepper, J.W. (1993) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biological control agents.in: Metting, B. [Ed.] Soil Microbiological Techniques. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. pp. 255–274.
Kloepper, J.W., Tuzun, S., Liu, L. and Wei, G. (1993) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as inducers of systemic resistance.in: Lumsden, R.D. and Waughn, J.L. [Eds.] Pest Management: Biologically Based Technologies. ACS Conference Proceedings Series, American Chemical Society Press, Washington. DC. pp. 156–165.
Leeman, M., Van Pelt. JA., Den Ouden, F.M., Heinsbroek, M., Bakker, P.A.H.M. and Schippers, B. (1995) Induction of systemic resistance byPseudomonas fluorescens in radish cultivars differing in susceptibility to Fusarium wilt, using a novel bioassay.Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 101:655–664.
Leeman, M., Van Pelt, J.A., Den Ouden, F.M., Heinsbroek, M., Bakker, P.A.H.M. and Schippers, B. (1995) Induction of systemic resistance against fusarium wilt of radish by lipopolysaccharides ofPseudomonas fluorescens.Phytopathology 85:1021–1027.
Liu, L., Kloepper, J.W. and Tuzun, S. (1992) Induction of systemic resistance against cucumber mosaic virus by seed inoculation with selected rhizobacterial strains.Phytopathology 82:1109.
Maurhofer, M., Hase, C., Meuwly, P., Metraux, J.P. and Defago, G. (1994) Induction of systemic resistance of tobacco to tobacco necrosis virus by the root-colonizingPseudomonas fluorescens strain CHAO: influence of thegacA gene and of pyoverdine production.Phytopathology 84:139–146.
Meena, B., Radhajeyalakshmi, R., Vidhyasekaran, P. and Velazhahan, R. (1999) Effect of foliar application ofPseudomonas fluorescens on activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase and accumulation of phenolics in rice.Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. 34:307–315.
Milosevic, J. and Slusarenko, A.J. (1996) Active oxygen metabolism and lignification in the hypersensitive response in bean.Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 49:143–158.
M’Piga. P., Belanger, R.R., Paulitz, T.C. and Benhamou, N. (1997) Increased resistance toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis-lvcopersici in tomato plants treated with the endophytic bacteriumPseudomonas fluorescens strain 63–28.Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 50:301–320.
Mulya, K., Takikawa, Y. and Tsuyumu, S. (1996) The presence of regions homologous tohrp cluster inPseudomonas fluorescens PfG32R.Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 62:355–359.
Raaijmakers, J.M., Leeman, M., Van Oorschot, M.M.P., Van der Sluis, I., Schippers, B. and Bakker, P.A.H.M. (1995) Dose-response relationship in biological control of fusarium wilt of radish byPseudomonas sp.Phytopathology 85:1075–1081.
Rabindran, R. and Vidhyasekaran, P. (1996) Development of a formulation ofPseudonumas fluorescens PfALR2 for management of rice sheath blight.Crop Prot. 15:715–721.
Raupach, G.S. and Kloepper, J.W. (1998) Mixtures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance biological control of multiple cucumber pathogens.Phytopathology 88:1158–1164.
Reimers, P.J., Guo, A. and Leach, J.E. (1992) Increased activity of a cationic peroxidase associated with an incompatible interaction betweenXanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae and rice(Oryz.a saliva).Plant Physiol. 99:1044–1050.
Reimers, P.J. and Leach, J.E. (1991) Race-specific resistance toXanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae conferred by bacterial blight resistance geneXa-10 in riceOryza sativa involves accumulation of a lignin-like substance in host tissues.Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 38:39–55.
Smith, CG., Rodgers, M.W., Zimmerlin, A., Ferdinando. D. and Bolwell, G.P. (1994) Tissue and subcellular immunolocalisation of enzymes of lignin synthesis in differentiating and wounded hypocotyl tissue of French bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.).Planta 192:155–164.
Tiburzy, R. and Reisener, H.J. (1990) Resistance of wheat toPuccinia graminis f.sp.tritier association of the hypersensitive reaction with cellular accumulation of lignin-like material and callose.Phvxiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 36:109–120.
Van Peer, R., Niemann, G.J. and Schippers, B. (1991) Induced resistance and phytoalexin accumulation in biological control of fusarium wilt of carnation byPseudomonas sp. strain WCS 417r.Phytopathology 81:728–734.
Van Peer, R. and Schippers, B. (1992) Lipopolysaccharides of plant growth-promotingPseudoinonas sp. strain WCS 417r induce resistance in carnation to fusarium wilt.Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 98:129–139.
Vidhyasekaran, P. (1997) Fungal Pathogenesis in Plants and Crops: Molecular Biology and Host Defense Mechanisms. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.
Vidhyasekaran, P. and Muthamilan, M. (1995) Development of formulations ofPseudoinonas fluorescens for control of chickpea wilt.Plant Dis. 79:782–786.
Vidhyasekaran, P., Rabindran, R., Muthamilan, M., Nayar, K., Rajappan, K., Subramaman, N. and Vasumathi, K. (1997) Development of a powder formulation ofPseudoinonas fluorescens for control of rice blast.Plant Pathol. 46:291–297.
Vidhyasekaran, P., Sethuraman, K., Rajappan, K. and Vasumathi, K. (1997) Powder formulations ofPseudoinonas fluoiescens to control pigeonpea wilt.Biol. Cont. 8:166–171.
Wei, G., Kloepper, J.W. and Tuzun, S. (1991) Induction of systemic resistance of cucumber toColletotochum orbiculare by select strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.Phytopathology 81:1508–1512.
Wei, G., Kloepper, J.W. and Tuzun, S. (1996) Induced systemic resistance to cucumber diseases and increased plant growth by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under field conditions.Phytopathology 86:221–224.
Young, S.A., Guo, A., Guikema, J.A., White, F.F. and Leach, J.E. (1995) Rice cationic peroxidase accumulates in xylem vessels during incompatible interactions withXanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae. Plant Physiol. 107:1333–1341.
Zdor, R.E. and Anderson, A.J. (1992) Influence of root colonizing bacteria on the defense responses of bean.Plant Soil 140:99–107.
Zhou, T. and Paulitz, T.C. (1994) Induced resistance in the biocontrol ofPythium aplumidermatum byPseudoinonas spp. on cucumber.J. Phytopathol. 142:51–63..
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vidhyasekaran, P., Kamala, N., Ramanathan, A. et al. Induction of systemic resistance byPseudomonas fluorescens Pf1 againstXanthomonas oryzae pv.Oryzae in rice leaves. Phytoparasitica 29, 155–166 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02983959
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02983959