Abstract
The numbers of diseased plants could significantly be reduced when microconidia ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi were inoculated into the stem and viable-, heat-killed cells or purified LPS of the bacteriumPseudomonas sp. strain WCS417r were applied to the roots. Because the competition betweenF. o. dianthi and the bacterium could be excluded, the disease suppression seems to be due to an induced resistance. Accumulation of phytoalexins was found in the stem segments. No accumulation of these compounds was found when the plants were bacterized but noninfected. It is concluded that cell surface components present in the lipopolysaccharides of the bacterium are the inducing factors.
Increased peroxidase activity could be measured in root washes and root extracts after only bacterial preparations were added. No significant differences in peroxidase activity were found in stem extracts. The possible role of increased peroxidase activity in suppression of Fusarium wilt in carnation is discussed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Albert, F.G., Bennett, L.W. & Anderson, A.J., 1987. Peroxidase associated with the root surface ofPhaseolus vulgaris. Canadian Journal of Botany 64:573–578.
Baayen, R.P. & Niemann, G.J., 1989. Correlations between accumulation of dianthramides, dianthalexin and unknown compounds, and partial resistance toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in eleven carnation cultivars. Journal of Phytopathology 126: 281–292.
Baayen, R.P., Van Eijk, C., & Elgersma, D.M., 1989. Histology of roots of resistant and susceptible carnation cultivars from soil infested withFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 95: 3–13.
De Voogt, W., 1983. Voedingoplossing voor anjer. Vakblad voor de Bloemisterij 3: 29–30.
De Weger, L.A., Van Loosdrecht, C.M., Klaassen, H.E. & Lugtenberg, B., 1989. Mutational changes in physiochemical cell surface properties of plant-growth-stimulatingPseudomonas spp. do not influence the attachment properties of the cells. Journal of Bacteriology 171: 2756–2761.
Elad, Y., & Baker, R., 1985. The role of iron and carbon in suppression of chlamydospore germination ofFusarium spp. byPseudomonas spp. Phytopathology 75: 1053–1059.
Graham, T.L., Sequeira, L., & Huang, T.R., 1977. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides as inducers of disease resistance in tobacco. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 34: 424–432.
Gross, G.G., Janse, C. & Elstner, E.F., 1977. Involvement of malate, monophenols and the superoxide radical in hydrogen peroxide formation by isolated cell walls from horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.). Planta 136: 271–276.
Halliwell, B., 1978. Lignin synthesis: the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide by horseradish peroxidase and its stimulation by manganese (II) and phenols. Planta 140: 81–88.
Hammerschmidt, R. & Kuč, J., 1982. Lignification as a mechanism for induced systemic resistance in cucumber. Physiological Plant Pathology 20: 61–71.
Hammerschmidt, R., Nuckles, E.M. & Kuč, J., 1982. Association of enhanced peroxidase activity with induced systemic resistance of cucumber toColletotrichum lagenarium. Physiological Plant Pathology 20: 73–82.
Hammond, S.M., Lambert, P.A. & Rycroft, A.N., 1985. The envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, p. 57–118. In: S.M. Hammond, P.A. Lambert & A.N. Rycroft (Eds), The bacterial cell surface, Croom helm, London & Sidney.
Katsuwon, J. & Anderson, A.J., 1989. Response of plant-colonizing pseudomonads to hydrogen peroxide. Applied Environmental Microbiology 55: 2985–2989.
King, E.O., Ward, M.K. & Rainey, D.E., 1954. Two simple media for demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. Journal Laboratorium of Clinical Medecin 44: 301–307.
Lamers, J.G., Schippers, B. & Geels, F.P., 1988. Soil-borne diseases of wheat in the Netherlands and seed bacterization with pseudomonads againstGaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici, p. 134–139. In: M.L. Jorna & L.A.J. Slootmaker (Eds), Cereal breeding related to intergrated cereal production. Pudoc, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Lemanceau, P., 1989. Role of competition for carbon and iron in mechanisms of soil suppressiveness toFusarium wilts. p. 385–396. In: E.C. Tjamos & C. Berkman (Eds), Vascular wilt diseases of plants. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Minardi, P., Fede, A. & Mazzucchi, U., 1989. Protection induced by protein-Lipopolysaccharide complexes in tobacco leaves: Role of protected tissue free-space solutes. Journal of Phytopathology 127: 211–220.
Negrel, J. & L'Herminier, J., 1987. Peroxidase-mediated intergration of tyramine into xylem cell walls of tobacco leaves. Planta 172: 494–501.
Niemann, G.J. & Baayen, R.P., 1988. Involvement of phenol metabolism in resistance ofDianthus caryophyllus toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94: 289–301.
Niemann, G.J. & Baayen, R.P., 1989. Effects of phenyl serine and salicylic acid on phytoalexin accumulation in carnations infected byFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. Mededelingen Faculteit voor Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent 59: 435–438.
Niemann, G.J., Baayen, R.P. & Boon, J.J., 1990. Localization of phytoalexin accumulation and determination of changes in lignin and carbohydrate composition in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) xylem as a consequence of infection withFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 96: 133–153.
Ponchet, M., Ricci, P., Hauteville, M. & Auge, G., 1988. Activité antifonque in vitro de la dianthramide. A.A.C.R. Académie des Sciences Paris, Serie III. 306: 173–178.
Rama Raje, N.V. & Dunleavy, J.M., 1975. Enhancement of the bactericidal activity of a peroxidase system by phenolic compounds. Phytopathology 65: 686–690.
Rathmel, W.G. & Bendall, D.S., 1972. The peroxidase-catalysed oxidation of chalchone and its possible physiological significance. Biochemical Journal 127: 125–132.
Scher, F.M. & Baker, R., 1982. Effect ofPseudomonas putida and a synthetic iron chelator on induction of soil suppressiveness toFusarium wilt pathogens. Phytopathology. 72: 412–417.
Sequeira, L., 1983. Induced resistance in plants. Annual Review of Microbiology 37: 51–79.
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W.G., 1980. Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
Sijmos, P.C., Kolattukudy, P.E. & Bienfait, H.F., 1985. Iron deficiency decreases suberization in bean roots through a decrease in suberin-specific peroxidase activity. Plant Physiology 78: 115–120.
Van Loon, L.C., 1985. The significance of changes in peroxidase in diseased plants. p. 405–418. In: R.S.S. Fraser (Ed.), Mechanisms of resistance to plant diseases. Nijhoff/Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Vance, C.P., Kirk, T.K. & Sherwood, R.T., 1980. Lignification as a mechanism of disease resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 18: 259–288.
Van Peer, R. & Schippers, B., 1989. Plant growth responses to bacterization with selectedPseudomonas spp. strains and rhizosphere microbial development in hydroponic cultures. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35: 456–463.
Van Peer, R., Xu, T., Rattink, H. & Schippers, B., 1989. Biological control ofFusarium oxysporum in hydroponic systems. In: AA. Steiner & J.J. Uittien (Eds), Soilless cultures, pages 361–373.
Van Peer, R., Van Kuik, A.J., Rattink, H. & Schippers, B., 1990. Protection of carnation againstFusarium byPseudomonas sp. strain WCS417r and Fe-EDDHA. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 96: 119–132.
Van Peer, R., Niemann, G.N. & Schippers, B., 1991. Induced resistance and phytoalexin accumulation in biological control ofFusarium wilt in carnation byPseudomonas sp. strain WCS417r. Phytopathology 81: 728–734.
Van Peer, R. & Schippers, B., 1991a. Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt byPseudomonas sp. strain WCS4317r: induced resistance and phytoalexin accumulation. In: Beemster et al. (Eds), Biotic interactions and soil-borne diseases. Pages 274–280. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Veech, J.A., Stipanovic, R.D. & Bell, A.A., 1976. Peroxidative conversion of hemigossypol to gossypol. A revised structure of isohemigossypol. Journal Chemical Society Commun. 528: 144–145.
Westphal, O. & Jann, K., 1965. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: extraction with phenol-water and further applications of the procedure, p. 83–91. In Press, Inc., New York.
Whatley, M.H., Hunter, N., Cantrell, M.A., Hendrick, C.A., Keegstra, K. & Sequeira, L., 1980. Lipopolysaccharide composition of the wilt pathogen,Pseudomonas solanacearum: correlation with hypersensitive response in tobacco. Plant Physiology 65: 557–559.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Van Peer, R., Schippers, B. Lipopolysaccharides of plant-growth promoting Pseudomonas sp. strain WCS417r induce resistance in carnation to Fusarium wilt. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 98, 129–139 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01996325
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01996325