Abstract
Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique adapted for the rapid multiplication of disease-free seed stocks. Procedures for propagating potatoes in the laboratory and acclimating plantlets in the greenhouse are available, but information on cultural practices for maximizing tuber yield of plantlets when transplanted to the field is lacking. Centennial Russet and Russet Burbank plantlets were transferred from culture jars to three sizes of transplant containers for establishment under greenhouse conditions before transplanting to the field. Length of field growing season was varied by using two transplant dates and two vine kill dates. Survival of field transplanted plantlets was above 95 percent in both 1983 and 1984. Cultural practices significantly affected the tuber yield of plantlets of both cultivars. Total yield and yield of tubers larger than 35 mm in diameter increased with increasing transplant container volume. Transplant container volume had no effect on the yield of tubers less than 35 mm in diameter. Highest total yields and tuber production per plantlet for both Centennial Russet and Russet Burbank were obtained from the longest growing season (early transplant date with late vine kill). Yield of Russet Burbank plantlets increased more in response to a longer growing season than did Centennial Russet.
Resumen
La micropropagación es una técnica de cultivo de tejidos adaptada para la multiplicación rápida de existencias de semillas libres de enfermedades. Actualmente se dispone de procedimientos para propagar papas en el laboratorio y para aclimatación de las plántulas en el invernadero, pero no existe información sobre prácticas culturales para maximizar el rendimiento en tubérculos de las plántulas, cuando éstas son transplantadas al campo.
Plántulas de los cultivares Centennial Russet y Russet Burbank fueron transferidas de potes de cultivo, a tres tamaños de recipientes de transplante, para su establecimiento bajo condiciones de invernadero antes de ser transplantadas al campo. Se varió la longitud de la estación de cultivo en el campo, utilizando dos fechas de transplante y dos fechas para la defoliación o eliminación del follaje. La supervivencia de las plántulas transplantadas al campo, tanto en 1983 como en 1984, fue mayor de 95 por ciento. Las prácticas culturales afectaron significativamente el rendimiento en tubérculos de las plántulas de ambos cultivares.
El rendimiento total, y el rendimiento en tubérculos más grandes de 35 mm de diámetro, se incrementó con el mayor volumen del recipiente de transplante. El volumen del recipiente de transplante, no tuvo efecto sobre el rendimiento de tubérculos de menos de 35 mm de diámetro. Los rendimientos totales más altos, así como la producción de tubérculos por plántula, tanto para Centennial Russet como para Russet Burbank, se obtuvieron en la estación más larga de cultivo (fecha temprana de transplante y defoliación tardía). El rendimiento de las plántulas de Russet Burbank, en respuesta a una estación de cultivo más larga, se incrementó más que el rendimiento observado para el cultivar Centennial Russet.
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Funding was provided by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (Project 1-51090), San Luis Valley Potato Administrative Committee, and the Colorado Certified Potato Growers Association.
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Thornton, M.K., Knutson, K.W. Effect of transplant container volume and growing season length on field performance of micropropagated potatoes. American Potato Journal 63, 399–410 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854103
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854103