Abstract
The growth and tuberization of Norland potatoes were studied under five different temperatures and two photoperiods. Treatment levels included 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 C with either a 24-h (continuous light) or a 12-h photoperiod at 400 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF. Plants were grown in 6-liter containers and harvested at 56-days-age. Stem length increased with increasing temperature under both photoperiods. The highest tuber yield occurred at 16 C under the 24-h photoperiod (755 g/plant) and at 20 C under the 12-h photoperiod (460 g/plant). Little or no tuber formation occurred at 28 C under either photoperiod or at 24 C under continuous light. As with tuber yield, the highest total plant dry weights also occurred at 16 C under the 24-h photoperiod and at 20 C under the 12-h photoperiod. Harvest index (tuber dry weight to total dry weight ratio) decreased with increasing temperatures and with continuous light. Results indicate that good growth and tuberization can occur under continuous light, and that increasing the photoperiod from 12 to 24 h effectively decreased the optimal temperature for tuber formation from near 20 C to 16 C. Alternatively, the results imply that at cooler temperatures, the potato becomes less obligate for dark period stimulation of tuberization.
Resumen
Se estudió el crecimiento y tuberización de papas Norland, bajo cinco diferentes temperaturas y dos fotoperíodos. Los niveles de los tratamientos incluyeron 12, 16, 20, 24, y 28°C con un fotoperiodo de 24-h (luz continua), o uno de 12-h, con 400 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF. Las plantas fueron desarrolladas en recipientes de 6 litros, y cosechadas a los 56 días de edad. La longitud del tallo aumentó con el aumento de temperatura bajo ambos fotoperiodos. Los rendimientos en tubérculos más altos se produjeron a 16°C bajo un fotoperíodo de 24-h (755 g/planta), y a 20°C bajo un fotoperíodo de 12-h (460 g/planta). Se produjeron pocos o ningún tubérculo a 28°C, bajo cualquiera de los fotoperíodos, o a 24°C bajo luz continua. Al igual que con el rendimiento en tubérculos, los pesos secos totales de las plantas más altos también se presentaron a 16°C bajo el fotoperiodo de 24-h y a 20°C bajo el fotoperíodo de 12-h. El Indice de cosecha (peso seco de tubérculo/peso seco total) disminuyó con el aumento de temperatura y con la iluminación continua. Los resultados indican que un buen crecimiento y tuberización pueden tener lugar bajo condiciones de luz continua, y que incrementando el fotoperíodo de 12 a 24-h, disminuye efectivamente la temperatura óptima para la formación de tubérculos, de cerca de 20°C a 16°C. Alternativamente, los resultados implican que a temperaturas más frías, la papa se ve menos necesitada de pasar por un período de obscuridad, que estimule la tuberización.
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Supported by College of Agriculture and Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and NASA Cooperative Agreements NCC 2-136 and NCC 2-301.
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Wheeler, R.M., Steffen, K.L., Tibbitts, T.W. et al. Utilization of potatoes for life support systems II. The effects of temperature under 24-H and 12-H photoperiods. American Potato Journal 63, 639–647 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02852926
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02852926