Abstract
Soil mixing with cement is one of the fastest growing specialties in many coastal and offshore areas and is becoming means of improving poor ground conditions. The engineering properties of clay soils can be enhanced by addition of cement, thereby producing an improved construction material. While this ground improvement technique is gaining popularity, the strength-deformation behaviour over the long term and the soil structure of the clay-cement mixture are not well understood. This paper aims to investigate the mechanical behaviour of cement-stabilized Kaolin with Portland cement. An extensive laboratory program was carried out to determine the mechanical characteristics of kaolin-cement, with some brief examination of the effects of curing environment. Results show that while cement increases strength, it also reduces axial strain required to achieve failure under drained conditions. Furthermore, when the cement content is 5 percent or less, kaolin-cement may not improve with time after 28 to 56 days; this may be partially due to softening during curing. Addition of cement increases the degree of flocculation of the clay particles; this is associated with an increase in pH of the pore wate However, the pH decreases over time. The formation of various new reaction products has been identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bergado, D.T., Anderson, L.R., Miura, N., and Balasubramaniam, A.S. (1996).Soft ground improvement in lowland and other environments. ASCE Press, New York.
Kedzi, A. (1979).Stabilized earth roads, developments in geotechnical engineering 19, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York.
Lee Yeong (1999).Annual report on the cement mixing soil, BBR Ground Engineering Singapore.
Mitchell, J.K. (1981).Soil improvement methods and their applications in civil engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
Mitchell, J.K. (1993).Fundamentals of soil behavior, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Porbaha, A., Shibuya, S., and Kishida, T. (2000). “State of the art in deep mixing technology.” Part III: Geomaterial Characterization.Ground Improvement. Vol. 3, 91–110.
Sivapullaiah, P.V., Sridharan, A., and Bhaskar Raju, K.V. (2000). “Role of amount and type of clay in the lime stabilization of soils.”Ground Improvement. Vol. 4, 37–45.
Tatsuoka, F. and Kobayashi, A. (1983). “Triaxial strength characteristics of cement-treated soft clay.”Improvement of Ground, Proceedings of the 8 th ECSMFE, Helsinki, 23–26 May 1983. Vol. 1. pp. 421–426.
Uddin, M.K. (1995).Strengh and deformation characteristics of cement treated Bangkok clay, D. Eng. Dissertation No. GT-94-1, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
Wissa, A.E.Z. and Ladd, C.C. (1964).Effective stress-strength behavior of compacted stabilized soils, Soil Mechanics Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research reports R 64-32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The manuscript for this paper was submitted for review on Decemer 12, 2001.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, K.H., Lee, S. Mechanical properties of weakly bonded cement stabilized kaolin. KSCE J Civ Eng 6, 389–398 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02841993
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02841993