Summary
Population dynamics of the brown planthopper (BPH),Nilaparvata lugens Stål, were investigated in paddy fields in the coastal lowland of West Java, Indonesia, where rice is cultivated twice a year, in the wet and dry cropping seasons. Distinct differences in the basic features of population dynamics were detected between the two rice cropping seasons: (1) In the wet season, BPH populations multiplied rapidly in the period from initial to peak generation, reaching quite often the destructive level despite the low density of initial immigrants. However, in the dry season, the population growth rate and the peak population density were much lower than those in the wet season. The abundance of natural enemies such as arthropod predators played a major role in determining such a difference in seasonal population development. (2) The density at the peak generation or the occurrence of outbreaks in each field was predictable in the wet season with fairly high accuracy on the basis of the density at the initial or previous seasonal generations. In the dry season, however, the rate of population growth and the peak population density widely varied among the fields depending on the water status in each field. (3) Density-dependent processes to regulate the population density were detected in both cropping seasons. In the wet season, the regulatory processes were only detected in such high densities as cause the considerable deterioration of host plants, which suggested that the processes were largely attributable to intra-specific competition. In the dry season, however, the regulatory processes operated at a much lower density in the earlier stages of the crops. The results of an analysis of adult longevity or residence period suggested that the density-dependent dispersal of macropterous adults played an important role in stabilizing the population fluctuation among the fields in the early dry season.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Cariño, F. O., P. E. Kenmore and V. A. Dyck (1970) The FARMCOP suction sampler for hoppers and predators in flooded rice fields.Int. Rice Res. Newsl.,4(5): 21–22.
Cook, A. G. and T. J. Perfect (1989) The population characteristics of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens, in the Philippines.Ecol. Entomol. 14: 1–9.
Dyck, V. A. and B. Thomas (1979) The brown planthopper problem. 3–17. In Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia. IRRI, Los Baños.
Dyck, V. A., B. C. Misra, S. Alam, C. N. Chen, C. Y. Hsien and R. S. Rejesus (1979) Ecology of the brown planthopper in the tropics. 61–98. In Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia. IRRI, Los Baños.
Hinckley, A. D. (1963) Ecology and control of rice planthoppers in Fiji.Bull. Entomol. Res. 54(3): 467–481.
Hirao, J. (1989) Dynamics of planthoppers in Malaysia.Shokubutsu Boeki 43: 198–200. (in Japanese)
Hokyo, N. and K. Kiritani (1967) A method for estimating natural survival rate and mean fecundity of an adults insect population by dissecting the female reproductive organs.Res. Popul. Ecol.,9: 130–142.
Kenmore, P. E. (1984) Population regulation of the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata Lugens Stål) within rice field in the Philippines.J. Pl. Prot. Tropics 1: 19–37.
Kisimoto, R. (1965) Studies on the polymorphism and its role playing in the population growth of the planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens Stål.Bull. Shikoku Agric. Exp. Stn. 13: 1–106. (in Japanese with English summary)
Kisimoto, R. (1977) Bionomics, forecasting of outbreaks and injury caused by the rice brown planthopper. 27–41. In The Rice Brown Planthopper. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, ASPAC, Taipei.
Kisimoto, R. (1981) Development, behaviour, population dynamics and control of the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens Stål.Rev. Plant Protec. Res. 14: 26–58.
Kuno, E. (1968) Studies on population dynamics of rice leafhoppers in a paddy field.Bull. Kyushu Agric. Exp. Stn. 14: 131–246. (in Japanese with English summary)
Kuno, E. and N. Hokyo (1970a) Comparative analysis of the population dynamics of rice leafhoppers,Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler andNilaparvata lugens Stål, with special reference to natural regulation of their numbers.Res. Popul. Ecol. 12: 154–184.
Kuno, E. and N. Hokyo (1970b) Mean longevity of adults in a field population of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) as estimated by Hokyo and Kiritani's method.Appl. Entomol. Zool.,5: 225–227.
Kuno, E. (1971) Sampling error as a misleading artifact in “key factor analysis’.Res. Popul. Ecol. 13: 28–45.
Kuno, E. and V. A. Dyck (1985) Dynamics of Philippine and Japanese populations of the brown planthopper: Comparison of basic characteristics.Chinese J. Entomology,4: 1–9.
Kusmayadi, A., E. Kuno and H. Sawada (1990) The spatial distribution pattern of the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in West Java, Indonesia.Res. Popul. Ecol. 32: 67–83.
Mochida, O., T. Suryana and A. Wahyu (1977) Recent outbreaks of the brown planthopper in Southeast Asia (with special reference to Indonesia). 170–191. In The Rice Brown Planthopper. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, ASPAC, Taipei.
Mochida, O. and T. Okada (1979) Taxonomy and biology ofNilaparvata lugens (Hom., Delphacidae). 21–43. In Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia. IRRI, Los Baños.
Morris, R. F. (1963) Predictive population equations based on key factors.Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada. 32: 16–21.
Ohkubo, N. and R. Kisimoto (1971) Diurnal periodicity of flight behaviour of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens Stål, in the 4th and 5th emergence periods.Jap. J. app. Ent. Zool.,15: 8–16. (in Japanese with English summary)
Sawada, H. and A. Kusumayadi (1991) Population characteristics of the brown planthopper in the Northern West Java, Indonesia.Shokubutsu Boeki 45: 369–372 (in Japanese)
Sawada, H. and S. W. G. Subroto (1991) Life table studies on the brown planthopper in Indonesia.Shokubutsu Boeki 45: 373–376. (in Japanese)
Sawada, H., S. W. G. Subroto, E. Suwardiwijaya, Mustaghfirin and A. Kusumayadi (1992) Population dynamics of the brown planthopperNilapalvata lugens Stål in the coastal lowland of West Java, Indonesia.JARQ 26: 88–97.
Seenardi (1977) The present status and control of the brown planthopper in Indonesia. 91–101. In The Brown Planthopper (Nilapalvata lugens Stål), Jakarta.
Sogawa, K. (1989) Renovation of the brown planthopper control in Indonesia.Shokubutsu Boeki 43: 193–197. (in Japanese)
Southwood, T. R. E. (1978) Ecological methods with particular reference to the study of insect populations. 2nd Edn. Chapman and Hall, London.
Subroto, S. W. G., Ira, Sukar, M. S. Diant and H. Sawada (1992) Outbreaks of the brown planthopper in Indonesia. 1–11. In Wereng Batang Coklat: Final report of Indonesia-Japan joint programme on food crop protection (ATA-162), Jakarta. (in Indonesian)
Suenaga, H. (1963) Analytical studies on the ecology of the species of planthoppers, the white backed planthopper (Sogatelle furcifera Horvath) and the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) with special reference to their outbreaks.Bull. Kyushu Agric. Exp. Stn. 8: 1–152. (in Japanese with English summary)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sawada, H., Kusmayadi, A., Gaib Subroto, S.W. et al. Comparative analysis of population characteristics of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens stål, between wet and dry rice cropping seasons in West Java, Indonesia. Res Popul Ecol 35, 113–137 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515649
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515649