Summary
The electroactivity of majorAlternaria mycotoxins has been explored in order to devise a liquid chromatographic-electrochemical detection (LC-EC) method for the determination of these toxic metabolites in fungal cultures and in naturally contaminated foodstuffs. Alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, altertoxin-I and altertoxin-II have been found to be electroactive and could be detected at sub-nanogram levels. Advantages and limitations of dual electrode (screen mode) coulometric detection and single electrode amperometric detection are presented and discussed. The feasibility of electrochemical detection in gradient elution liquid chromatography as well as its applicability to the analysis of contaminated foodstuffs is demonstrated.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G. E. Templeton, in “Microbial Toxins-Vol. VII”S. Kadis, Ed., Academic Press, N.Y., 1972; pp. 169–192.
G. A. Pollock, C. E. Disabatino, R. C. Heimsh, D. R. Hilbelink, Food Chem. Toxicol.,20, 899 (1982).
M. E. Stack, M. J. Prival, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,52, 718 (1986).
J. E. Schade, A. D. King, J. Food Prot.,47, 978 (1984) and references therein.
P. M. Scott, S. R. Kanhere, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.,63, 612 (1980).
M. Kellert, W. Blaas, M. Wittkowski, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem.,318, 419 (1984).
E. G. Heisler, J. Siciliano, E. E. Stinson, S. F. Osman, D. D. Bill, J. Chromatogr.,194, 89 (1980).
M. Wittkowski, W. Baltes, W. Kronert, R. Weber, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch.,177, 447 (1983).
M. E. Stack, P. B. Mislivec, J. A. G. Roach, A. E. Polhand, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.,68, 640 (1985).
M. E. Stack, M. J. Prival, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,52, 718 (1986).
A. Visconti, A. Logrieco, A. Bottalico. Food Additives and Contaminants3, 323 (1986).
L. M. Seitz, H. E. Mohr, Anal. Biochem.,70, 224 (1976).
F. Palmisano, P. G. Zambonin, A. Visconti, A. Bottalico, J. Chromatogr.465, 305 (1989).
A. Visconti, A. Bottalico, M. Solfrizzo, F. Palmisano, Proceedings of 17th Int. IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, Tokyo (1988), in press.
F. Palmisano, P. G. Zambonin, Ann. Chim.,74, 633 (1984). and references therein.
F. J. Vermillion, I. A. Pearl, J. Electrochem. Soc.,3, 1392 (1964).
M. Fleischmann, D. Pletcher, in: “Reaction of Molecules at Electrodes”,N. S. Hush Ed., Wiley, New York, 1971; p. 371.
P. J. Hayes, M. R. Smyth, I. McMurrough, Analyst112, 1197 (1987).
E. Tesarova, V. Pacakova, K. Stulik, Chromatographia23, 102 (1987).
K. Stulik, V. Pacakova, CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem.,14, 297 (1984).
R. J. Rucki, Talanta27, 147 (1980).
M. G. Khaledi, J. G. Dorsey, Anal. Chem.,57, 2190 (1985).
Model 5100 Instruction manual, ESA Inc., Bedford (MA) 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Palmisano, F., Zambonin, P.G., Visconti, A. et al. Determination ofAlternaria mycotoxins in foodstuffs by gradient elution liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Chromatographia 27, 425–430 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319558
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319558