Summary
This work compares and evaluates viscosity data obtained on similar fluids by two widely accepted high shear techniques. Both the jet and concentric cylinder viscometers are useful high shear methods. The major limitation of the jet viscometer is an inability to distinguish quantitatively between energy losses in laminar flow and those due to capillary geometry and experimental conditions. For example, the jet viscometer gives minima in viscosity-shear rate correlations which are difficult to treat. These minima are not found in concentric cylinder viscometer data for the same and similar fluids. The apparent viscosity increase at high shear in the jet may be due to factors other thanReynold's turbulence, as previously supposed. This effect may be due to molecular relaxation phenomena in certain cases. The jet viscometer might thus be used to evaluate molecular relaxation and/or other phenomena contributing to this effect.
For a variety of systems, the concentric cylinder viscometer gives significantly smaller temporary viscosity losses due to shear than do the jet viscometer data. These comparisons are made using the maximum jet shear rate at the capillary wall. The differences are, of course, larger if average shear rates are used to compare the data. It is concluded that the jet viscometer results tend to be erroneous. This is possibly due to capillary end effects or problems with kinetic energy corrections.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Morris, W. J. andR. Schnurmann, Rev. Sci. Instruments17, 17 (1946).
Morris, W. J., Jet Viscometers for High Rates of Shear, M. Sc. Thesis (Manchester 1948).
Schnurmann, R. andW. J. Morris, Principles of Rheological Measurement, p. 202 (London 1946).
Morris, W. J. andR. Schnurmann, Nature160, 674 (1947).
Schnurmann, R., Proc. International Rheology Congr., II, 142 (Amsterdam 1948).
Schnurmann, R., Trans. Instruments and Measurements Conf., 154 (Stockholm 1949).
Morris, W. J. andR. Schnurmann, Nature167, 317 (1951).
Schnurmann, R., Appl. Mech. Rev.4, 679 (1954).
Mardles, E. S. J., Nature182, 438 (1958).
Barber, E. M., J. R. Muenger andF. J. Villforth, Jr., Anal. Chem.27, 425 (1955).
Porter, R. S. andJ. F. Johnson, J. Phys. Chem.63, 202 (1959).
Porter, R. S. andJ. F. Johnson, J. Appl. Polymer Sci.3, 107 (1960).
Porter, R. S. andJ. F. Johnson, J. Appl. Polymer Sci.3, 200 (1960).
Porter, R. S. andJ. F. Johnson, J. Polymer Sci.50, 379 (1961).
Porter, R. S. andJ. F. Johnson Wear4, 32 (1961).
Gaskins, F. H., andW. Philippoff, Trans. Soc. Rheology3, 181 (1959).
Philippoff, W. andF. H. Gaskins, Trans. Soc. Rheology2, 263 (1958).
Symposium on Measuring Viscosity at High Rates of Shear, ASTM Special Technical Bulletin No. III (1951).
Sisko, A. W., J. Colloid Sci.15, 89 (1960).
Georgi, C. W., Proc. 4th World Petroleum Cong., Section VI, 211 (1955).
Philippoff, W., ASLE Trans.1, 82 (1958).
Klaus, E. E. andM. R. Fenshe, Lub. Eng.11, 101 (1955).
Horowitz, H. H., Ind. Eng. Chem.50, 1089 (1958).
Tordella, J. P., Rheol. Acta1, 216 (1958).
Sandiford, D. J. H., A. H. Willbourn, A. Renfrew andP. Morgan, Polythene Ed., 2nd Ed., p. 212 (New York-London, 1960).
Metzner, A, H. andJ. C. Reed, Amer. Ind. Chem. Eng. J.1, 434 (1955).
Horowitz, H. H., F. E. Steidler andE. O. Forster, Proc. 5th World Petroleum Cong., Section VI, Preprint 19 (New York 1959).
Bagley, E. B. andA. B. Metzner, Ind. Eng. Chem.51, 714 (1959).
Scott Blair, G. W., The Principles of Rheological Measurement, p. 83 (London 1946).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Porter, R.S., Johnson, J.F. Evaluation of high shear viscosity data from jet and concentric cylinder viscometers. Rheol Acta 2, 82–87 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01972559
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01972559