Conclusions
When routinely employed during repair of congenital heart disease, echo DCFI impacts in over 50% of cases by disclosing previously unrecognized abnormalities, assisting planning in the operating room, or by assisting the surgeon in recognizing the presence of less than optimal results. In the latter case, echo DCFI specifies and directs immediate action for the correction of residual defects. Such methods can be employed even in very small infants. While no method can replace surgical judgement, experience or skill, intraoperative epicardial echo DCFI is a valuable tool for guiding repair of congenital heart defects as well as for the immediate assessment of operative results.
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Ungerleider, R. Decision making in pediatric cardiac surgery using intraoperative echo. Int J Cardiac Imag 4, 33–35 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01795117
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01795117