Abstract
The rheological properties of rennet-induced skim milk gels were determined by two methods, i.e., via stress relaxation and dynamic tests. The stress relaxation modulusG c (t) was calculated from the dynamic moduliG′ andG″ by using a simple approximation formula and by means of a more complex procedure, via calculation of the relaxation spectrum. Either calculation method gave the same results forG c (t). The magnitude of the relaxation modulus obtained from the stress relaxation experiments was 10% to 20% lower than that calculated from the dynamic tests.
Rennet-induced skim milk gels did not show an equilibrium modulus. An increase in temperature in the range from 20° to 35 °C resulted in lower moduli at a given time scale and faster relaxation. Dynamic measurements were also performed on acid-induced skim milk gels at various temperatures andG c (t) was calculated. The moduli of the acid-induced gels were higher than those of the rennet-induced gels and a kind of “permanent” network seemed to exist, also at higher temperatures.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- G′ :
-
storage shear modulus,N·m−2;
- G″ :
-
loss shear modulus,N·m−2;
- G′ c :
-
calculated storage shear modulus,N·m−2;
- G″ c :
-
calculated loss shear modulus,N·m−2;
- G e :
-
equilibrium shear modulus,N·m−2;
- G ec :
-
calculated equilibrium shear modulus,N·m−2;
- G(t) :
-
relaxation shear modulus,N·m−2;
- G c (t):
-
calculated relaxation shear modulus,N·m−2;
- G *(t):
-
pseudo relaxation shear modulus,N·m−2;
- H :
-
relaxation spectrum,N·m−2;
- t :
-
time,s;
- τ :
-
relaxation time,s;
- ω :
-
angular frequency, rad·s−1.
References
Van Dijk HJM (1987) Syneresis of curd. Ph D Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
Walstra P, Van Dijk HJM, Geurts TJ (1985) Neth Milk Dairy J 39:209
Van Dijk HJM, Walstra P (1986) Neth Milk Dairy J 40:3
Roefs SPFM (1986) Structure of acid casein gels. Ph D Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
Roefs SPFM, Van Vliet T (1984) Proc 9th Int Congr Rheology 4:249
Roefs SPFM, Walstra P, Dalgleish DG, Horne DS (1985) Neth Milk Dairy J 39:119
Zoon P (1988) Rheological properties of rennet-induced skim milk gels. Ph D Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
Zoon P, Van Vliet T, Walstra P (1988) Neth Milk Dairy J 42:249
Zoon P, Van Vliet T, Walstra P (1988) Neth Milk Dairy J 42:271
Zoon P, Van Vliet T, Walstra P (1988) Neth Milk Dairy J 42:295
Zoon P, Van Vliet T, Walstra P (1989) Neth Milk Dairy J 43:17
Zoon P, Van Vliet T, Walstra P (1989) Neth Milk Dairy J 43:35
Tokita M, Hikichi K, Niki R, Arima S (1982) Biorheology 19:209
Tokita M, Hikichi K, Niki R, Arima S (1982) Biorheology 19:695
Tokita M, Futakuchi H, Niki R, Arima S, Hikichi K (1983) Biorheology 20:1
Tokita M, Niki R, Hikichi K (1985) J Chem Phys 83:2583
Tokita M, Niki R, Hikichi K (1984) J Phys Soc Jap 53:480
Van den Bijgaart HJCM (1988) Syneresis of rennet-induced milk gels as influenced by cheesemaking parameters. Ph D Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
Van den Bijgaart HJCM, Van Vliet T, Walstra P, Zoon P (1989) Neth Milk Dairy J 43:85
Kalab M, Harwalker VR (1973) J Dairy Sci 56:835
Knoop AM, Peters KH (1975) Kiel Milchwirtsch Forschungsber 27:227
Knoop AM, Peters KH (1975) Kiel Milchwirtsch Forschungsber 27:315
Van Vliet T, Walstra P (1985) Neth Milk Dairy J 39:115
Ferry JD (1980) Viscoelastic properties of polymers. John Wiley & Sons, New York London
Ninomiya K, Ferry JD (1959) J Colloid Sci 14:36
De Cindio B, Acierno D, Gortemaker FH, Janeschitz-Kriegl H (1977) Rheol Acta 16:484
Bloksma AH, Nieman W (1975) J Texture stud 6:343
Duiser JA (1965) Het viscoelastich gedrag van twee polycarbonzuren in water. Ph D Thesis, State University Leiden, The Netherlands
Den Otter JL (1967) Ph D Thesis, State University Leiden, The Netherlands
Heertje I, Visser J, Smits P (1985) Food Microstructure 4:267
Van Vliet T, Roefs SPFM, Zoon P, Walstra P (1989) J Dairy Res 56:529
Kelchner RE, Aklonis JJ (1971) J Polym Sci A-2 9:609–614
Zoon P, De Cindio B, Van Vliet T (1990) In: Carter RE (ed) Rheology of Food, Pharmaceutical and Biological Materials. Proc Conference British Society of Rheology Warwick 1989. Elsevier Applied Science Publ (in press)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zoon, P., Roefs, S.P.F.M., de Cindio, B. et al. Rheological properties of skim milk gels at various temperatures; interrelation between the dynamic moduli and the relaxation modulus. Rheol Acta 29, 223–230 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01331358
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01331358