Abstract
Accessing multimedia information in a networked environment introduces problems that do not exist when the same information is accessed locally. These problems include: (1) competing for network resources within and across applications, (2) synchronizing data arrivals from various sources within an application, and (3) supporting multiple data representations across heterogeneous hosts. Often, special purpose algorithms can be defined to deal with these problems, but these solutions are usually restricted to the context of a single application. A more general approach is to define an adaptable infrastructure that can be used to manage resources flexibly for all currently active applications. This paper describes such an approach. We begin by introducing a general framework for partitioning control responsibilities among a number of cooperating system and application components. We then describe a specification formalism that can be used to encode an application's resource requirements, synchronization needs, and interaction control. This specification can be used to coordinate the activities of the application, the operating system(s) and a set of adaptive information objects in matching the (possibly flexible) needs of an application to the resources available in an environment at run time. The benefits of this approach are that it allows adaptable application support with respect to system resources and that it provides a natural way to support heterogeneity in multimedia networks and multimedia data.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Anderson TE, Bershad BN, Lazowska ED, Levy HM (1992) Scheduler activations: effective kernel support for the user-level management of parallelism. ACM Transact Comput Syst 10:53–80
Anderson DP, Chan P (1991) Toolkit support for multiuser audio/video applications. Proc 2nd International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, Heidelberg, pp 230–241
Buchanan MC, Zellweger PT (1992a) Scheduling multimedia documents using temporal constraints. Proc 3rd International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, San Diego, pp 237–249
Buchanan MC, Zellweger PT (1992b) Specifying temporal behavior in hypermedia documents. Proc ACM ECHT'92 Conference on hypertext, Milan, pp 262–271
Bulterman DCA (1992) Synchronization of multi-sourced multimedia data for heterogeneous target systems. Proc 3rd International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, San Diego, pp 119–129
Bulterman DCA, Liere R van (1991) Multimedia synchronization and unix. Proc 2nd International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, Heidelberg, pp 108–119
Bulterman DCA, Rossum G van, Liere R van (1991) A structure for transportable, dynamic Multimedia documents. Proc Summer 1991 Usenix Conference, Nashville, pp 137–155
Bulterman DCA, Winter DT (1993) A distributed approach to retrieving JPEG pictures in portable hypermedia documents. Proc IEEE Symposium on Multimedia Technologies and Future Applications, Southampton, England pp 93–99
Clark DD, Shenker S, Zhang L (1992) Supporting real-time applications in an integrated services packet network. Proc ACM SIG-COMM'92, pp 200–208
Danthin A, Baguette Y, Leduc G, Leonard L (1992) The OSI 95 connection-mode transport service: the enhanced QoS. Proc 4th TCG WG GY IFIP Conference on High Speed Networking, pp 138–143
Ferrari D (1990) Client requirements for real-time communication services. IEEE Commun Magazine 28:65–72. See also RFC 1193, 1990
Ferrari D (1991) Design and implementation of a delay jitter control scheme for packet-switching internetworks. Proc 2nd International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, Heidelberg, pp 72–83
Fujikawa K, Shimojo S, Matsuura T, Nishio S, Miyahara H (1991) Multimedia presentation system “Harmony” with temporal and active media. Proc USENIX Multimedia Conference, Nashville, pp 75–93
Govindan R, Anderson DP (1991) Scheduling and IPC mechanisms for continuous media. Proc Thirteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pp 68–80
Hanko JG, Kuerner EM, Northcutt JD, Wall GA (1991) Workstation support for time-critical applications. Proc 2nd International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, Heidelberg, pp 4–9
Hardman L, Bulterman DCA, Rossum G van (1993a) The Amsterdam hypermedia model: extending hypertext to real multimedia. Hypermedia Journal, 5:47–69
Hardman L, Bulterman DCA, Rossum G van (1993b) Structured multimedia authoring. Proc ACM Multimedia '93, Anaheim, Calif., pp 283–290
Hayter M, McAuley D (1991) The desk area network. Technical Report No. 228, Cambridge University Computing Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
Hodges M, Sasnett R, Ackerman M (1989) A construction set for multimedia applications. IEEE Software 6:37–43
Jeffay K, Stone DL, Talley T, Smith FD (1992) Adaptive, best-effort delivery of digital audio and video across packet-switched networks. Proc 3rd International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, San Diego, pp 3–14
Lesley IM, McAuley D, Mullender SJ (1993) PEGASUS-operating systems support for distributed multimedia systems. ACM Operating Syst Review 27:1, 69–78
Little TDC, Ghafoor A (1991) Scheduling of bandwidth-constrained multimedia traffic. Proc 2nd International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, Heidelberg, pp 120–131
Director version 20, MacroMind (1990) (authoring tool for the Apple Macintosh)
Rangan PV, Vin H (1991) Designing file systems for digital video and audio. ACM Operating Syst Review 25:81–94
Rossum G van, Jansen J, Mullender KS, Bulterman DCA (1993) CMIFed: A presentation environment for portable hypermedia documents. Proc ACM Multimedia '93, Anaheim, Calif., pp 183–188
Tokuda H, Nakajima T, Rao P (1990) Real-time Mach: towards a predictable real-time system. Proc USENIX Mach Workshop, pp 213–220
Topolcic C (1990) Experimental internet stream protocol, Version 2 (ST-II). Internet RFC 1190
Verma D, Ferrari D (1990) A scheme for real-time channel establishment in wide-area networks. IEEE JSAC 8:368–379
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bulterman, D.C.A. Specification and support of adaptable networked multimedia. Multimedia Systems 1, 68–76 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01213485
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01213485