Abstract
A study has been made of the elevated temperature degradation of a number of carbon fibre types coated with nickel by a variety of methods (electroless, electrolytic, carbonyl and physical vapour deposition). At high temperatures, Ni-coated fibres undergo a transformation of structure to crystalline graphite with a consequent loss of strength and elastic modulus. Resistance to this recrystallization is related to the fibre type and structure and increases in the order HTS PAN-based, HM PAN-based, HM rayon-based. For PAN-based fibres the resistance increases with the degree of structural order and orientation. The recrystallization of HTS fibres is consistent with a simple model of dissolution and reprecipitation controlled by diffusion of carbon in nickel. To explain the higher stability of HM fibres an additional factor must be introduced. For example, their behaviour can be explained in terms of a highly stable surface layer between about 0.1 and 0.5μm thick. Rapid recrystallization occurs when the nickel breaks through this layer e.g. by dissolution. The recrystallization was not greatly affected by the type of nickel coating but the recrystallization temperature of HM fibres was considerably reduced by a small proportion of air in the heat-treatment atmosphere. HTS fibres were not affected in this way but the fibres were severely weakened through surface attack by both air and hydrogen at temperatures well below the recrystallization temperature.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
F. S. Galasso andJ. Pinto,Fibre Sci. Tech. 2 (1970) 303.
D. M. Braddick, P. W. Jackson andP. J. Walker,J. Mater. Sci. 6 (1971) 419.
P. W. Jackson andJ. R. Marjoram,ibid. 5 (1970) 9.
S. V. Barnett, S. J. Harris andJ. F. Weaver,Faraday Special Discussions of the Chem. Soc., No. 2 (1972) 144.
S. Sarian,J. Mater. Sci. 8 (1973) 251.
I. Shiota andO. Watanabe,J. Jap. Inst. Metals 38 (1974) 794.
P. J. Goodhew, A. J. Clarke andJ. E. Bailey,Mater. Sci. Eng. 17 (1975) 3.
R. Warren andM. Carlsson, “Proceedings of the V International Conference on Chemical Vapour Deposition”, edited by Blocher and Hintermann (The Electrochem. Soc., Princeton N. J., 1975) p. 611.
R. B. Barclay andW. Bonfield,J. Mater. Sci. 6 (1971) 1076.
J. W. Dini andP. R. Coronado,Plating 54 (1967) 385.
H. D. Blakelock andD. R. Lovell, 24th Annual Technical Conference on Reinforced Plastics/Composites Division, Section 6-B (Soc. Plastics Ind., Inc. USA, 1969) p. 1.
D. J. Thorne andA. J. Price,Fibre Sci. Tech. 4 (1971) 9.
R. Warren andJ. Wood, “Reactivity of Solids” edited by J. Wood, O. Lindqvist, C. Helgesson and N. G. Vannerberg, (Plenum, London and New York, 1977) p. 779.
J. J. Lander, H. E. Kern andA. L. Beach,J. Appl. Phys. 23 (1952) 1305.
W. B. Dunn, R. B. McLellan andW. A. Oates,Trans. AIME 242 (1968) 2129.
F. Tuinstra andJ. L. Koenig,J. Composite Mater. 4 (1970) 492.
R. J. Diefendorf andE. W. Tokarsky, AFML-TR-72-133, parts I and II.
B. J. Wicks andR. A. Coyle,J. Mater. Sci. 11 (1976) 376.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Warren, R., Anderson, C.H. & Carlsson, M. High-temperature compatibility of carbon fibres with nickel. J Mater Sci 13, 178–188 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00739289
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00739289