Summary
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1.
The contractile sensitivity of spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) foregut muscles to acetylcholine and glutamate was examined. Muscles were of three types: Class I, sensitive only to acetylcholine; Class II, sensitive only to glutamate; and Class III, sensitive to both acetylcholine and glutamate.
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2.
Foregut muscles of Maine lobsters (Homarus americanus), west coast crabs (Cancer magister), blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), and rock crabs (Cancer borealis andirroratus) were tested for sensitivity to acetylcholine and glutamate. In general, homologous muscles in all species showed similar contractile sensitivity to either acetylcholine, glutamate, or both, except that inCallinectes, andC. irroratus andborealis acetylcholine sensitivity in muscles of Class III was reduced or absent.
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3.
Both glutamate and acetylcholine produce depolarizations of similar magnitude in the same muscle fibers of dually sensitive muscles. Estimated reversal potentials obtained by extrapolation of glutamate and acetylcholine activated depolarizations are in both cases above −20 mV.
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Acetylcholine. receptors are distributed diffusely on fibers of dually sensitive muscles while glutamate receptors are localized to discrete foci.
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Blockade of synaptic transmission by alteration of divalent cation concentrations does not block depolarizations of acetylcholine or glutamate.
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6.
Cholinergic blockers do not block synaptic transmission to dually sensitive muscles, nor do they diminish glutamate depolarizations.
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The results indicate that dually sensitive muscle fibers probably receive glutamatergic innervation while acetylcholine receptors are distributed extra-junctionally.
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8.
The best transmitter candidate for the LG, MG, and DG neurons of the decapod stomatogastric ganglion is glutamate. Thus, all intrinsic muscles of the decapod foregut receive glutamatergic innervation, while extrinsic muscles receive cholinergic innervation.
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Most of this work was done at the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the PhD requirements of the Department of Biology, and was supported by NIH grants GM 00336, MH14281, NS-10614 (to D.L. Barker), USPHS Biomedical Science Grant 5 S07 RR-7080-11 to the University of Oregon and a Sigma Xi research grant-in-aid. Some experiments were completed during a Muscular Dystrophy Association Postdoctoral Fellowship at Brandeis University with the support of NSF grant BNS 78-15399 and the McKnight Foundation (to E. Marder). I would like to thank David Barker and Eve Marder for their interest and encouragement. I would also like to thank Eve Marder and Judith Eisen for participation in some of the experiments shown in Fig. 7.
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Lingle, C. The sensitivity of decapod foregut muscles to acetylcholine and glutamate. J. Comp. Physiol. 138, 187–199 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00657037
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00657037