Abstract
The solubility of Cd(OH)2(c) was studied in 0.01M NaClO4 solutions, from both the over- and the undersaturation directions, with OH− ion concentration ranging from 10−6 to 1.0 mol-L−1, and the equilibration period ranging from 2 to 28 days. Equilibrium Cd concentrations were reached in less than 2 days. The Cd(OH)2(c) solubility showed an amphoteric behavior. In the entire range of OH−/H+ investigated, the only dominant aqueous Cd(II) species required to explain the solubility of Cd(OH)2(c) are Cd2+, Cd(OH) 02 , and Cd(OH) 2−4 . The logarithms of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of the Cd(OH)2(c) solubility reactions involving these species, that is, the reactions
were found to be −14.14±0.21, −7.04±0.21, and −5.62±0.32, respectively. The ion-interaction parameters reported in the literature, in conjunction with the values for Cd(OH) 02 −Na+(−0.20), Cd(OH) 2−4 −Na+ (β0 = 0.41, β1 = 0.7), and Cd(OH) 2−4 −K+ (β0 = 0.44, β1 = 1.44) obtained in this study, show that our low-ionic strength solubility data are also consistent with Cd(OH)2(c) solubility data obtained in solutions as concentrated as 10M in NaOH or KOH and 7M in Na(OH, ClO4).
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
C. F. Baes, Jr. and R. E. Mesmer,The Hydrolysis of Cations (Wiley, New York, 1976).
P. Schindler,Helvetica Chimica Acta 42, 2736 (1959).
D. Dyrssen and P. Lumme,Acta Chemica Scandinavica 16, 1785 (1962).
A. O. Gubeli and R. Taillon,Helvetica Chimica Acta 54, 2559 (1971).
D. E. Ryan, J. R. Dean, and R. M. Cassidy,Can. J. Chem. 43, 999 (1965).
D. Rai,Radiochim. Acta 35, 97 (1984).
D. Rai, A. R. Felmy, and D. A. Moore,Inorg. Chem. (submitted).
NONLIN, developed by A. R. Felmy, uses the MINPACK nonlinear least-squares programs in combination with a chemical equilibrium program based on the Gibbs free-energy minimization procedure of Ref. 9. The mathematical development has been outlined by Ref. 10.
C. E. Harvie, J. P. Greenberg, and J. H. Weare,Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1045 (1987).
C. E. Harvie, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California-San Diego (1981).
D. P. Wagman, W. H. Evans, V. B. Parker, R. H. Schumm, I. Halow, S. M. Bailey, K. L. Churney, and R. L. Nuttall,J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11, Supplement 2 American Chemical Society and the American Institute for Physics, New York, 1982).
C. E. Harvie, N. Moeller, and J. H. Weare,Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 723 (1984).
C. W. Davies,Ion Association (Butterworths, London, 1962).
K. S. Pitzer,J. Phys. Chem. 77, 268 (1973).
K. S. Pitzer,Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1979).
K. S. Pitzer and G. Mayorga,J. Phys. Chem. 77, 2300 (1973).
H. Kim and W. J. Frederick,J. Chem. Eng. Data 33, 177 (1988).
A. R. Felmy, D. Rai, J. A. Schramke, and J. L. Ryan,Radiochim. Acta 48, 29 (1989).
A. R. Felmy and J. H. Weare,Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 2771 (1986).
T. P. Dirkse, ed.,Solubility Data Series Volume 23: Copper, Silver, Gold and Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury Oxides and Hydroxides (Pergamon Press, New York, 1986).
K. H. Gayer and L. Woontner,J. Phys. Chem. 61, 364 (1957).
J. Piater,Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 174, 321 (1928).
L. G. Sillen and A. E. Martell,Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes, Special Publication 25 (Chemical Society, London, 1964).
S. A. Rozentsveig, B. V. Ershler, E. L. Shtrum, and M. M. Ostanina,Trudy Soveschaniya Elektrochim. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Otdel, Khim. Nauk 571 (1950).
P. E. Lake and J. M. Goodings,Can. J. Chem. 36, 1089 (1958).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rai, D., Felmy, A.R. & Szelmeczka, R.W. Hydrolysis constants and ion-interaction parameters for Cd(II) in zero to high concentrations of NaOH−KOH, and the solubility product of crystalline Cd(OH)2 . J Solution Chem 20, 375–390 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650764
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650764