Summary
Development of spruce shoot aphid (Cinara pilicornis Hartig) populations was monitored in natural and artificial infestations of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) seedlings, exposed to air pollutants in an experimental field. The pollutants, applied both singly and in mixtures, were gaseous sulphur dioxide, NaF (30 mg l-1 F) and Ca(NO3)2 or (NH4)2SO4 in aqueous solutions (200 mg l-1 N). Aphid numbers on 10 seedlings in each treatment and two control plots were counted at 2-week intervals. At the beginning of the experiment aphid numbers did not differ between treatments. Aphid populations peaked in late June and early July. All the pollutants and their combinations significantly increased the numbers of aphids per seedling. Four apterous females were transferred to spruce seedlings which were growing in containers in the same plots. After 4–5 weeks aphid numbers were significantly higher in the fluoride treatment and in the combined treatment of fluoride, nitrogen and SO2. The pollution treatments did not have a significant effect on shoot growth. Concentrations of F and S in needles were higher in treatments involving these pollutants. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of free amino acids in shoot stems between control and fluoride treatment. However, the relatively low concentration of arginine in the F treatment at the end of the growing season might indicate disturbances in the nitrogen metabolism of spruce seedlings.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bolsinger M, Fluckiger W (1987) Enhanced aphid infestation at motorways: the role of ambient air pollution. Entomol Exp Appl 45:237–243
Bolsinger M, Fluckiger W (1989) Ambient air pollution induced changes in amino acid pattern of phloem sap in host plants —relevance to aphid infestation. Environ Poll 56:209–216
Braun S, Fluckiger W (1989) Effect of ambient ozone and acid mist on aphid development. Environ Poll 56:177–187
Breslow NE (1984) Extra-Poisson variation in log-linear models. Appl Statist 33:38–44
Cates RG, Redak RA, Henderson CB (1983) Patterns in defensive natural product chemistry within and among populations of Douglas-fir affecting western spruce budworm success. In: Hedin PA (ed) Plant Resistance to Insects, American Chemical Society Symposium 208. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 3–20
Cockfield SD (1988) Relative availibility of nitrogen in host plants of invertebrate herbivores: three possible nutritional and physiological conditions. Oecologia 77:91–94
Dohmen GP (1985) Secondary effects of air pollution: Enhanced aphid growth. Environ Poll 39:227–234
Dohmen GP, McNeill S, Bell JN (1984) Air pollution increases Aphis fabae pest potential. Nature 307:52–53
Dreyer DL, Jones KG (1981) Feeding deterrency of flavonoids and related phenolics towards Schizaphis graminum and Myzus persicae: aphid feeding deterrents in wheat. Phytochem 20:2489–2493
Durzan DJ (1968) Nitrogen metabolism of Picea glauca. II. Diurnal changes of free amino acids, amides, and guanidino compounds in roots, buds, and leaves during the onset of dormancy of white spruce saplings. Can J Bot 46:921–937
Feir D, Hale R (1983a) Growth and reproduction of an insect model in controlled mixtures of air pollutants. Int J Environ Stud 20:223–228
Feir D, Hale R (1983b) Responses of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) to high levels of air pollutants. Int J Environ Stud 20:269–273
Fisher M (1987) The effect of previously infested spruce needles on the growth of the green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum, and the effect of the aphid on the amino acid balance of the host plant. Ann Appl Biol 111:33–41
Heliövaara K, Väisänen R (1986a) Parasitization in Petrova resinella (Lepidoptera, Torticidae) galls in relation to industrial air pollutants. Silva Fenn 20:233–236
Heliövaara K, Väisänen R (1986b) Industrial air pollution and the pine bark bug, Aradus cinnamomeus Panz. (Het., Aradidae). J Appl Ent 101:469–478
Heliövaara K, Väisänen R (1988) Interactions among herbivores in three polluted pine stands. Silva Fenn 22:283–292
Hughes PR, Chiment JJ, Dickie AI (1985) Effect of pollutant dose on the response of Mexican bean beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to SO2-induced changes in soybean. Environ Entomol 14:718–721
Jäger HJ, Grill D (1975) Einfluss von SO2 und HF auf freie Aminosäuren der Fichte (Picea abies, Karsten). Eur J For Path 5:279–286
KariT, KauranenP, AlhavaE (1976) Effect of drinking water fluoridation on the fluoride content of human bone in and around Kuopio, Central Finland. Analytical study. Publ Univ Kuopio, Commun Health Ser, Orig Rep 1:1–15
Kemp AW (1987) Families of discrete distributions satisfying Taylor's power law. Biometrics 43:693–699
Lawless JF (1987) Negative binomial and mixed Poisson regression. Can J Statist 15:209–225
Lechowicz MJ (1987) Resource allocation by plants under air pollution stress. Implications for plant-pest-pathogen interactions. Bot Rev 53:281–300
Lehtiö H (1981) Effect of air pollution on the volatile oil in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Silva Fenn 15:122–129
Malhotra SS, Khan AA (1984) Biochemical and physiological impact of major pollutants. In: Treshow M (ed) Air pollution and plant life. John Wiley and Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto pp 113–157
Malhotra SS, Sankar SK (1979) Effects of sulphur dioxide on sugar and free amino-acid content of pine seedlings. Physiol Plant 47:223–228
McCullagh P, Nelder JA (1983) Generalized linear models. Chapman and Hall, London
Neuvonen S, Lindgren M (1987) The effect of simulated acid rain on performance of the aphid Euceraphis betulae (Koch) on Silver birch. Oecologia 74:77–80
Niemelä P, Mannila R, Mäntsälä P (1982) Deterrent in Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, influencing feeding behaviour of the larvae of Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Ann Ent Fenn 48:57–59
Oksanen J, Läärä E, Huttunen P, Meriläinen J (1990) Maximum likelihood prediction of lake pH according to sedimented diatoms, and an analysis of its performance. J Veget Sci 1:49–56
Payne CD (ed) (1986) The GLIM system release 3.77 manual. Numerical Algorithms Group. Oxford
Przybylski Z (1979) The effects of automobile exhaust gases on the arthropods of cultivated plants, meadows and orchards. Environ Pollut 19:157–161
Rose AF, Jones KC, Haddon WF, Dreyer DL (1981) Grindelane diterpene acids from Grindelia humilis: feeding deterrency of diterpene acids towards aphids. Phytochem 20:2249–2253
Sierpinski Z (1985) Luftverunreinigungen und Forstschädlinge. Z Ang Entomol 99:1–6
Small H, Stevens TS, Bauman WC (1975) A novel ion exchange chromatographic method using conductimetric detection. Anal Chem 47:1801–1809
Spencer HJ, Port GR (1988) Effects of roadside conditions on plants and insects. II. Soil conditions. J Appl Ecol 25:709–715
Thalenhorst W (1974) Untersuchungen uber den Einfluss fluorhaltiger Abgase auf die Disposition der Fichte für den befall Durch die Gallenlaus Sacchiphantes abietis (L.) Z Pflkrankh Pflschuz 81:717–727
Trumble JT, Hare JD, Musselman RG, McCool PM (1987) Ozone-induced changes in host-plant suitability: Interactions of Keiferia lycopersicella and Lycopersicon esculentum. J Chem Ecol 13:203–218
Villemant C (1981) Influence de la pollution atmosphérique sur les populations d'aphides du pin sylvestre en forêt de Roumare (Seine-Maritime). Environ Pollut (Ser A) 24:245–262
Warrington S (1987) Relationship between sulphur dioxide dose and growth of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, on peas. Environ Pollut 43:155–162
Warrington S, Cottam DA, Whittaker JB (1989) Effects of insect damage on photosynthesis, transpiration and SO2 uptake by sycamore. Oecologia 80:136–139
Wellings PW, Dixon AFG. (1987) Sycamore aphid numbers and population density. III. The role of aphid induced changes in plant quality. J Anim Ecol 56:161–170
White TCR (1984) The abundance of invertebrate herbivores in relation to the avaibility of nitrogen in stressed food plants. Oecologia 63:90–105
Wiackowski SK (1978) Wplyw prezemyslowych zanieczysczen powietrza na entomofagi skosnika tuzinka (Exoteleia dodecella L.) i mszyc oraz na inne owady wystepujace na sosnie w okolicy Tomaszowa Maz. Folia For Polon A 23:175–187
Wulff A, Ropponen L, Kärenlampi L (1990) Causes of conifer injuries in some industrial environments. In: Kauppi P, Kenttämies K, Anttila P (eds) Acidification in Finland. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 669–690
Zwiazek JJ, Shay JM (1988) The effects of sodium fluoride on cytoplasmic leakage and the lipid and fatty acid composition of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings. Can J Bot 66:535–541
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Holopainen, J.K., Kainulainen, E., Oksanen, J. et al. Effect of exposure to fluoride, nitrogen compounds and SO2 on the numbers of spruce shoot aphids on Norway spruce seedlings. Oecologia 86, 51–56 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317388
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317388