Abstract
Many herbicides inhibit the photosynthetic electron transfer in photosystem II by binding to the polypeptide D1. A point mutation in the chloroplast gene psbA, which leads to a change of the amino acid residue 264 of D1 from serine to glycine, is responsible for atrazine resistance in higher plants. We have changed serine 264 to glycine in Synechococcus PCC7942 and compared its phenotype to a mutant with a serine to alanine shift in the same position. The results show that glycine at position 264 in D1 gives rise to a similar phenotype in cyanobacteria and in higher plants, indicating a similar structure of the binding site for herbicides and for the quinone QB in the two systems. A possible mode of binding of phenyl-urea herbicides to D1 is predicted from the difference in herbicidal cross-resistance between glycine and alanine substitutions of serine 264.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- DCPIP:
-
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
- I50 :
-
concentration of herbicide giving 50% inhibition
- Kb :
-
binding constant
- kb:
-
kilobase
- MES:
-
2(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
- PS II:
-
photosystem II
References
Allen J P, Feher G, Yeates O, Komiya H and Rees D C (1987) Structure of the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26: the cofactors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5730–5734
Arntzen C J, Pfister K and Steinback K E (1982) The mechanism of chloroplast triazine resistance: alterations in the site of herbicide action. In: LeBaron H M and Gressel J (eds), Herbicide Resistance in Plants, pp 185–214. New York: John Wiley and Sons
Barber J (1987) Rethinking the structure of the photosystem two reaction centre Trends Biochem Sci 12: 123–187
Brusslan J and Haselkorn R (1987) Herbicide resistance in the psbA multigene family of Synechococcus PCC 7942. In: von Wettstein D and Chua N H (eds) Plant Molecular Biology, pp 367–375 New York: Plenum Publ
Bryant D (1986) The cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus: comparisons to those of higher plant and photosynthetic bacteria. In: Platt T and Li W K W (eds) Photosynthetic Picoplankton. Canad Bull Fisheries Aquatic Sci 214: 423–500
Curtis S F and Haselkorn R (1984) Isolation, sequence and expression of two members of the 32kd thylakoid membrane protein gene family from the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. Plant Mol Biol 3: 249–258
Deisenhofer J, Epp O, Miki K, Huber R and Michel H (1985) Structure of the protein subunits in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3A resolution. Nature 318: 619–624
Erickson J M, Rochaix J-D and Delepelaire P (1985) Analysis of genes encoding two photosystem II proteins of the 30–34 KD size class. In: Steinback K E, Bonitz S, Arntzen C J and Bogorad L (eds) Molecular Biology of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, pp 53–65 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Erickson J M, Rahire M, Bennoun P, Delepelaire P, Diner B and Rochaix J-D (1984) Herbicide resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii results from a mutation in the chloroplast gene for the 32-kilodalton protein of photosystem II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 3617–3621
Golden S S and Haselkorn R (1985) Mutation to herbicide resistance maps within the psbA gene of Anacystis nidulans R2. Science 229: 1104–1107
Golden S S, Brusslan J and Haselkorn R (1986) Expression of a family of psbA genes encoding a photosystem II polypeptide in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. EMBO J 5: 2789–2798
Hearst J E (1986) Primary structure and function of the reaction center polypeptides of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata-structural and functional analogies with the photosystem II polypeptides of plants. In: Staehelin L A and Arntzen C J (eds) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology Vol 19, Photosynthesis III pp 82–389, Berlin: Springer Verlag
Hirschberg J and McIntosh L (1983) Molecular basis of herbicide resistance in Amaranthus hybridus. Science 222: 1346–1348
Hirschberg J, Bleecker A, Kyle D J, McIntosh L and Arntzen C J (1984) The molecular basis of triazine herbicide resistance in higher plant chloroplasts. Z. Naturforsch 39c: 412–420
Hirschberg J, Ben-Yehuda A, Pecker I and Ohad N (1987a) Mutations resistant to photosystem II herbicides. In: von Wettstein D and Chua N H (eds) Plant Molecular Biology, pp 357–366. New York: Plenum Publ
Hirschberg J, Ohad N, Pecker I and Rahat A (1987b) Isolation and characterization of herbicide resistance mutants in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2. Z. Naturforsch 42c: 758–761
Jansson C, Debus R J, Osiewacz H D, Gurevitz M and McIntosh L (1987) Construction of an obligate photoheterotrophic mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Plant Physiol 85: 1021–1025
Johanningmeier U and Hallick R B (1987) The psbA gene of DCMU-resistant Euglena gracilis has an amino acid substitution at serine codon 265. Curr Genet 12: 465–470
Kuhn M, Thiel A and Böger P (1986) Binding of phenylglyoxal to the herbicide-binding protein. Physiol Veg 24: 485–470
Maniatis T, Fritsch E F and Sambrook J (1982) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Mannual. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Publications.
Michel H and Deisenhofer J (1986) X-ray diffraction studies on a crsytalline bacterial photosynthetic reaction center: A progress report and conclusions on the structure of photosystem II reaction centers. In: Staehelin LA and Arntzen C J (eds) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology Vol 19, Photosynthesis III pp 371–381 Berlin: Springer Verlag
Michel H and Deisenhofer J (1988) Relevance of the photosynthetic reaction center from purple bacteria to the structure of photosystem II. Biochem 27: 1–7
Michel H, Epp O and Deisenhofer J (1986) Pigment-protein interactions in the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. EMBO J 5: 2445–2451
Mulligan B, Schultes N, Chen L and Bogorad L (1984) Nucleotide sequence of multiple-copy gene for the B protein of photosystem II of a cyanobacterium. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 81: 2693–2697
Nakamaye K L and Eckstein F (1986) Inhibition of restriction endonuclease NciI cleavage by phosphorothiate groups and its application to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Nuc Acid Res 14: 9679–9698
Nanba M L and Satoh K (1987) Isolation of a photosystem II reaction center consisting of D-1 and D-2 polypeptides and cytochrome b-559. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 109–112
Ohad N, Pecker I and Hirschberg J (1987) Biochemical and molecular analyses of herbicide resistant mutants in cyanobacteria. In: Biggins J (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis Research, Vol III, pp 870–811 Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff
Paddock M L, Williams J C, Rongy S H, Abresch E C, Feher G and Okamura M Y (1987) Characterization of three herbicide resistant mutants of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeraides 2.4.1: structure-function relationship. In: Biggins J (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis research Vol III, pp 775–778. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff
Pfister K, Steinback K E, Gardner G and Arntzen C J (1981) Photoaffinity labeling of a herbicide receptor protein in chloroplast membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 981–985
Renger G (1986) Herbicide interaction of photosystem II: recent developements. Phsiol Veg 24: 509–521
Rochaix J-D and Erickson J M (1988) Function and assembly of photosystem II: Genetic and molecular analysis. Trend Biochem Sci 13: 56–59
Rutherford A W (1987) How close is the analogy between the reaction centre of PS II and that of purple bacteria? 2. The electron acceptor side. In: Biggins J (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis Research Vol I pp 277–283. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff
Sanger F, Nicklen S and Coulsen A R (1977) DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5463–5467
Sinning I and Michel H (1987) Sequence analysis of mutants from Rhodopseudomonas viridis resistant to the herbicide terbutryn. Z Naturforsch 42c: 751–754
Schönfeld M, Yaacoby T, Ben-Yehuda A, Rubin B and Hirschberg J (1987) Triazine resistance in Phalaris paradoxa: physiological and molecular analysis. Z Naturforsch 42c: 779–782
Thiel A and Böger P (1984) Comparative herbicide binding by photosynthetic membranes from resistant mutants. Pest Biochem Physiol 22: 232–242
Tischer W and Strotmann H (1977) Relationship between inhibitor binding by chloroplasts and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport. Biochim Biophys Acta 460: 113–125
Trebst A (1987) The three-dimensional structure of the herbicide binding niche on the reaction center polypeptides of photosystem II. Z Naturforsch 42c: 742–750
Trebst H and Depka B (1985) The architecture of photosystem II in plant photosynthesis. Which peptide subunits carry the reaction center of PS II? In: Michel-Beyerle (ed) Antennas and Reaction Centers in Photosynthetic Bacteria. pp 216–224. Berlin: Springer
Trebst A and Draber W (1979) Structural activity correlations of recent herbicides in photosynthetic reactions. In: Geissbuhler H (ed) Advances in Pesticide Science, Part 2 pp 223–234 Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press
Trebst A and Draber W (1986) Inhibitors of photosystem II and the topology of the herbicide and QB binding polypeptide in the thylakoid membrane. Photosyn Res 10: 381–392
Vermaas WFJ, Arntzen C J, Gu L-Q and Yu C-A (1983) Interactions of herbicides and azidoqunones at a photosystem II binding sity in the thylakoid membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 723: 266–275
Williams J G K and Szalay A A (1983) Stable integration of foreign DNA into the chromosome of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2. Gene 24: 37–51
Zoller M J and Smith M (1987) Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis: A simple method using two oligonucleotide primers and a single-stranded DNA template. Methods Enzym 154: 329–350
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ohad, N., Hirschberg, J. A similar structure of the herbicide binding site in photosystem II of plants and cyanobacteria is demonstrated by site specific mutagenesis of the psbA gene. Photosynth Res 23, 73–79 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00030065
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00030065