Abstract
The trophic status and water quality of Lake Tilitso (4920 m above sea level) in a high altitude region in central Nepal were surveyed in September, 1984. The lake is rather large with a maximum depth of 95 m and a surface area of 10.2 km2. The lake water was turbid due to glacier silt and the euphotic layer was only 5 m deep. The nutrient concentration was very low with total phosphorus concentration 1–6 µg l−1, and DTN concentration 0.10–0.22 mg l−1. The phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a concentration were also low. Primary production was estimated to be about 12 mg C m−2 d−1. The concentrations of particulate matter and most cations and bacterial number were higher in the epilimnion than in the hypolimnion. The trophic status of this lake was estimated as ultraoligotrophic.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Aizaki, M., A. Otsuki, T. Fukushima, M. Hosomi & K. Muraoka, 1981. Application of Carlson's trophic state index to Japanese lakes and relationships between the index and other parameters. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 21: 675–681.
Aizaki, M., 1985. Total number of bacteria as a trophic state index. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 22: 2732–2738.
Carlson, R. E., 1977. A trophic state index for lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 361–369.
Fabris, G. L. & U. T. Hammer, 1975. Primary production in four small lakes in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 19: 530–541.
Hama, T., T. Miyazaki, Y. Ogawa, T. Iwakuma, M. Takahashi, A. Otsuki & S. Ichimura, 1983. Measurement of photosynthetic production of marine phytoplankton population using a stable 13C isotope. Mar. Biol. 73: 31–36.
Löffler, H., 1969. High altitude lakes in Mt. Everest region. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 17: 373–385.
Martinez-Silvestre, R., 1975. First report on the limnology of the alpine lakes La Caldera, in the Penibetic Mountains (Sierra Nevada, Granada, Spain). Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 19: 1133–1139.
Massey, J., 1981. Physicochemical influences on phytoplankton production in a tropical alpine lake. Arch. Hydrobiol. 91: 133–143.
Nojiri, Y., T. Kawai, A. Otsuki & K. Fuwa, 1985. Simultaneous multielement determination of trace metals in lake water by ICP emission spectrometory with preconcentration and their background levels in Japan. Water Res. 19: 503–509.
Otsuki, A., T. Iwakuma, T. Kawai & M. Aizaki, 1984. Recent trend in eutrophication of Lake Kasumigaura. Res. Rep. Natl. Inst. Environ. Stud. R-51: 1–10 (in Japanese).
Rodhe, W., J. E. Hobbie & R. T. Wright, 1966. Phototrophy and heterotrophy in high mountain lakes. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 16: 302–313.
Stout, V. M., 1969. Lakes in the mountain region of Canterbury, New Zealand. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 17: 404–413.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aizaki, M., Terashima, A., Nakahara, H. et al. Trophic status of Tilitso, a high altitude Himalayan lake. Hydrobiologia 153, 217–224 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007208
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007208