Abstract
Since images leveraged with pertinent information demonstrates a promising involvement in many field of researches such as medical imaging, microscopic imaging, soft computing, smart cities, network transmission, military areas, feature extraction, object identification and tracking, remote sensing, geographical areas, classification, and so on. Whereas, image fusion schemes yields an informative image via integration of two or more than two partly focused images. Universal image fusion technique design is not possible in practical. Each image fusion technique has its own limitations as well as specific application advantages. In this research paper, authors have analyzed five fusion techniques namely guided filtering-based image fusion technique (IFGF), image fusion relied on image matting-based technique (IFIM), image fusion relied on focused region detection (IFFRD), image fusion technique centered on boundary finding (IFBF), and convolution neural network-based fusion technique (CNN). Two performance metrics, i.e., MI and FMI, have been considered to test the performance results. For metric MI, the best performing method is IFBF with a value of 1.144. For FMI metric, the method with best performance is IFBF with a value of 0.666. Lytro multi-focus color image dataset has been used to perform this experimentation work.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vishwakarma A, Bhuyan MK, Sarma D, Bora K (2019) Multi-focus image fusion using sparse representation and modified difference. In: Deka B, Maji P, Mitra S, Bhattacharyya D, Bora P, Pal S (eds) Pattern recognition and machine intelligence. PReMI 2019. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 11941. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34869-4_52
Hayat N, Imran M (2019) Ghost-free multi exposure image fusion technique using dense SIFT descriptor and guided filter. J Vis Commun Image Represent 62:295–308
Li L, Ma H, Jia Z, Si Y (2021) A novel multiscale transform decomposition based multi-focus image fusion framework. Multimedia Tools Appl 1–21
Wang H, Li C, Guan T, Zhao S (2021) No-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment using quaternion wavelet transform and heterogeneous ensemble learning. Displays 69:102058
Wang X, Bai S, Li Z, Sui Y, Tao J (2021) The PAN and MS image fusion algorithm based on adaptive guided filtering and gradient information regulation. Inf Sci 545:381–402
Preethi S, Aishwarya P (2021). An efficient wavelet-based image fusion for brain tumor detection and segmentation over PET and MRI image. Multimedia Tools Appl 1–18
Duan J, Chen L, Chen CLP (2018) Multifocus image fusion with enhanced linear spectral clustering and fast depth map estimation. Neurocomputing 318:43–54
Ma B, Zhu Y, Yin X. Ban X, Huang H, Mukeshimana M (2020) Sesf-fuse: an unsupervised deep model for multi-focus image fusion. Neural Comput Appl 1–12
Dogra A, Goyal B, Agrawal S (2018) Osseous and digital subtraction angiography image fusion via various enhancement schemes and Laplacian pyramid transformations. Futur Gener Comput Syst 82:149–157
Khare A, Khare, M, Srivastava R (2021) Shearlet transform based technique for image fusion using median fusion rule. Multimedia ToolsAppl 1–32
Ch MMI, Riaz MM, Iltaf N, Ghafoor A, Ahmad A (2019) Weighted image fusion using cross bilateral filter and non-subsampled contourlet transform. Multidimension Syst Signal Process 30(4):2199–2210
Kaur H, Koundal D, Kadyan V (2021) Image Fusion Techniques: A Survey. Arch Computat Methods Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-021-09540-7
Liu S, Wang J, Lu Y, Li H, Zhao J, Zhu Z (2019) Multi-focus image fusion based on adaptive dual-channel spiking cortical model in nonsubsampled shearlet domain. IEEE Access 7:56367–56388
Aymaz S, Köse C (2019) A novel image decomposition-based hybrid technique with super-resolution method for multi-focus image fusion. Inf Fusion 45:113–127
Li S, Kang X, Hu J (2013) Image fusion with guided filtering. IEEE Trans Image Process 22(7):2864–2875
Chen J, Li X, Luo L, Ma J (2021) Multi-focus image fusion based on multi-scale gradients and image matting. IEEE Trans Multimedia. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2021.3057493
Qiu X, Li M, Zhang L, Yuan X (2019) Guided filter-based multi-focus image fusion through focus region detection.’ Signal Process Image Commun 72:35–46
Liu Y, Chen X, Peng H, Wang Z (2017) Multi-focus image fusion with a deep convolutional neural network. Inf Fusion 36:191–207
Du C, Gao S, Liu Y, Gao B (2019) ‘Multi-focus image fusion using deep support value convolutional neural network.’ Optik 176:567–578
Ma J, Zhou Z, Wang B, Dong M (2017) Multi-focus image fusion based on multi-scale focus measures and generalized random walk. In: 36th Chinese control conference (CCC). https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8028223
Li S, Kang X, Hu J (2013) Image matting for fusion of multi-focus images in dynamic scenes. Inf Fusion 14(2):147–162
Zhang Y, Bai X, Wang T (2017) Boundary finding based multi-focus image fusion through multi-scale morphological focus-measure. Inf. Fusion 35:81–101
Hossny M, Nahavandi S, Creighton D (2008) Comments on ‘Information measure for performance of image fusion.’ Electron Lett 44(18):1066–1067
Haghighat M, Razian MA (2014) Fast-FMI: non-reference image fusion metric. In: Proceedings of IEEE 8th international conference on Appl. Inf. Commun. Technol. (AICT), Oct. 2014, pp. 1–3
Lytro Image Dataset. Accessed on 5 October, 2020. [Online]. https://mansournejati.ece.iut.ac.ir/content/lytro-multi-focus-dataset
Xu D, Wang Y, Xu S, Zhu K, Zhang N, Zhang X (2020) Infrared and visible image fusion with a generative adversarial network and a residual network. Appl Sci 10(2):554. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020554
Chen Q, Yang B, Li Y, Pang L (2020) Multi-focus image fusion with point detection filter and superpixel-based consistency verification. IEEE Access 8:99956–99973. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2997370
Haghighat MB, Aghagolzadeh A, Seyedarabi H (2011) A non-reference image fusion metric based on mutual information of image features. Comput Electr Eng 37(5):744–756
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Singh, V., Kaushik, V.D. (2022). A Study of Multi-Focus Image Fusion: State-Of-The-Art Techniques. In: Tiwari, S., Trivedi, M.C., Kolhe, M.L., Mishra, K., Singh, B.K. (eds) Advances in Data and Information Sciences. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 318. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5689-7_49
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5689-7_49
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-5688-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-5689-7
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)