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Antarctic Microfungi

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Enigmatic Microorganisms and Life in Extreme Environments

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Habitats ((COLE,volume 1))

Abstract

Antarctica is the continent of microorganisms, as they are the ecologically dominant organisms both in the ocean and on dry land (Friedmann, 1993). About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice. Ice-free zones occur in the Antarctic Peninsula and in scattered coastal areas, such as along the Trans-Antarctic mountains (Claridge and Campbell, 1985), the most important being the Ross Desert in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. These ice-free areas have also been called “oases” (Pickard, 1986). Although some microorganisms are able to grow on ice, like some yeasts (Sinclair and Stokes, 1965), or survive in ice, like some microfungi and bacteria (Abyzov, 1993), the colonization of microorganisms is mainly limited to the ice-free zones. Factors affecting the possibility of microbial colonization are: viable propagules, suitable transport mechanisms, suitable micro-habitats, and successful growth and reproduction (Ellis-Evans and Walton, 1990). The suitability of micro-habitats depends mainly on climate which controls before everything water availability, and on the presence of suitable substrata. The macroclimate affects both the microclimate and the presence of primary producers, a fundamental source of substrata for fungi.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Silvano Onofri

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Joseph Seckbach

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Onofri, S. (1999). Antarctic Microfungi. In: Seckbach, J. (eds) Enigmatic Microorganisms and Life in Extreme Environments. Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Habitats, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4838-2_26

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4838-2_26

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