Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are phylogenetically conserved signaling molecules that belong to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily [1–4]. Although these proteins were first identified by their capacity to promote endochondral bone formation [5–7], they are involved in the cascades of body patterning including nephrogenesis. Furthermore, BMPs play important roles after birth in pathophysiology of several diseases including osteoporosis [8], arthritis [5], pulmonary hypertension [9, 10], and kidney diseases [11–13]. Several BMPs are expressed in the kidney, and the expression level and pattern of each BMP varies dynamically during embryogenesis and kidney disease progression. BMP-7 is the most abundant BMP during kidney development [14], whereas the level of BMP-4, BMP-6 and BMP-7 are comparable in adult healthy kidneys (S. Yamada, unpublished data). BMP-2 is hardly detectable in developing and adult kidneys.
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Yanagita, M. (2008). Bone morphogenetic protein antagonists and kidney. In: Vukicevic, S., Sampath, K.T. (eds) Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: From Local to Systemic Therapeutics. Progress in Inflammation Research. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8552-1_12
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