Zusammenfassung
Globalisierung, zunehmender Wettbewerb, Instabilität sowie neue Kommunikations- und Informationstechnologien können verbunden mit Unschärfe zwischen privatem und professionellem Leben, gepaart mit Druck, unbeständigen sozialen Netzwerkstrukturen, Einzelpersonen an ihre Grenzen bringen. So scheint arbeitsbedingter Stress die Epidemie der modernen Gesellschaft zu sein, die nicht nur die Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter belastet, sondern auch volkswirtschaftliche Konsequenzen zur Folge hat. Gleichzeitig wird die Fähigkeit Stress, in einer sich ständig wandelnden Gesellschaft, zu bewältigen, als eine wichtige Voraussetzung zur Erhaltung der Gesundheit und der Produktivität bewertet. In diesem Kontext erfährt das Konzept der Achtsamkeit (mindfulness), welches sich bereits im Gesundheitssektor erfolgreich etabliert hat, seit einigen Jahren auch in Wirtschaft, Bildung und Politik vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über Geschichte, Definition, Methoden und Wirksamkeit der Achtsamkeit, um den Leser in das komplexe Thema einzuführen.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Aikens, K. A., Astin, J., Pelletier, K. R., Levanovich, K., Baase, C. M., Park, Y. Y., et al. (2014). Mindfulness goes to work: Impact of an online workplace intervention. Journal Occupational Environment Medicine American College Occupation Environment Medicine, 56, 721–731. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000209.
Allen, T. D., & Kiburz, K. M. (2012). Trait mindfulness and work–family balance among working parents: The mediating effects of vitality and sleep quality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 372–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.09.002.
Altner, N. (2007). Achtsamkeit in Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik: Haltung und Methode. Stuttgart: Schattauer Verlag.
Bazarko, D., Cate, R. A., Azocar, F., & Kreitzer, M. J. (2013). The impact of an innovative mindfulness-based stress reduction program on the health and well-being of nurses employed in a corporate setting. Journal Workplace Behaviour Health, 28, 107–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2013.779518.
Becke, G., Behrens, M., Bleses, P., Evers, J., & Hafkesbrink, J. (2011). Organisationale Achtsamkeit in betrieblichen Veränderungsprozessen–Zentrale Voraussetzung für innovationsfähige Vertrauenskulturen. https://www.uni-bremen.de/fileadmin/user_upload/sites/artec/Publikationen/artec_Paper/175_paper.pdf. Zugegriffen: 4. Dez. 2018.
Bishop, S. R. (2002). What do we really know about mindfulness-based stress reduction? Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 71–83.
Bohus, M., & Bathruff, H. (2000). Dialektisch Behaviorale Therapie der Borderline-Störung im stationären Setting. PiD – Psychother. Im Dialog, 1, 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-16703.
Brooker, J. E., Webber, L., Julian, J., Shawyer, F., Graham, A. L., Chan, J., et al. (2014). Mindfulness-based training shows promise in assisting staff to reduce their use of restrictive interventions in residential services. Mindfulness, 5, 598–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0306-2.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.
Carmona-Torres, J. A., Kohls, N., Hood, R. W., Silver, C. F., & Walach, H. (2018). The association between different spiritual practices and the occurrence of exceptional human experiences in a non-clinical sample. Journal for the Study of Spirituality, 8(1), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/20440243.2018.143103554.
Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapeutics Research, 32, 303–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9119-0.
Chanowitz, B., & Langer, E. J. (1981). Premature cognitive commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 1051–1063.
Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: A review and meta-analysis. Journal Alternatives Complementary Medicine, 15, 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0495.
Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.003.
Dane, E., & Brummel, B. J. (2014). Examining workplace mindfulness and its relations to job performance and turnover intention. Human Relations, 67, 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713487753.
Dietrich, A. (2003). Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis. Consciousness and Cognition, 12, 231–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8100(02)00046-6.
Doubrawa, E., & Staemmler, F.-M. (2003). Heilende Beziehung: Dialogische Gestalttherapie (2. Aufl.). Wuppertal: Peter Hammer Verlag.
Feinberg, C. (2010). Mindfulness – The unconventional research of psychologist Ellen Langer. Havard Magazine. https://harvardmagazine.com/2010/09/the-mindfulness-chronicles. Zugegriffen: 4. Dez. 2018.
Flook, L., Goldberg, S. B., Pinger, L., & Davidson, R. J. (2015). Promoting prosocial behavior and self-regulatory skills in preschool children through a mindfulness-based kindness curriculum. Developmental Psychology, 51, 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038256.
Gelles, D., (2012). The mind business, in financial times. https://www.ft.com/content/d9cb7940-ebea-11e1-985a-00144feab49a. Zugegriffen: 10. Febr. 2019.
Gelles, D. (2016). Mindful work: How meditation is changing business from the inside out, Reprint edition. E. Dolan (Hrsg.), Boston: Mariner Books.
Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. D., & Fulton, P. R. (2005). Mindfulness and psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.
Glomb, T. M., Yang, T., Bono, J. E., & Duffy, M. K. (2011). Mindfulness at work. In: Research in personnel and human resources management, research in personnel and human resources management (S. 115–157). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S.0742-7301(2011)0000030005
Goleman, D., Langer, E., David, S., & Congleton, C. (2017). Mindfulness (HBR Emotional Intelligence Series). Brighton/Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press.
Hafenbrack, A. C., Kinias, Z., & Barsade, S. G. (2014). Debiasing the mind through meditation: Mindfulness and the sunk-cost bias. Psychological Science, 25, 369–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613503853.
Hayes, S., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change (1. Aufl.). New York: The Guilford Press.
Heidenreich, T., & Michalak, J. (2004). Achtsamkeit («Mindfulness») als Therapieprinzip in Verhaltenstherapie und Verhaltensmedizin. Verhaltenstherapie, 13, 264–274.
Hiendl, C. O. (2016). Achtsamkeit im Unternehmen – Ein gesundheitspädagogisches Konzept. Riga: Südwestdeutscher Verlag Für Hochschulschriften Ag Co. Kg.
Jardine, A., (2017). Achtsamkeitstraining in der Wirtschaft: «Was soll denn der Mist?», sagte Fabrowsky. Doch er sollte sich täuschen|NZZ [WWW Document]. https://www.nzz.ch/wirtschaft/achtsamkeit/achtsamkeit-in-der-wirtschaft-iiiv-das-mit-dem-atmen-ist-nichts-fuer-mich-ld.1311389. Zugegriffen: 18. Okt. 2017.
Jordan, S., Messner, M., & Becker, A. (2009). Reflection and mindfulness in organizations: Rationales and possibilities for integration. Management Learning, 40, 465–473.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Books.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2011). Gesund durch Meditation: Das große Buch der Selbstheilung. München: Knaur MensSana TB.
Kabat-Zinn, J., Wheeler, E., Light, T., Skillings, A., Scharf, M. J., Cropley, T. G., et al. (1998). Influence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA). Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 625–632.
Kasamatsu, A., & Hirai, T. (1966). An electroencephalographic study on the zen meditation (Zazen). Folia Psychiatrica Neurologica Japonica, 20, 315–336.
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1041–1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006.
Khoury, B., Sharma, M., Rush, S. E., & Fournier, C. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78, 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009.
Killingworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330(6006), 932. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192439.
Klatt, M. D., Buckworth, J., & Malarkey, W. B. (2009). Effects of low-dose mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR-ld) on working adults. Health Education Behaviour Office Publication Society Public Health Education, 36, 601–614. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198108317627.
Kohls, N., Berzlanovich, A., & Sauer, S. (2013). Achtsamkeit in Organisationen: Vom Stressmanagement über das achtsame Interagieren und Führen zur bewussten Gestaltung von Veränderungsprozessen. In W. Kersten & J. Wittmann (Hrsg.), Kompetenz, Interdisziplinarität und Komplexität in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre (S. 163–177). Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien.
Langer, E. J. (1989). Minding matters: The consequences of mindlessness–mindfulness, In L. Berkowitz (Hrsg.), Advances in experimental social psychology. (S. 137–173). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S.0065-2601(08)60307-X.
Langer, E. J. (1993). Mindfullness. Paris: Addison-Wesley, Reading.
Langer, E. J., & Moldoveanu, M. (2000). The construct of mindfulness. Journal Social Issues, 56, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00148.
Leroy, H., Anseel, F., Dimitrova, N. G., & Sels, L. (2013). Mindfulness, authentic functioning, and work engagement: A growth modeling approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82, 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.012.
Linden, M., & Hautzinger, M. (2011). Verhaltenstherapiemanual (7. Aufl.). Berlin: Springer.
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
Lohmann-Haislah, A. (2012). Stressreport Deutschland 2012: Psychische Anforderungen, Ressourcen und Befinden, Stressreport Deutschland. Dortmund: Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin.
Lyons, J. B., & Schneider, T. R. (2009). The effects of leadership style on stress outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 737–748.
Mainka-Riedel, M. (2013). Stressmanagement – Stabil trotz Gegenwind: Wie Sie Ihren eigenen Weg zu gesunder Leistungsfähigkeit finden. Wiesbaden: Springer.
Mirdal, G. M. (2012). Mevlana Jalal-ad-Din Rumi and mindfulness. Journal Religion Health, 51(4), 1202–1215, Mirdal: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/S.10943-010-9430-z.
Mrazek, M. D., Franklin, M. S., Phillips, D. T., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2013). Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychological Science, 24, 776–781. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612459659.
Olano, H. A., Kachan, D., Tannenbaum, S. L., Mehta, A., Annane, D., & Lee, D. J. (2015). Engagement in mindfulness practices by U.S. adults: Sociodemographic barriers. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21, 100–102. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.0269.
Pipe, T. B. (2008). Illuminating the inner leadership journey by engaging intention and mindfulness as guided by caring theory. Nurses Administration Quarterly, 32, 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAQ.0000314540.21618.c1.
Reb, J., & Narayanan, J. (2014). The influence of mindful attention on value claiming in distributive negotiations: Evidence from four laboratory experiments. Mindfulness, 5, 756–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0232-8.
Roche, M., & Haar, J. M. (2013). Leaders life aspirations and job burnout: A self-determination theory approach. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 34, 515–531. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2011-0103.
Rose, N., & Walach, H. (2009). Die historischen Wurzeln der Achtsamkeitsmeditation-ein Exkurs in Buddhismus und christliche Mystik. In T. Heidenreich & J. Michalak (Hrsg.), Achtsamkeit Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapy (S. 27–48). Tübingen: dgvt-Verlag.
Rubin, J. B. (2013). Psychotherapy and buddhism: Toward an integration. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
Rupprecht, S. (2016). Mindfulness in the workplace. Is it effective and what are the challenges? [WWW Document]. Oxford Mindfulness Center. http://oxfordmindfulness.org/news/mindfulness-workplace-effective-challenges/. Zugegriffen: 23. Okt. 17.
Sauer, S. (2009). Wirkfaktoren von Achtsamkeit: Wirkt Achtsamkeit durch Verringerung der affektiven Reaktivität? Mirdal: Springer. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sebastian_Sauer/publication/48172896_Wirkfaktoren_von_Achtsamkeit_Wirkt_Achtsamkeit_durch_Verringerung_der_affektiven_ReaktivitAt/links/543fd1d30cf2be1758cfdc05.pdf. Zugegriffen: 27. Mai. 19.
Sauer, S., Walach, H., Schmidt, S., Hinterberger, T., Lynch, S., Büssing, A., et al. (2013). Assessment of mindfulness: Review on state of the art. Mindfulness, 4, 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0122-5.
Schnetzer, R. (2014). Achtsame Unternehmensführung. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler.
Segall, S. R. (2012). Encountering Buddhism: Western Psychology and Buddhist Teachings. New York: SUNY Press.
Suzuki, D. T., & Jung, C. G. (2003). Die große Befreiung. Einführung in den Zen-Buddhismus (20. Aufl.). München: Otto Wilhelm Barth.
Tan, C.-M. (2012). Search Inside Yourself: Das etwas andere Glücks-Coaching. New York: Harper One.
The Mindfulness Initiative. (2015). Mindful Nation UK, Report by the Mindfulness All-Party Parlamentary Group. http://themindfulnessinitiative.org.uk/images/reports/Mindfulness-APPG-Report_Mindful-Nation-UK_Oct2015.pdf. Zugegriffen: 16. Apr. 2018.
TK- Stressstudie, Entspannt dich Deutschland. (2016). https://www.tk.de/resource/blob/2026630/9154e4c71766c410dc859916aa798217/tk-stressstudie-2016-data.pdf. Zugegriffen: 10. Febr. 2019.
Turner, N., Gray, G. C., Barton, M. A., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2009). Overcoming dysfunctional momentum: Organizational safety as a social achievement. Human Relations, 62, 1327–1356. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709334491.
Ulich, E., & Wülser, M. (2014). Gesundheitsmanagement in Unternehmen: Arbeitspsychologische Perspektiven. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler.
Walach, H., Nord, E., Zier, C., Dietz-Waschkowski, B., Kersig, S., & Schüpbach, H. (2007). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a method for personnel development: A pilot evaluation. International Journal Stress Management, 14, 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.2.188.
Wallace, R. K. (1970). Physiological effects of transcendental meditation. Science, 167,1751–1754.
Wallace, R. K., Benson, H., & Wilson, A. F. (1971). A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic state. American Journal of Physiology, 221, 795–799.
Weick, K. E., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2006). Mindfulness and the quality of organizational attention. Organization Science, 17,514–524. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1060.0196.
Weick, K. E., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2011). Managing the unexpected: Resilient performance in an age of uncertainty. Hoboken: Wiley.
Weiss, H., Harrer, M. E., Dietz, T., & Kriz, J. (2015). Das Achtsamkeits-Buch (7. Aufl.). Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
Williams, J. M. G., Russell, I., & Russell, D. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 524–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.3.524.
Yong, J., Kim, J., Park, J., Seo, I., & Swinton, J. (2011). Effects of a spirituality training program on the spiritual and psychosocial well-being of hospital middle manager nurses in Korea. Journal Continental Education Nurses, 42, 280–288. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20101201-04.
Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: Evidence of brief mental training. Consciousness and Cognition, 19, 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.03.014.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chang-Gusko, YS. (2019). Geschichte und Definitionen von Achtsamkeit. In: Chang-Gusko, YS., Heße-Husain, J., Cassens, M., Meßtorff, C. (eds) Achtsamkeit in Arbeitswelten. FOM-Edition. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25673-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25673-9_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-25672-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-25673-9
eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)