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Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Glucagon Cell

  • Chapter
Glucagon I

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 66 / 1))

Abstract

Since an earlier review on the phylogeny and ontogeny of glucagon production (Falkmer and Marques 1972), published in a monograph on glucagon a decade ago, research on the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine system has undergone an explosively rapid progress, making several statements in that review obsolete and even false. The reason is that, to a great extent, they were based on observations made by means of silver staining techniques (Grimelius and Wilander 1980) and that during the 1970s immunohistochemical (IHC) methods — im-munofluorescence and/or the PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) procedures — and radioimmunoassays (RIA) have been developed, permitting observations that have revolutionised our view on the histophysiology and evolution of the GEP neuroendocrine system, including the glucagon-producing cells (cf. Van Noorden and Polak 1979). For instance, a major breakthrough in the research front was made in 1975 when it was found that the hypothalamic peptide, somatostatin, oc-curred not only in neuronal cells, but also in endocrine cells in the antral mucosa and the pancreatic islets (Polak et al. 1975). Thus, the D-cells (formerly o-cells) previously suspected of producing gastrin, were now shown to be not only the stor-age site, but also the place for actual production of somatostatin (cf. Noe 1981 a, b). Since then, practically all the GEP hormonal peptides have been demonstrated to have this dual distribution (cf. Van Noorden and Falkmer 1980; Falkmer et al. 1981 a) and thus to form the brain-gut axis of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (Van Noorden and Polak 1979; Dockray and Gregory 1980). Glucagon is one of the latest additions to this group, having recently been localised in several areas of the mammalian (including human) brain (cf. Tager et al. 1980; Sanders et al. 1981; see also Chap. 33).

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Authors
  1. S. Falkmer
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  2. S. Van Noorden
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Liège, Belgium

    Pierre J. Lefèbvre M.D (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head) (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head)

  2. University of Brussels (V.U.B.), Belgium

    Pierre J. Lefèbvre M.D (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head) (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head)

  3. Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium, Belgium

    Pierre J. Lefèbvre M.D (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head) (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head)

  4. Medical Policlinics, University of Liège, Belgium

    Pierre J. Lefèbvre M.D (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head) (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head)

  5. Division of Diabetes, University of Liège, Belgium

    Pierre J. Lefèbvre M.D (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head) (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head)

  6. Institut de Mèdecine, Hôpital de Bavière, Boulevard de la Constitution, 66, 4020, Liège, Belgium

    Pierre J. Lefèbvre M.D (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head) (Professor of Medicine, Guest Professor, Corresponding Member, Chairman, Head)

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Falkmer, S., Van Noorden, S. (1983). Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Glucagon Cell. In: Lefèbvre, P.J. (eds) Glucagon I. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 66 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68866-9_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68866-9_5

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