Abstract
Sensornet protocols periodically broadcast beacons for neighborhood information advertisement, but beacon transmissions are costly when power-saving radio duty cycling mechanisms are used. We show that piggybacking multiple beacons in a single transmission significantly reduces transmission costs and argue that this shows the need for a new layer in the sensornet stack—an announcement layer—that coordinates beacons across upper layer protocols. An announcement layer piggybacks beacons and coordinates their transmission so that the total number of transmissions is reduced. With an announcement layer, new or mobile nodes can quickly gather announcement information from all neighbors and all protocols by issuing an announcement pull operation. Likewise, protocols can quickly disseminate new announcement information to all neighbors by issuing an announcement push operation. We have implemented an announcement layer in the Contiki operating system and three data collection and dissemination protocols on top of the announcement layer. We show that beacon coordination both improves protocol performance and reduces power consumption.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Balakrishnan, H., Rahul, H., Seshan, S.: An integrated congestion management architecture for internet hosts. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 29(4), 175–187 (1999)
Buettner, M., Yee, G.V., Anderson, E., Han, R.: X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), Boulder, Colorado, USA, pp. 307–320 (2006)
Choi, J., Kazandjieva, M., Jain, M., Levis, P.: The case for a network protocol isolation layer. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), Berkeley, CA, USA (2009)
Costa, P., Mottola, L., Murphy, A.L., Picco, G.P.: Programming wireless sensor networks with the Teenylime middleware. In: Cerqueira, R., Pasquale, F. (eds.) Middleware 2007. LNCS, vol. 4834, pp. 429–449. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Deshpande, A., Guestrin, C., Madden, S.: Resource-aware wireless sensor-actuator networks. IEEE Data Engineering 28(1) (2005)
Dunkels, A., Österlind, F., Tsiftes, N., He, Z.: Software-based on-line energy estimation for sensor nodes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (IEEE Emnets), Cork, Ireland (June 2007)
Dunkels, A., Österlind, F., He, Z.: An adaptive communication architecture for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), Sydney, Australia (November 2007)
Dutta, P., Culler, D.: Practical asynchronous neighbor discovery and rendezvous for mobile sensing applications. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA (2008)
Dyo, V., Mascolo, C.: Efficient node discovery in mobile wireless sensor networks. In: Nikoletseas, S.E., Chlebus, B.S., Johnson, D.B., Krishnamachari, B. (eds.) DCOSS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5067, pp. 478–485. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
El-Hoiydi, A., Decotignie, J.D., Enz, C.C., Roux, E.L.: Wisemac, an ultra low power mac protocol for the wisenet wireless sensor network. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), pp. 302–303 (2003)
Gnawali, O., Fonseca, R., Jamieson, K., Moss, D., Levis, P.: Collection tree protocol. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), Berkeley, CA, USA (2009)
Hui, J.W., Culler, D.: The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), Baltimore, Maryland, USA (November 2004)
Jiang, J., Tseng, Y., Hsu, C., Lai, T.: Quorum-based asynchronous power-saving protocols for IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks. Mobile Networks Applications 10(1-2) (2005)
Kandhalu, A., Lakshmanan, K., Rajkumar, R.: U-connect: a low-latency energy-efficient asynchronous neighbor discovery protocol. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (ACM/IEEE IPSN), Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 350–361 (2010)
Levis, P., Patel, N., Culler, D., Shenker, S.: Trickle: A self-regulating algorithm for code propagation and maintenance in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation (NSDI 2004) (March 2004)
Lin, K., Levis, P.: Data discovery and dissemination with dip. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (ACM/IEEE IPSN), St. Louis, MO, USA (2008)
Moss, D., Levis, P.: BoX-MACs: Exploiting Physical and Link Layer Boundaries in Low-Power Networking. Tech. Rep. SING-08-00, Stanford University (2008)
Mottola, L., Picco, G.: Logical neighborhoods: A programming abstraction for wireless sensor networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (2006)
Polastre, J., Hill, J., Culler, D.: Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), pp. 95–107. ACM Press, Baltimore (2004)
Tsiftes, N., Eriksson, J., Finne, N., Österlind, F., Höglund, J., Dunkels, A.: A Framework for Low-Power IPv6 Routing Simulation, Experimentation, and Evaluation. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications (ACM SIGCOMM), Demo Session, New Delhi, India (August 2010)
Vasseur, J., Dunkels, A.: Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2010)
Whitehouse, K., Sharp, C., Brewer, E., Culler, D.: Hood: a neighborhood abstraction for sensor networks. In: Proceedings of The International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), Boston, MA, USA (June 2004)
Winter, T., Thubert, P.(eds.) : RPL Author Team: RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks, internet Draft draft-ietf-roll-rpl-11 (work in progress)
Woo, A., Tong, T., Culler, D.: Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), pp. 14–27. ACM Press, Los Angeles (2003), http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/woo03taming.html
Zheng, R., Hou, J., Sha, L.: Asynchronous wakeup for ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Symposium on Mobile ad hoc Networking & Computing (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dunkels, A., Mottola, L., Tsiftes, N., Österlind, F., Eriksson, J., Finne, N. (2011). The Announcement Layer: Beacon Coordination for the Sensornet Stack. In: Marrón, P.J., Whitehouse, K. (eds) Wireless Sensor Networks. EWSN 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6567. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19186-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19186-2_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19185-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19186-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)