Abstract
It has been considered a fact that GPS performs too poorly inside buildings to provide usable indoor positioning. We analyze results of a measurement campaign to improve on the understanding of indoor GPS reception characteristics. The results show that using state-of-the-art receivers GPS availability is good in many buildings with standard material walls and roofs. The measured root mean squared 2D positioning error was below five meters in wooden buildings and below ten meters in most of the investigated brick and concrete buildings. Lower accuracies, where observed, can be linked to either low signal-to-noise ratios, multipath phenomena or bad satellite constellation geometry. We have also measured the indoor performance of embedded GPS receivers in mobile phones which provided lower availability and accuracy than state-of-the-art ones. Finally, we consider how the GPS performance within a given building is dependent on local properties like close-by building elements and materials, number of walls, number of overlaying stories and surrounding buildings.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Global Navigation Satellite System
- Global Navigation Satellite System
- Cold Start
- Shopping Mall
- Building Element
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Angermann, M., Khider, M., Robertson, P.: Towards operational systems for continuous navigation of rescue teams. In: Proc. Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (2008)
Avila-Rodriguez, J.-A., Hein, G., Wallner, S., Issler, J.-L., Ries, L., Lestarquit, L., de Latour, A., Godet, J., Bastide, F., Pratt, T., Owen, J.: The mboc modulation. a final touch for the galileo frequency and signal plan. Inside GNSS 2(6), 43–58 (2007)
Blunck, H., Kjærgaard, M.B., Godsk, T., Toftkjær, T., Christensen, D.L., Grønbæk, K.: Empirical analysis and characterization of indoor gps signal fading and multipath conditions. In: Proc. 22nd Intl. Techn. Meeting Satellite Division Inst. of Navigation, ION GNSS (2009)
Brown, R., Hwang, P.Y.C.: Introduction to random signals and applied Kalman filtering: with MATLAB exercises and solutions, 3rd edn. (1997)
Bullock, J., Floss, M., Geier, G., King, M.: Integration of gps with other sensors and network assistance. In: Kaplan, E.D., Hegarty, C. (eds.) Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, ch. 9, 2nd edn. Artech House, Reading (2006)
Hein, G., Teuber, A., Thierfelder, H., Wolf, A.: Fighting the fading - part 2. Inside GNSS (2008)
Hilla, S.: Plotting pseudorange multipath with respect to satellite azimuth and elevation. GPS Solutions 8(1) (2004)
Kjærgaard, M.B.: A Taxonomy for Radio Location Fingerprinting. In: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Location and Context Awareness (2007)
Küpper, A.: Location-Based Services: Fundamentals and Operation, October 2005. Wiley, Chichester (2005)
Lachapelle, G., Kuusniemi, H., Dao, D., MacGougan, G., Cannon, M.: HSGPS signal analysis and performance under various indoor conditions. Navigation, Inst. of Navigation 51(1), 29–43 (2004)
LaMarca, A., Chawathe, Y., Consolvo, S., Hightower, J., Smith, I., Scott, J., Sohn, T., Howard, J., Hughes, J., Potter, F., Tabert, J., Powledge, P., Borriello, G., Schilit, B.: Place Lab: Device Positioning Using Radio Beacons in the Wild. In: Gellersen, H.-W., Want, R., Schmidt, A. (eds.) PERVASIVE 2005. LNCS, vol. 3468, pp. 116–133. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Misra, P., Enge, P.: Global Positioning System: Signals, Measurements, and Performance. In: Navtech, 2nd edn. (2006)
Paonni, M., Kropp, V., Teuber, A., Hein, G.: A new statistical model of the indoor propagation channel for satellite navigation. In: Proc. 21st Intl. Techn. Meeting Satellite Division Inst. of Navigation, ION GNSS (2008)
Sokolova, N., Forssell, B.: Moderate pedestrian traffic: Indoor hsgps receiver performance. European Journal of Navigation 5(3), 2–7 (2007)
Stone, W.: Electromagnetic signal attenuation in construction materials. NIST Construction Automation Program Report No. 3, National Inst. Standards and Technology, U.S. (1997)
Teuber, A., Paonni, M., Kropp, V., Hein, G.: Galileo signal fading in an indoor environment. In: Proc. 21st Intl. Techn. Meeting Satellite Division Inst. of Navigation, ION GNSS (2008)
van Diggelen, F.: A-GPS: Assisted GPS, GNSS, and SBAS. Artech House (2009)
Watson, R., Lachapelle, G., Klukas, R., Turunen, S., Pietil, S., Halivaara, I.: Investigating gps signals indoors with extreme high-sensitivity detection techniques. Navigation, Inst. of Navigation 52(4), 199–213 (2006)
Williams, K., Greeley, R.: Radar attenuation by sand: laboratory measurements of radar transmission. IEEE Transactions Geoscience and Remote Sensing 39(11), 2521–2526 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kjærgaard, M.B., Blunck, H., Godsk, T., Toftkjær, T., Christensen, D.L., Grønbæk, K. (2010). Indoor Positioning Using GPS Revisited. In: Floréen, P., Krüger, A., Spasojevic, M. (eds) Pervasive Computing. Pervasive 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6030. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12654-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12654-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12653-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12654-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)