Abstract
Locomotor behaviors evoked by stimulating the midbrain were studied in anesthetized and freely moving, awaking lizard Gekko gecko. Twenty Gekko gecko males were used in the anesthetized brain stimulation experiments; twenty were for microelectrode implantation. In the acute studies, four locomotor modes (lateral curvature of vertebral column, āsā shape curvature of vertebral column, limbs moving and walking or crawling manner, phonation reaction) were elicited successfully by normal electrical stimulation in anesthetized gekkos. The research show most effective points of stimulation for induced locomotion were located at the midbrain tegmentum. In the awake experiment, electrical stimulation was delivered through implanted electrode of certain regions (the regions were decided by the results of the acute experiments) of the midbrain in 20 gekkos. Locomotor modes, such as right and left turn , even the combined locomotion (going forward then turning around ) was were successfully elicited. Results suggested that it is possible to carry out artificial induction on Gekko gecko through electrical stimulation on the related nuclus in their brain.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Autumn, K., Liang, Y.A., Flsieh, S.T., et al.: Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-flair. NatureĀ 405, 681ā685 (2000)
Gao, H.J., Wang, X., Yao, H.M., et al.: Mechanics of hierarchical adhesion structures of geckos. Mech. MaterĀ 37(2, 3), 275ā285 (2005)
Rizzo, N.W., Gardner, K.H., Walls, D.J., et al.: Characterization of the structure and composition of gecko adhesive setae. J. R. Soc. InterfaceĀ 3, 441ā451 (2006)
Sun, J.R., Guo, C., Cheng, H., et al.: Comparison of the setae between the dung beetle Copris ochus and the gecko Gekko gecko and the effects of deformation on their functions. Acta Zoo SinĀ 51(4), 761ā767 (2005) (in Chinese)
Geim, A.K., Dubonos, S.V., Grigorieva, I.V., et al.: Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foo-hair. Nat. Mat.Ā 2(7), 461ā463 (2003)
Sitti, M., Fearing, R.S.: Nanomolding based fabrication of synthetic gecko foot-hairs. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Nanotechnology Conference, Washington DC, USA, pp. 137ā140 (2002)
Geim, A.K., Dubonos, S.V., Grigorieva, I.V., et al.: Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair. Nat. Mat.Ā 2(7), 461ā463 (2003)
Dickinson, M.H., Farley, C.T., Full, R.J., et al.: How animals move: an integrative view. ScienceĀ 288(7), 100ā106 (2000)
Dai, Z.D., Sun, J.R.: Research progress in gecko locomotion and biomimetic gecko-robots. Prog. Nat. Sci.Ā 17(1), 1ā5 (2007) (in Chinese)
Guo, C., Dai, Z.D., Sun, J.R.: Current status and prospect of research on bio-robots. RobotĀ 27(2), 188ā192 (2005) (in Chinese)
Talwar, S.K., Xu, S.H., Hawley, E.S., et al.: Rat navigation guided by remote control. NatureĀ 417(2), 37ā38 (2002)
Adams, D.B.: Cells related to fighting behavior recorded from midbrain central gray neuropil of cat. ScienceĀ 159, 894ā896 (1968)
Adams, D.B.: Brain mechanisms of aggressive behavior: An updated review. Neurosci. Biobehavi. Revi.Ā 30, 304ā318 (2006)
Robinson, T.E.: Electrical stimulation of the brain stem in freely moving rats: I. Effects on behavior. Physiol. Behav.Ā 21(2), 223ā231 (1978)
Robinson, T.E., Vanderwolf, C.H.: Electrical stimulation of the brain stem in freely moving rats: II. Effects on hippocampal and neocortical electrical activity, and relations to behavior. Exp. Neurol.Ā 61(3), 485ā515 (1978)
McClellan, A.D., Grillner, S.: Activation of āfictive swimmingā by electrical microstimulation of brainstem locomotor regions in an in vitro preparation of the lamprey, central nervous system. Brain Res.Ā 300, 357ā361 (1984)
Jordan, L.M.: Initiation of Locomotion in Mammals. Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesĀ 860, 83ā93 (1998)
Jean, M.C., CĆ©line, B.L., RĆ©jean, D.: Bimodal locomotion elicited by electrical stimulation of the midbrain in the salamander Notophthalmus viridescens. J. Neurosci.Ā 23(6), 2434ā2439 (2003)
Smeets, W.J.: A forebrain atlas of the lizard Gekko gecko. J. Comp. Neurol.Ā 254, 1ā19 (1986)
Hoogland, P.V., Vermeulen-Vanderzee, E.: Efferent connections of the lateral cortex of the lizard Gekko gecko: evidence for separate origins of medial and lateral pathways from the lateral cortex to the hypothalamus. J. Comp. Neurol.Ā 352(3), 469ā480 (1995)
Bruce, L.L., Neary, T.J.: Afferent projections to the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamus in a lizard, Gekko gecko. Brain Behav. Evol.Ā 46(1), 30ā42 (1995)
Russchen, F.T., Jonker, A.J.: Efferent connections of the striatum and the nucleus accumbens in the lizard Gekko gecko. J. Comp. Neurol.Ā 276(1), 61ā80 (1988)
Gonzalez, A., Russchen, F.T., Lohman, A.H.: Afferent connections of the striatum and the nucleus accumbens in the lizard Gekko gecko. Brain Behav. Evol.Ā 36(1), 39ā58 (1990)
Li, G.F., Meng, S.Q., Jiang, S.Y.: Connections of rostrollateral area of the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in lizards Gecko gecko. Zoological Res.Ā 22(1), 74ā77 (2001) (in Chinese)
Kennedy, M.C.: Vocalization elicited in a lizard by electrical stimulation of the midbrain. Brain Res.Ā 97, 321ā325 (1975)
Lan, S.C., Zhang, G.Q.: A study of the production of phonation reaction in Gekko gecko by stimulation of the midbrain. Acta Zoo SinĀ 28(1), 15ā21 (1982) (in Chinese)
Guo, C., Dai, Z.D., Ji, A.H., et al.: Study on the regulation and control mechanism of the geckoās toes. Chin. J. Biomedi. Engin.Ā 25(1), 100ā104 (2006) (in Chinese)
Wenbo, W., Zhendong, D., Hua, T., Ce, G., Jiurong, S.: A stereotaxic method and apparatus for the Gekko gecko. Chinese Science BulletinĀ 53(7), 1107ā1112 (2008)
Distel, H.: Behavior and electrical brain stimulation in the green iguana, Iguana iguana L. 11. Stimulation effects. Exp. Brain Res.Ā 31, 353ā360 (1978)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wenbo, W., Ce, G., Jiurong, S., Zhendong, D. (2009). Locomotion Elicited by Electrical Stimulation in the Midbrain of the Lizard Gekko gecko . In: Budiyono, A., Riyanto, B., Joelianto, E. (eds) Intelligent Unmanned Systems: Theory and Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 192. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00264-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00264-9_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-00263-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-00264-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)