Abstract
The danger of ionizing radiation is related to the potential long-term risk of carcinogenesis. In Chapters. 1 and 2 of this book, Chadwick and Cohen have detailed how this risk is evaluated and considered in the field of low-level radiation in which diagnostic imaging (including CT) in comprised. The linear no threshold (LNT) theory of carcinogenesis is based on the risk of hereditary mutations deriving from cellular effects in germ cells. This theory considers that the cancer risk is linearly proportional to the dose at high doses as well as at low doses, from zero dose up. On the other hand, failure of the LNT theory is based on series of investigations showing that there is substantial evidence that low-level radiation does not have any carcinogenic effect and may even be protective against cancer, a view known as “hormesis”.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Image Quality
- Compute Tomography Pulmonary Angiography
- Automatic Exposure Control
- Image Quality Index
- Pediatric Compute Tomography
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Boone JM, Geraghty EM, Seibert JA et al (2003) Dose reduction in pediatric CT: a rational approach. Radiology 228:352–360
Bohy P, Tack D, Rocquigny A et al (2007) Multidetector-row CT in patients with suspected lumbar disc herniation: Comparison of standard-dose and simulated low-dose techniques. Radiology 2007, (in press)
Brix G, Nagel HD, Stamm G et al (2003) Radiation exposure in multi-slice versus single-slice spiral CT: results of a nationwide survey. Eur Radiol 13:1979–1991
Chen MY, Zagoria RJ, Saunders HS et al (1999) Trends in the use of unenhanced helical CT for acute urinary colic. AJR Am J Roentgenol 173:1447–1450
EUR — European Union (1999) European guidelines on quality criteria for computed tomography. EUR 16262 EN (http://www.drs.dk/guidelines/ct/quality/htmlindex.htm) access on 31 May, 2006
Golding SJ, Shrimpton PC (2002) Radiation dose in CT: are we meeting the challenge? Br J Radiol 75:1–4
ICRP 1991 (1990) Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Annals of the ICRP 21:1–3
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) (2001) Medical electrical equipment — Part 2: Particular requirements for the safety of X-ray equipment for computed tomography. IEC-Standard 60601-2-44 Ed. 2.0. IEC, Geneva
Keyzer C, Tack D, de Maertelaer V et al (2004) Acute appendicitis: comparison of low-dose and standard-dose unenhanced multi-detector row CT. Radiology 232:164–172
Lim JH, Choi D, Kim SH, Lee SJ et al (2002) Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of adding delayed phase imaging to dual-phase helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179:67–73
NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board) (2005) Doses from computed tomography in the UK — 2003 review. NRPB-W67. ISBN 0 85951 556 7
Perrier A, Roy PM, Aujesky D et al (2004) Diagnosing pulmonary embolism in outpatients with clinical assessment, D-dimer measurement, venous ultrasound, and helical computed tomography: a multicenter management study. Am J Med 116:291–299
Rehani MM, Bongartz G, Kalender W et al (2000) Managing X-ray dose in computed tomography: ICRP Special Task Force report. Ann ICRP 30:7–45
Royal College of Radiologists (2006) Making the best use of a department of clinical radiology guidelines for doctors, 5th edn. On line publication at http://www.rcr.ac.uk/index.asp?PageID=310&PublicationID=71 (access on 26 May, 2006)
Schaefer-Prokop C, Prokop M (2005) MDCT for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Radiol 15[Suppl 4]: D37–D41
Shrimpton PC, Hillier MC, Lewis MA et al (2003) Data from computed tomography (CT) examinations in the UK-2003 review. NRPB — 67, National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton
Siegel MJ, Schmidt B, Bradley D et al (2004) Radiation dose and image quality in pediatric CT: effect of technical factors and phantom size and shape. Radiology 233:515–522
Sigal-Cinqualbre AB, Hennequin R, Abada HT et al (2004) Low-kilovoltage multi-detector row chest CT in adults: feasibility and effect on image quality and iodine dose. Radiology 231:169–174
Swensen SJ, Viggiano RW, Midthun DE et al (2000) Lung nodule enhancement at CT: multicenter study. Radiology 214:73–80
Tack D, Widelec J, De Maertelaer V et al (2003a) Comparison between low-dose and standard-dose multidetector CT in patients with suspected chronic sinusitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:939–944
Tack D, De Maertelaer V, Gevenois PA (2003b) Dose reduction in multidetector CT using attenuation-based online tube current modulation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:331–334
Tack D, Sourtzis S, Delpierre I et al (2003c) Low-dose unenhanced multidetector CT of patients with suspected renal colic. AJR Am J Roentgenol 180:305–311
Tack D, Bohy P, Perlot I et al (2005a) Suspected acute colon diverticulitis: imaging with low-dose unenhanced multidetector row CT. Radiology 237:189–196
Tack D, De Maertelaer V, Petit W et al (2005b) Multi-detector row CT pulmonary angiography: comparison of standard-dose and simulated low-dose techniques. Radiology 236:318–325
Tillie-Leblond I, Mastora I, Radenne F et al (2002) Risk of pulmonary embolism after a negative spiral CT angiogram in patients with pulmonary disease: 1-year clinical follow-up study. Radiology 223:461–467
UNSCEAR (2000) Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Report to the General Assembly. United Nations, New York
Weiss CR, Scatarige JC, Diette GB et al (2006) CT pulmonary angiography is the first-line imaging test for acute pulmonary embolism: a survey of US clinicians. Acad Radiol 13:434–446
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tack, D. (2007). Methods and Strategies for Radiation Dose Optimization — and Reduction — in MDCT with Special Focus on the Image Quality. In: Tack, D., Gevenois, P.A. (eds) Radiation Dose from Adult and Pediatric Multidetector Computed Tomography. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68575-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68575-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28888-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68575-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)