A Worldwide Checklist of Parasites of Staphylinidae

Abstract

This chapter attempts to document all the parasites of Staphylinidae worldwide. It is based on a 1982 work of the author and considers all changes in Staphylinidae taxonomy; in higher classifications of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) , the most species-rich order of parasites (Laboulbeniales); and in the family Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera). The host(s) and geographical distribution of the parasites (sensu latissimo) are documented by genus/species in descending species richness .

1 Introduction

Based on a previous work (Frank 1982), this chapter attempts to document all the parasites of Staphylinidae worldwide. Since that work was sent to press, there have been many changes. The higher classification of Staphylinidae has changed to include subfamilies Pselaphinae, Scaphidiinae, Scydmaeninae, etc. The higher classification of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) , the most species-rich order of parasites (Laboulbeniales) , has changed (Tavares 1985; Benjamin 2001) etc., and the family Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera) has been revised (Townes and Townes 1982). There have been many additions of species and distributions of parasite/host records. All of these called for a new document, but yet the new document (here) is constrained by space. To conserve space, a parasite/host checklist is presented (there is no host/parasite checklist), and early references (before 1982) are not repeated if they were cited in the 1982 work. The objective is to report parasite/host associations to the species level for each country, as a basis for future investigation. This should help staphylinid specialists, who may be expected to know the classification of all staphylinids mentioned (but not that of their parasites), as well as mycologists, whose literature may fail to identify staphylinids below the level of genus (especially because their generic designation of staphylinids may be outdated). No new nomenclatural acts are made here. This chapter documents the host(s) and geographical distribution of the parasites (sensu latissimo) by genus/species in descending species richness as 70/510 (Ascomycetes, Laboulbeniales) , 18/27 (Nematoda, Rhabditida), 11/21 (Insecta, Hymenoptera) , and 7/23 (Nematoda, Tylenchida) and sundry smaller groups collectively with 33/34, for a grand total of 132/616.

2 Parasite/Host List

• Phylum Microsporidia

• Order Dissociodihaplophasida

• Nosematidae

Genus and species indet.: adult Creophilus erythrocephalus F., Australia (Meyer-Rochow 1972). This nosematid was reported from the eye of the host.

• Phylum Ascomycota

• Class Laboulbeniomycetes

• Order Laboulbeniales

The available information suggests that Laboulbeniales are true external parasites, debilitating their insect hosts (Bro Larsen 1952; Scheloske 1969; Frank 1982; Tavares 1985). Currently divided into four families, of which only Euceratomycetaceae and Laboulbeniaceae contain parasites of Staphylinidae, and the latter contains all but one genus of them. The arrangement below lists genera alphabetically within the family Laboulbeniaceae and species alphabetically within genera, with their staphylinid hosts named alongside. Weir and Hammond (1997) calculated that about 26% of hosts in Asia and Europe are Staphylinidae, slightly exceeded only by Carabidae. Staphylinidae are hosts to 47 genera, whereas Carabidae are hosts to only 16 genera (Tavares 1985). There are now >2050 species of Laboulbeniales (Rossi and Santamaría 2012), and future knowledge is likely to expand the number enormously.

• Euceratomycetaceae

• Euceratomyces Thaxter, 1931

• E. terrestris (Thaxter, 1894): adult ? Lathrobium terminatum, Gravenhorst, ME, USA (Thaxter 1894, 1931).

• Laboulbeniaceae

• Acallomyces Thaxter, 1902

• A. gyrophaenae (Thaxter 1931): adult “ Gyrophaena parcipennis,” invalid species name, Jamaica (Thaxter 1931), Gyrophaena sp. indet., Japan (Sugiyama 1978a).

• A. homalotae Thaxter, 1902: adult Homalota sp. (which may perhaps be referable to Atheta) NH, USA (Thaxter 1902); Atheta transfuga (Sharp) Japan (Sugiyama 1978b).

• A. platyolae Thaxter, 1931: adult “Platyola philippina” invalid species name attributed to Bernhauer, Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• Acompsomyces Thaxter, 1901b

• A. stenichni (Scheloske, 1969): adult Stenichnus scutellaris (Müller and Kunze) Germany, United Kingdom (Scheloske 1969, Weir 1994); Stenichnus collaris (Müller and Kunze) Poland, France (Majewski 1973b, 1994b, Santamaría and Rossi 1999).

• = Stigmatomyces stenichni Scheloske, 1969, transferred to Acompsomyces by Tavares (1985).

• Acrogynomyces Thaxter, 1931

• A. arietinus Thaxter, 1931: adult Scydmaenus sp. (under the name of synonym Eumicrus) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• A. ellipsoideus Thaxter, 1931: adult Scydmaenus sp. (under the name of synonym Eumicrus) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• A. eumicralis Thaxter, 1931: adult Scydmaenus sp. (under the name of synonym Eumicrus) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• A. eumicri Thaxter, 1931: adult Scydmaenus sp. (under the name of synonym Eumicrus) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• A. eumicricola Thaxter, 1931: adult Scydmaenus sp. (under the name of synonym Eumicrus) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• A. hamatus Thaxter 1931: adult Scydmaenus sp. (under the name of synonym Eumicrus) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• Amorphomyces Thaxter, 1893

• A. biformis Thaxter, 1931: adult Falagria latemarginata Bernhauer, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• A. falagriae Thaxter, 1893: adult Falagria dissecta Erichson, MA, USA (Thaxter 1893), and Falagria spp. in Argentina; OH, USA; Jamaica; and Spain (Spegazzini 1912, Thaxter 1931, Santamaría 2000).

• A. hernandoi Santamaría, 2000: adult Diglotta mersa (Haliday) Spain (Santamaría 2000).

• A. italicus Spegazzini, 1915b: adult ? Atheta , Italy (Spegazzini 1915b, Thaxter 1931 who considered that the host might have been a species of Carpelimus); Carpelimus mundus (Sharp) Ecuador (Thaxter 1931, Rossi 1978); Carpelimus exiguus (Erichson) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931, Rossi 1978); Carpelimus halophilus (Kiesenwetter) Algeria (Maire 1920, Rossi 1978); Carpelimus bilineatus Stephens, C. alutaceus (Fauvel), C. pusillus (Gravenhorst), and Thinobius sp., Spain (Santamaría 2000), Hebei Province, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• = A. trogophloei Spegazzini, 1917: adult Carpelimus atramentarius (Lynch) Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• = A. stipitatus Thaxter, 1931: adult Carpelimus exiguus (Erichson) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• A. minusculus [original spelling was minisculus] Thaxter, 1931: adult Ophioglossa bisulcata (Erichson) as Eudera bisulcata (Erichson), Guatemala, and two “ Homalota ” spp., Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• A. ophioglossae Thaxter 1912a: adult Ophioglossa sp., Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931), Ophioglossa cava Sharp, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931).

• A. pronomaeae Thaxter, 1931: adult perhaps Pronomaea thaxteri Bernhauer although published as “Pronomaea sumatrensis Bernhauer,” an invalid species name, Borneo (Thaxter 1931).

• A. rubescens Thaxter 1912a: adult Diestota sp. indet., Argentina (Thaxter 1912a), Homalota sp. indet., Argentina (Thaxter 1912a), Atheta conformis (Erichson) and A. lurida (Erichson), Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931), Atheta sp. indet., Argentina (Thaxter 1931).

• A. schistogeniae Thaxter, 1931: adult Schistogenia crenicollis Kraatz, Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931).

• A. stenusae Thaxter, 1931: adult “ Stenus borneensis Bernhauer,” an invalid name, Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931).

NOTE that A. floridanus Thaxter (1893) and A. obliqueseptatus Thaxter (1900) have been transferred to Dioicomyces.

• Apatelomyces Thaxter, 1931

• A. ogmocerus Thaxter, 1931: adult Ogmocerus sp., Liberia (Thaxter, 1931).

• Aporomyces Thaxter, 1931

• A. perpusillus (Spegazzini, 1917): adult Rhopalopherus gestroi Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• Autophagomyces Thaxter 1901b

• A. castellinii Rossi, 1982: adult Trissemus punctipennis (Raffray) Sierra Leone (Rossi 1982).

• A. decarthricola (Spegazzini, 1917): adult pselaphine, probably Decarthon rubripenne Raffray, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931).

• A. hammondii Benjamin, 2001: adult scaphidiid indet., Sulawesi, Indonesia (Benjamin 2001).

• A. tiwaiensis Rossi, 1990: adult Trissemus assuetus Castellini, Sierra Leone (Rossi 1990).

NOTE that A. spegazzinii was transferred to Bordea by Benjamin (2001).

• Balazucia Benjamin, 1968b

• B. bilateralis Benjamin, 1968b: adult Phloeonomus sp., Mexico (Benjamin 1968b).

• B. japonica Terada, 1980: adult Lordithon striatus Olivier, Hokkaido, Japan (Terada 1980).

• Blasticomyces Tavares, 1985

• B. denigratus Majewski and Sugiyama, 1986: adult Lispinus coarticollis Kraatz, Sabah, Malaysia (Majewski and Sugiyama 1986).

• B. lispini (Thaxter, 1915): adult Nacaeus impressicollis (Motschulsky) Java and Borneo, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka (Thaxter 1915, 1931) and Taiwan (Terada 1976); Lispinus unipunctatus Cameron and Lispinus sp., Sabah, Malaysia (Majewski and Sugiyama 1986); Lispinus sp. nr. japonicus Sharp, Iriomote Island, Japan (Majewski 1988b); Eleusis sp., Fujian and Suzhou provinces, China (Shen and Ye 2006) .

• Bordea Maire, 1916a (reinstated by Benjamin 2001). All reported hosts belong to Pselaphinae.

• B. allenii Benjamin, 2001: adult Cylindrarctus crinifer Casey, LA, USA (Benjamin 2001).

• B. bryaxalis (Thaxter, 1931): adult Reichenbachia puncticollis (LeConte) ME, USA (Thaxter 1931), Reichenbachia borealis Casey, IL and WI, USA (Benjamin 2001).

• B. castellinii (Rossi, 1982): adult Trissemus punctipennis (Raffray) Sierra Leone (Rossi 1982, Benjamin 2001).

• B. coronata Maire, 1916a: adult Brachygluta aubei Tournier, Algeria (Maire 1916a, Thaxter 1931), Brachygluta perforata (Aubé) Italy, Brachygluta schuppeli Aubé, Ibiza, Spain (Benjamin 2001) .

• B. denotata Haelewaters et al., 2014: adult Bibloporus bicolor (Denny), Netherlands (Haelewaters et al. 2014).

• B. formosana (Sugiyama, 1982): adult of gen. et sp. indet. nr. Lasinus, Taiwan (Sugiyama 1982, Benjamin 2001, Shen and Ye 2006).

• B. gigantea Benjamin, 2001: adult Reichenbachia bicuspida Park, Honduras (Benjamin 2001).

• B. neocoronata Benjamin, 2001: adult Decarthron defectum Park, IL, USA (Benjamin 2001).

• B. platensis Spegazzini, 1917 (formerly Acallomyces (Bordea) platensis Spegazzini 1917, so a change of status not of genus): adult pselaphine, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917), Decarthron simplex Raffray and D. rubripenne Raffray, Argentina (Benjamin 2001).

• B. retroflexa Benjamin, 2001: Melba sp., MS, USA (Benjamin 2001).

• B. spinigera Benjamin, 2001: adult Reichenbachia spatulifer Casey, MN, USA (Benjamin 2001).

• B. strangulata (Thaxter, 1931): adult ?Euconnus (as Eucomus) Guatemala (Thaxter 1931).

• B. thaxteri Benjamin, 2001: adult Reichenbachia puncticollis (LeConte) ME, USA (Benjamin 2001).

• B. tiwaiensis (Rossi, 1990): adult Trissemus assuetus Castellini, Sierra Leone (Rossi 1990, Benjamin 2001).

• B. weirii Benjamin, 2001: adult Melba sp. and Melba thoracica (Brendel) LA, USA and Conoplectus canaliculatus (LeConte) NY, USA (Benjamin 2001).

• Camptomyces Thaxter, 1894. All reported hosts belong to Astenus (Paederinae).

• C. brunneomarginatus Thaxter, 1926: adult Astenus maculipennis Kraatz, Philippines (Thaxter 1926).

• C. europaeus Rossi and Cesari Rossi, 1980: adult Astenus thoracicus Baudi, Italy (Rossi and Cesari Rossi 1980).

• C. falcatus Thaxter, 1926: adult Astenus sp., Philippines (Thaxter 1926).

• C. guatemalensis Thaxter 1926: adult Astenus sp., Guatemala (Thaxter 1926).

• C. melanopus Thaxter, 1894: adult Astenus prolixus (Erichson), MA, USA (Thaxter 1894); adult Astenus paranensis Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. recurvatus Thaxter, 1926: adult Astenus bimaculatus (Erichson), Philippines (Thaxter 1926).

• C. subsigmoideus Thaxter, 1926: adult Astenus sp., Philippines (Thaxter 1926).

• C. sumatrae Thaxter, 1926: adult Astenus kraatzi Bernhauer, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1926).

• Cantharomyces Thaxter, 1890

• C. ancyrophori Picard, 1917: adult Ochthephilus flexuosus (Mulsant and Rey) France (Picard 1917).

• C. andinus Thaxter, 1918: adult Carpelimus puncticollis Solier, Chile (Thaxter 1918).

• C. aploderi Huldén, 1983: adult Aploderus caesus (Erichson) Karelia (Russia) (Huldén 1983).

• C. bledii Thaxter, 1890 and 1896: adult Bledius assimilis Casey, IL, USA (Thaxter 1890).

• C. chilensis Thaxter, 1918: adult Thinodromus signatus (Erichson) Chile (Thaxter 1918).

• C. exiguus Thaxter, 1931: adult Carpelimus exiguus (Erichson) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931), Carpelimus exiguus (Erichson) Japan (Sugiyama 1973, 1974) and South Korea (Lee 1986), Carpelimus sp., Gansu Province, China (Shen et al. 2004, Shen and Ye 2006).

• C. haytiensis Thaxter, 1931: adult Carpelimus fulvipes (Erichson) Haiti (Thaxter 1931).

• C. japonicus Sugiyama, 1973: adult Thinodromus sericatus (Sharp) Japan (Sugiyama 1973); adult Carpelimus sp., China (Shen et al. 2004, Shen and Ye 2006).

• C. magellanicus Thaxter, 1918: adult ?genus of Aleocharinae (this identification seems improbable given the restriction of other species to Oxytelinae) Argentina (Thaxter 1918).

• C. numidicus Maire, 1920: adult Thinodromus mannerheimi (Kolenati) Algeria (Maire 1920); Thinodromus arcuatus (Stephens) and Carpelimus anthracinus (Mulsant and Rey) Poland (Majewski 1983); Thinodromus arcuatus (Stephens) Italy and Slovakia (Rossi 1978, Rossi et al. 2010); Thinodromus hirticollis (Mulsant and Rey) Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004).

• C. occidentalis Thaxter, 1893: adult Bledius bellicus Blackwelder (as B. armatus Say) although possibly a misidentification of B. strenuus Casey, UT, USA (Thaxter 1893, 1896, Herman 1976).

• C. orientalis Spegazzini, 1915b: adult ? Quedius sp. Italy (this host seems improbable given restriction of other species to Oxytelinae) (Spegazzini 1915b); Carpelimus subtilicornis (Roubal) Germany (Scheloske 1969); Carpelimus corticinus (Gravenhorst) Karelia (Russia) and Carpelimus elongatulus (Erichson) Finland (Huldén 1983); Carpelimus bilineatus Stephens and C. corticinus (Gravenhorst) England, Poland (Weir and Beakes 1993, Majewski 1987); Carpelimus corticinus (Gravenhorst) and C. foveolatus (Sahlberg) Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Carpelimus corticinus (Gravenhorst) Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004); Carpelimus obesus (Kiesenwetter) Czech Republic and Slovakia (Rossi et al. 2010).

• = C. abbreviatus Maire, 1920: adult Carpelimus corticinus (Gravenhorst) Algeria (Maire 1920).

• C. pacei Rossi and Santamaría, 2000: adult Spanioda andicola Pace, Chile (Rossi and Santamaría 2000).

• C. platystethi Thaxter, 1900: adult Platystethus cornutus (Gravenhorst) England (Thaxter 1900), Morocco (Maire 1916a); Platystethus operosus Sharp, Japan (Terada 1977); Platystethus sp., India (Kaur and Mukerji 1996) Tibet, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• C. robustus Majewski, 1987: adult Carpelimus bilineatus (Stephens) and Carpelimus corticinus (Gravenhorst) and Carpelimus obesus (Kiesenwetter) and Carpelimus rivularis (Motschulsky) Poland (Majewski 1987).

• C. thaxteri Maire 1916b: adult Thinodromus dilatatus (Erichson) France (Maire 1916b); Carpelimus bilineatus (Stephens) and Carpelimus rivularis (Motschulsky) Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991).

• C. trogophloei Spegazzini, 1917: adult Carpelimus atramentarius Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. valdivianus Thaxter, 1918: adult Thinodromus grandipennis (Bernhauer) Chile (Thaxter 1918).

• C. venetus Spegazzini 1915b: adult ?genus, Italy (Spegazzini 1915b); Carpelimu s rivularis (Motschulsky) Poland and Belgium (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991).

• Chaetomyces Thaxter, 1892

• C. pinophili Thaxter, 1893: adult Pinophilus latipes (Gravenhorst) southeastern USA (Thaxter 1893); Pinophilus sp., Nicaragua (Thaxter 1908); Pinophilus suffusus Erichson, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Pinophilus sp., Brazil (Rossi and Bergonzo 2008).

• = C. borelli (Colla, 1926): unidentified staphylinid, Bolivia (Colla 1926).

• Clematomyces Thaxter, 1900

• = Schizomeromyces Thaxter, 1931

• C. argentinensis Spegazzini, 1917: adult Pinophilus suffusus Erichson, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. astenalis (Thaxter, 1931): adult Astenus fimetarius Fauvel, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. pinophili Thaxter, 1900: adult Pinophilus sp., Burma (Thaxter 1900).

• Clonophoromyces Thaxter, 1931

• C. grenadinus Thaxter, 1931: adult probably of Bryoporus obscurus (Erichson) (as “Bryonomus serialis” in error) Grenada (Thaxter 1931).

• C. nipponicus Terada and Tavares, 1993: adult Bryoporus gracilis (Sharp) Honshu, Japan (Terada and Tavares 1993); Bryoporus testaceus LeConte, MA, USA (Haelewaters et al. 2015).

• Compsomyces Thaxter, 1894

• = Moschomyces Thaxter, 1894

• C. insignis Thaxter, 1894: adult Astenus prolixus (Erichson) MA, USA (Thaxter 1894).

• C. lestevae Thaxter, 1900: adult Lesteva sicula Gravenhorst ssp. heeri Fauvel, Scotland, England (Thaxter 1931) Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Lesteva hanseni Lohse, France, Algeria, England (Maire 1916a, Balazuc 1873b); Lesteva pubescens Mannerheim, Scotland, Poland, Italy (Thaxter 1908, Majewski 1973b, Rossi 1978); Lesteva villardi Rey, France (Balazuc 1973b).

• C. macropoda Thaxter, 1931 based on description by Spegazzini, 1917: adult Astenus paranensis Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. palamini Thaxter, 1931: adult Palaminus sp., Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• C. stilicopsis Thaxter, 1931: on Stilicopsis setigera Sharp, Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• C. verticillatus (Thaxter 1890): adult Astenus longiusculus (Mannerheim) IL, ME, USA (Thaxter 1890); Astenus paranensis Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912); Astenus signatus Sahlberg, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Astenus thoracicus Baudi, Italy (Rossi and Cesari Rossi 1980); Astenus martinezi Uhagón, Spain (Santamaría 1995a).

• Corethromyces Thaxter, 1892

• C. acanthoglossae Thaxter, 1931: adult Acanthoglossa intermixta Eppelsheim, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. acuminatus Thaxter, 1931: adult Diochus nanus Erichson, Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• C. aequatorialis Rossi and Weir, 2007: adult Gnathymenus sp., Ecuador (Rossi and Weir 2007).

• C. argentinus Thaxter, 1912a: adult Ochthephilum agile Erichson, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a).

• C. armatus Thaxter, 1912a: adult Rugilus chilensis (Solier) Argentina (Thaxter 1912a).

• C. bolivianus Weir and Rossi, 2001: adult Scopaeodes sp., Bolivia (Weir and Rossi 2001).

• C. brazilianus Thaxter, 1900: adult Ochthephilum brasilianum Lucas, Brazil and Ochthephilum fasciatum (Erichson) Venezuela and Ochthephilum flohri Sharp, Mexico and Ochthephilum similipenne Say, Mexico, and Ochthephilum venustum Sharp, Mexico (Thaxter 1900); Ochthephilum paranense Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912); Ochthephilum basale Blanchard, Argentina (Thaxter 1931).

• C. brunneolus Thaxter, 1912a: adult Rugilus elegans Lynch, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931, Spegazzini 1917).

• = C. sternalis Spegazzini, 1917.

• C. buccalis Thaxter, 1931: adult Rugilus ceylanensis (Kraatz) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. calyculatus Thaxter, 1931: adult Sepedophilus obesus (Boheman) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. catalinae (Thaxter, 1912a): adult Sepedophilus testaceus (F.) Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, Tavares 1985).

• C. chaetophilus Thaxter, 1931: adult Coproporus bernhaueri Scheerpeltz (as Coproporus ventralis Bernhauer) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. circinellus Thaxter, 1931: adult Medon planatus Bernhauer, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. cornutus Thaxter, 1931: adult Sepedophilus obesus (Boheman) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. cryptobii Thaxter, 1892: adult Homaeotarsus pallipes (Gravenhorst) VA, USA and Homaeotarsus bicolor (Gravenhorst) eastern USA (Thaxter 1892); Cryptobium sharpi Fauvel [perhaps misidentified] Burma (Spegazzini 1915a).

• C. curtipes Thaxter, 1931: adult Lithocharis ochracea (Gravenhorst) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931) and Iriomote Island, Japan (Majewski 1988b); Medon sp., Taiwan (Terada 1976, 1978, Shen and Ye 2006).

• C. dacnochili Thaxter, 1931: adult Dacnochilus laetus LeConte, Guatemala (Thaxter 1931).

• C. decipiens Thaxter, 1915: adult Medon birmanus Fauvel, Borneo, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915); Lithocharis curtus (Kraatz) Java, Indonesia, and Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1915, 1931).

• C. diochi Thaxter, 1931): adult Diochus nanus Erichson, Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• C. divergens Thaxter, 1931: adult Stilomedon triseriatus Sharp, Guatemala (Thaxter 1931).

• C. euaestheti Thaxter, 1931: adult Euaesthetus americanus Erichson, MA, USA (Thaxter 1931).

• C. filifer Thaxter, 1931: adult Stiliderus sculptipennis (Kraatz) Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• C. flagellaris Thaxter, 1931: adult Stiliderus sculptipennis (Kraatz) Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• C. flectatus Thaxter, 1931: adult Rugilus pruinosus (Cameron) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. formicetorum Spegazzini, 1917: adult Heterothops formicetorum Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. fuscipes (Spegazzini, 1917): adult Scopaeus lugubris Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. gracilicaulis Thaxter, 1931: adult Rugilus sericeus (Motschulsky) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. grenadinus Thaxter, 1931: adult Diochus nanus Erichson, Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• C. guatemalensis Thaxter, 1931: adult ?Stilomedon, Guatemala (Thaxter 1931).

• C. hernandoi Santamaría, 2006: adult Medon sp., Spain (Santamaría, 2006).

• C. introversus Thaxter, 1931: adult Medon angulipennis Eppelsheim, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. jacobinus Thaxter, 1893: adult Lobrathium jacobinum (LeConte) CA, USA (Thaxter 1893); Lobrathium collare (Erichson) ME, USA (Thaxter 1896).

• C. jamaicensis Thaxter, 1931: adult Stilomedon insularum (Cameron) Jamaica (Thaxter 1931).

• C. kamerunensis Thaxter, 1931: adult “Medon kamerunensis Bernhauer,” invalid name, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931). [A Medon species with the same name was described by Scheerpeltz in 1971, but was based on a collection made in 1949, and no reference was made by Scheerpeltz to a prior use of that name, even as a manuscript name, by Bernhauer.]

• C. laminifer Thaxter, 1931: adult Lithocharis ochracea (Gravenhorst) Sarawak, Malaysia, and “Medon sumatrensis Bernhauer,” invalid name, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. lepidus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Sepedophilus kamerunensis (Bernhauer), Cameroon (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. lingulatus Thaxter, 1931: adult Coproporus sp., Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. longicaulis Thaxter, 1902: adult Rugilus angulatus (Erichson) MA, USA (Thaxter 1902); Rugilus elegans (Lynch) Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Rugilus cribratus (Sharp) Guatemala (Thaxter 1931).

• C. longicollis Thaxter, 1931: adult “Medon vulneratus Bernhauer,” invalid name, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. luzonensis Thaxter, 1931: adult Stiliderus sculptipennis (Kraatz) Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• C. macropus Thaxter 1912a: adult Heterothops thaxteri Bernhauer, Argentina (Thaxter1912a).

• C. medonis Thaxter, 1915: adult Lithocharis curtus (Kraatz) Sarawak, Malaysia and Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915), Medon birmanus Fauvel, Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1915, 1931).

• C. minusculus [original spelling was minisculus] Thaxter, 1931: adult Scopaeus sp., Argentina (Thaxter 1931).

• C. nanus Thaxter, 1931: adult Diochus nanus Erichson, Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• C. obscuristipes Santamaría, 2006: adult Medon sp., Spain (Santamaría 2006).

• C. obtusus (Thaxter, 1900): adult Leptobium illyricum (Erichson), apparently from Algeria (Thaxter 1900), same host, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bánhegyi 1960); Leptobium melanocephalum (Reiche and Saulcy), Israel (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932).

• C. ophitis Thaxter, 1912a: adult Opithes fauveli Lynch, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a); Opithes bergonzoi Drugmand, Brazil (Rossi and Bergonzo 2008).

• C. orientalis Thaxter, 1915: adult Rugilus ceylanensis (Kraatz) Java and Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915).

• C. otongaensis Rossi and Weir 2007: adult Biocrypta sp., Ecuador (Rossi and Weir 2007).

• C. palumboi Rossi, 2010: adult Sepedophilus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• C. perelegans Thaxter, 1931: adult Medon crassulum Sharp, Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• C. piesticola Thaxter, 1931: adult Piestus bicornis Laporte, Costa Rica, and Piestus penicillatus (Dalman) [as P. striatus (Gray)] Brazil, and Piestus spinosus (F.) [as P. oxytelinus (Perty)] Venezuela (Thaxter 1931); Priochirus sp., Peru (Sugiyama 1972).

• C. platensis Thaxter, 1912a: adult Lobrathium dimidiatum (Say) Argentina and Uruguay and Lobrathium nitidum (Erichson) Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931, Spegazzini 1912, 1917).

• = C. xantholini Spegazzini, 1912: adult Xantholinus subtilis (Boheman), Argentina (Spegazzini 1912).

• C. podophilus Spegazzini, 1917: adult Rugilus elegans (Lynch) Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. propinquus (Thaxter, 1900): adult Lathrobium spp. (although all are probably Leptobium spp.) Europe (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1931, Picard 1913b); Leptobium illyricum (Erichson) Algeria (Maire 1916a); Leptobium gracile (Gravenhorst) [as L. guttulum (Lacordaire)] Spain (Santamaría 1995a).

• C. protrudens Thaxter, 1931: adult “Medon sumatrensis Bernhauer” invalid name, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. psilotracheli Thaxter, 1931: adult Stiliderus crassus (Kraatz) Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. pulchellus Spegazzini, 1917: adult Pinophilus bergi Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. purpurascens Thaxter, 1900: adult Biocrypta fulvipes (Erichson) and Ochthephilum sp., Grenada (Thaxter 1900); Ochthephilum densipenne (Sharp) South Korea (Lee et al. 2005).

• C. pygmaeus Thaxter, 1912a: adult Rugilus chilensis (Solier) Chile (Thaxter 1912a).

• C. rectus Spegazzini, 1917: adult Rugilus elegans (Lynch) Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Rugilus ceylanensis (Kraatz) and Rugilus sericeus (Motschulsky) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. recurvatus Thaxter, 1931: adult Stiliderus crassus (Kraatz) Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. rostellatus Thaxter, 1931: adult Sepedophilus obesus (Boheman) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. rostratus Thaxter, 1912a: adult Heterothops sp., Guatemala (Thaxter 1912a); Heterothops formicetorum Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. sardous Rossi and Cesari Rossi, 1980: adult Pseudobium labile (Erichson) Sardinia, Italy (Rossi and Cesari Rossi 1980).

• C. scimbalii W. Rossi and Cesari Rossi, 1978: adult Scymbalium anale (Nordmann) Italy (Rossi and Cesari Rossi 1978); adult Lathrobium sp., Guizhou Province, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• C. sciopori Thaxter, 1931: adult Medon crassulum Sharp, Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• C. scopaei Thaxter, 1912a: adult Scopaeus frater Lynch, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, Spegazzini 1917); Spain—but these Spanish specimens are later named as S. striatus (Santamaría 1992b, 1997).

• C. scopaeicola Thaxter, 1931: adult Scopaeus nitidulus Motschulsky, Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• C. seticola Thaxter, 1931: adult “Medon sumatrensis Bernhauer,” invalid name, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• C. setiger Thaxter, 1893: adult Lathrobium nitidulum LeConte, MA, USA (Thaxter 1893, 1896, Saccardo 1895, Benjamin 1971).

• C. shazawae Majewski and Sugiyama, 1985: adult Ochthephilum densipenne (Sharp) Japan (Majewski and Sugiyama 1985b) and South Korea (Lee and Park 1991).

• C. sigmoideus Thaxter 1912a: adult Rugilus elegans (Lynch) Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931, Spegazzini 1917).

• C. spectabilis Thaxter, 1931: adult Sepedophilus obesus (Boheman), Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. speluncalis (Maire 1916a): adult Heterothops praevius Erichson ssp. nigrus Kraatz, Algeria (Maire 1916a).

• C. stereocephalus Thaxter 1931: adult Stereocephalus seriatipennis Lynch, Argentina (Lynch 1917).

• = C. pallidus (Spegazzini, 1917), homonym of C. pallidus Thaxter, 1893.

• C. stilici Thaxter, 1901b: adult Rugilu s rufipes Germar, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Belgium (Thaxter 1901b, 1908, 1912a, Picard 1913b, Thaxter 1931, Middelhoek 1943b, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Rossi 1975, Majewski 1980, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Rugilus similis (Erichson) Poland and Belgium (Majewski 1980, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Rugilus angularis (Erichson) MA, USA (Thaxter 1908); Rugilus chilensis (Solier) Argentina, Chile (Spegazzini 1912a); Rugilus elegans (Lynch) Argentina and Uruguay (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. stilicicola (Thaxter, 1902): adult Rugilus angularis (Erichson) MA, USA (Thaxter 1902, 1912a, 1931); Rugilus elegans (Lynch) Argentina and Uruguay (Spegazzini 1917).

• C. strangulatus Thaxter, 1931: adult Stilomedon triseriatum Sharp, Guatemala (Thaxter 1931).

• C. striatus Santamaría, 1997: adult Scopaeus spp., Spain (Santamaría 1997).

• C. thayerae Rossi and Weir, 2007: adult Medon obscuriventer Fairmaire and Germain, Chile (Rossi and Weir 2007).

• C. thinocharinus Thaxter, 1915: adult Thinocharis pygmaea Kraatz and Thinocharis curticeps (invalid name attributed to Bernhauer), Java and Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915).

• C. unciger Thaxter, 1912a emended by Trotter 1926: adult Rugilus elegans (Lynch) Argentina (Thaxter 1912a).

• C. uncinulus Thaxter, 1931: adult “Stilicus thaxteri Bernhauer,” invalid name, likely a species of Rugilus , Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• C. urophilus (Spegazzini, 1917): adult Scopaeus sp., Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931).

• C. venezolanus Thaxter, 1931: adult “Stilicus venezolanus Bernhauer,” invalid name, likely a species of Rugilus, Venezuela (Thaxter 1931).

• C. verrucifer Spegazzini, 1917: adult Rugilus elegans (Lynch) Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931).

• C. vesiculifer (Thaxter, 1931): adult Sepedophilus obesus (Boheman) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. vilis Thaxter, 1931: adult Lithocharis vilis (Kraatz) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

NOTE: Tavares (1985) transferred four species to Sphaleromyces: S. indicus Thaxter 1901b; S. lathrobii Thaxter, 1894; S. occidentalis Thaxter, 1895; and S. rhinoceralis (Thaxter, 1912a). She also resurrected the generic name Rhadinomyces Thaxter and transferred into it C. pallidus, C. cristatus, and C. gracilis.

• Cryptandromyces Thaxter, 1912

• = Peyerimhoffiella Maire, 1916

• C. batrisi (Thaxter, 1931): adult Batrisus sp., Cameroon (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. batrisocenus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Batrisocenus difformipes Raffray, and Batrisocenus elevatus Raffray, Sarawak and Borneo, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. biblioplecti Majewski, 1987: adult Biblioplectus ambiguus (Reichenbach) and Plectophloeus fischeri (Aubé) Poland (Majewski 1987, 1994a,b); “Plectophloeus tuberculatus Reichenbach” an invalid name, Spain (Santamaría 2001).

• C. bryaxidis Majewski, 1999: adult Bryaxis bulbifer (Reichenbach) Poland (Majewski 1999); Biblioporus bicolor (Denny) and Bryaxis baudueri (Reitter), Spain (Santamaría 2001).

• C. cauliculatus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Scydmaenus sp. (as Eumicrus sp.) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. euplecti Santamaría, 2001: adult Euplectus duponti Aubé and E. infirmus Raffray, Spain; E. sanguineus Denny, Belgium; E. karsteni Reichenbach, France; Plectophloeus zoufali Machulka, Italy; and Amauronyx kraatzi Saulcy, Spain (Santamaría 2001).

• C. geniculatus Thaxter, 1912: adult Connophron sp., Argentina (Thaxter 1912, 1931, Tavares 1985), Euconnus sp., Hainan Island, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• C. incurvatus (Thaxter 1931): adult Scydmaenus sp. (as Eumicrus sp.), Java and Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. isabellae Rossi, 1990: adult Scydmaenus sp., Sierra Leone (Rossi 1990).

• C. javanus Thaxter, 1915: adult of undetermined scydmaenine, Java, Indonesia and Japan (Thaxter 1915, Sugiyama 1973).

• C. nigromarginatus Thaxter, 1931): adult Scydmaenus sp. (as Eumicrus sp.) Java, Indonesia and Cameroon (Thaxter 1931), and Congo Kinshasa (formerly Zaire) (Rossi and Santamaría 1992); Scydmaenus suspicionis Castellini, Sierra Leone (Rossi 1982).

• C. sarawakensis (Thaxter, 1931): adult Scydmaenus sp. (as Eumicrus sp.) Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. scydmaenarius (Thaxter, 1931): adult Scydmaenus sp. (as Eumicrus sp.) Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. scydmaenicola (Spegazzini 1917): adult Scydmaenus sp. (as Eumicrus sp.) Argentina and Trinidad (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. subsigmoideus (Spegazzini, 1917): adult Eurhexius putzeyssi Schaufuss (as “E. putzussi”), Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• C. zethopsi (Thaxter, 1931): adult ?Zethopsinus sp., Cameroon (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

NOTE: Tavares (1985) separated the monotypic genus Peyerimhoffiella based on P. elegans Maire.

• Cucujomyces Spegazzini, 1917

• C. phycophilus Weir and Rossi, 1997: adult “Macralymma brevipenne Cameron” [invalid name, is perhaps Macralymma punctiventris Cameron] and Omaliomimus conicus (Fauvel) New Zealand (Weir and Rossi 1997); Crymus kronei (Kiesenwetter), Antipodes Islands, New Zealand (Hughes et al. 2004); Macralymma punctiventris Cameron, Auckland Islands, Antipodes Islands, New Zealand (Hughes et al. 2004); Nesomalium campbellensis Steel, Campbell Island, New Zealand (Hughes et al. 2004); Nesomalium pacificum (Kiesenwetter) Auckland Islands, New Zealand (Hughes et al. 2004); Omaliomimus venator (Broun) Auckland Islands, Antipodes Islands, Campbell Island, New Zealand (Hughes et al. 2004).

• Diandromyces Thaxter, 1918

• D. chilenus Thaxter 1918: adult Leptoglossula sculpticollis (Fauvel) Chile (Thaxter 1918).

• D. onorei Rossi, 2010: adult Hypotelus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• Diaphoromyces Thaxter, 1926

• D. lispini (Thaxter 1912a): adult Nacaeus tenellus (Erichson) Argentina, Guatemala (Thaxter 1912a, Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1926).

• D. zirophori (Thaxter, 1916): Piestus sp. indet., Trinidad (Thaxter 1916, 1926, Tavares 1985).

• Diclonomyces Thaxter, 1931

• D. eumicrophilus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Scydmaenus sp. (as Eumicrus sp.) Cameroon (Thaxter 1915, 1931).

• D. stilomedonis Thaxter, 1931: adult Stilomedon strigicollis Sharp, Guatemala (Thaxter 1931).

• D. subgaleatus (Thaxter, 1915): adult scydmaenine, Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915, 1931).

• Dimeromyces Thaxter, 1896

• = Eudimeromyces Thaxter, 1918

• = Jeanneliomyces Lepesme, 1945 (nomen nudum).

• D. copropori Thaxter, 1920a: adult Coproporus sp. Cameroon (Thaxter 1920, 1924).

• D. gracilis Thaxter, 1920a: adult aleocharine, Cameroon (Thaxter 1920a, 1924).

• D. gyrophaenae Thaxter, 1920a: adult Gyrophaena sp., Cameroon (Thaxter 1920, 1924).

• D. osellae Rossi, 2010: adult Plesiomalota cotopaxiensis Pace, Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• D. roreri Thaxter, 1920a: adult Gyrophaena sp., Trinidad (Thaxter 1920a, 1924).

• D. versicolor Majewski and Sugiyama, 1985: adult Pseudoplandria spiniventris (Bernhauer) Japan (Majewski and Sugiyama 1985b).

NOTE: Lepesme (1945) reported “Jeanneliomyces tachyoryctidii” (nomen nudum) on larvae of a scydmaenine on Mount Elgon in Uganda.

• Dimorphomyces Thaxter, 1893

• D. acutus Sugiyama and Majewski, 1985: adult Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) Bali, Indonesia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985a).

• D. argentinensis Spegazzini, 1912: adult Zyras argentinus Lynch (as Myrmedonia argentina), Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, Thaxter 1924).

• D. baliensis Sugiyama and Majewski, 1985: adult aleocharine (gen. et sp. indet.) Bali, Indonesia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985a).

• D. bledii Thaxter, 1920a: adult Bledius emarginatus (Say), KS, USA (Thaxter 1920a, 1924).

• D. brevirostris Thaxter, 1920a: adult Coproporus sp., Guatemala, Brazil, Jamaica (Thaxter 1920a).

• D. carolinae Rossi, 2010: adult Parosus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• D. decipiens (Thaxter, 1920a): adult Eleusis sp., Cameroon (Thaxter 1920a, 1924).

• D. denticulatus Thaxter, 1893: adult Falagria dissecta Erichson, MA, USA (Thaxter 1893).

• D. eleusinus Thaxter, 1920b: adult of Inopeplus (Salpingidae), not Eleusis (Staphylinidae), so do not count this parasite as having a staphylinid host.

• D. grenadinus Thaxter, 1920a: adult ?genus of Aleocharinae, Grenada (Thaxter 1920a, 1924).

• D. muticus Thaxter, 1894: adult Falagria dissecta Erichson, MA, ME, USA (Thaxter 1894, 1896, 1924).

• D. myrmedoniae Thaxter, 1900: adult “Myrmedonia flavicornis,” invalid name, perhaps a species of Zyras, Guatemala (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1924); Tachyusa constricta Erichson and Gnypeta rubrior Tottenham and Mocyta fungi (Gravenhorst) Poland (Majewski 1983); Tachyusa balteata Erichson, Greece and Italy (Castaldo et al. 2004).

• D. philippinensis Rossi and Santamaría, 2000: adult Pseudoplandria drugmandi Pace, Philippines (Rossi and Santamaría 2000).

• D. platensis Spegazzini, 1917: adult Apocellus parvipennis Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Apocellus sp., Brazil (Rossi and Bergonzo 2008).

• =D. vulgatissimus Spegazzini, 1917: adult Apocellus argentinus Bernhauer and Apocellus mendozanus Steinheil and Apocellus opacus Bernhauer, Argentina and Uruguay (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1924).

• =D. furcatus Thaxter, 1920a: adult Apocellus sp., Guatemala (Thaxter 1920a).

• D. pygosteni Thaxter, 1926: adult Typhlonemys pubescens (Wasmann) as “Pygostenus kamerunensis,” invalid name, but probably Pygostenus thaxteri Bernhauer, a synonym, Cameroon (Thaxter 1926).

• D. phloeoporae Thaxter, 1900 (originally as D. thleoporae but emended): adult Phloeoporus corticalis (Gravenhorst) Madeira (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1924, Hincks 1960).

• D. rotundatus Sugiyama and Majewski, 1985: adult Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) Bali, Indonesia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985a).

• D. trogophloei Spegazzini, 1917: adult Carpelimus tenuipunctus Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• D. verticalis Thaxter, 1912a: adult Atheta lurida (Erichson) Argentina and Atheta spp., Argentina and Guatemala and Oxypoda spp., Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1924, Spegazzini 1917).

• Dioicomyces Thaxter, 1901

• D. floridanus (Thaxter, 1893): adult Bledius basalis LeConte, FL, USA (Thaxter 1893, 1901b, 1908); and Bledius sp., Ipswich, England, from Thaxter’s type series (Santamaría 2002).

• D. obliqueseptatus (Thaxter, 1900): adult of genus nr. Myrmedonia, Brazil (Thaxter 1900, 1901b, 1908, Santamaría 2002).

• Diphymyces Spegazzini, 1917

• D. penicillifer Weir and Rossi, 1997: adult Stenomalium helmsi (Cameron) New Zealand (Weir and Rossi 1997), Nesomalium pacificum (Kiesenwetter) New Zealand; Allodrepa decipiens Steel, Antipodes Islands, New Zealand (Hughes et al. 2004).

• Diplomyces Thaxter, 1895

• D. actobianus Thaxter, 1895: adult Erichsonius nanus (Horn) MA, USA (Thaxter 1895, 1896, 1931).

• D. atanygnathi Thaxter, 1931: adult Atanygnathus pictus Motschulsky [cited as A. ruficollis (Kraatz), a synonym], Cameroon [identification is unlikely because this is an Asian species], and Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931).

• D. clavifer Rossi and Cesari Rossi, 1978: adult Erichsonius signaticornis (Mulsant and Rey) Italy (Rossi and Cesari Rossi 1978); Erichsonius cinerascens (Gravenhorst) Finland, Sweden (Huldén 1983) Poland (Majewski 1983); Erichsonius sp., Spain (Santamaría 1999).

• Dipodomyces Thaxter, 1931

• D. phloeocharidis Majewski, 1982: adult Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim, Poland (Majewski 1982, Tavares 1985).

• Ecteinomyces Thaxter, 1902

• E. bonariensis Spegazzini, 1917: adult Pseudodinusa ?richteri Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917). Tavares (1985) declared that the species does not belong to Ecteinomyces, but did not transfer it elsewhere.

• Euceratomyces Thaxter, 1931

• E. terrestris (Thaxter, 1894): adult Lathrobium terminatum Gravenhorst, ME, USA (Thaxter 1894, 1931); Lathrobium angustatum Lacordaire and Lathrobium sp., Spain (Santamaría 1995).

• Euhaplomyces Thaxter, 1901b

• E. ancyrophori Thaxter, 1901b: adult Ochthephilus aureus (Fauvel) Scotland, France (Thaxter 1901b, 1908, Picard 1913b, Hake 1923, Balazuc 1974).

• Eumonoicomyces Thaxter, 1901b

• E. papuanus Thaxter, 1901b: adult Oxytelus sp., New Britain, and Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1901b, 1908, 1931); Anotylus nitidulus (Gravenhorst) Poland Poland (Majewski 1987); Anotylus rugosus (F.) Denmark (Rostrup 1916); Platystethus sp., Tibet, China (Shen and Ye 2006)

• = E. argentinensis Spegazzini, 1912: adult Anotylus insignitus (Gravenhorst), Uruguay, and Platystethus fallax Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, 1917, Thaxter 1931). There exists some doubt about this synonymy and even about generic assignment (Tavares 1985).

• E. platystethi Thaxter, 1931: adult Platystethus spectabilis Kraatz, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• Euphoriomyces Thaxter, 1931

• E. chaekyui Lee and Na, 2011: adult Scaphisoma rufum Achard, South Korea (Lee and Na 2011).

• E. huggertii Majewski, 1983: adult Proteinus brachypterus (F.) and Acrulia inflata (Gyllenhal) Poland (Majewski 1983).

• E. sugiyamae Majewski, 1988a: adult Scaphisoma rufum Achard, Japan and South Korea (Majewski 1988a, Lee et al. 2007).

• Euzodiomyces Thaxter, 1900

• E. capillarius Cépède and Picard, 1908a: adult Lobrathium multipunctum (Gravenhorst) France, Belgium (Cépède and Picard presented in a talk in 1907 but published formally 1908a, 1908b, Thaxter 1931, Collart 1945, Balazuc 1973b); Lathrobium geminum Kraatz, Belgium (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); Lobrathium anale (Lucas) Algeria (Maire 1916a, Balazuc 1973b).

• E. lathrobii Thaxter, 1900: adult Lathrobium angusticolle Boisduval and Lacordaire, France (Picard 1917, Lepesme 1941, Balazuc 1973b); L. armatum Say, IL and MO, USA (Benjamin and Shanor 1951, Balazuc 1973b); L. brunnipes (F.) Belgium, England, Germany (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913b, Collart 1945, Scheloske 1969, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); L. elongatum (L.) Netherlands, Poland (Middelhoek 1943a, b, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Balazuc 1973b, Majewski 1994a), Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Lathrobium fovulum Stephens, Germany (Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973b); L. geminum Kraatz, Netherlands, Germany (Middelhoek 1943b, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973b); L. impressum Heer (= L. filiforme Gravenhorst) England, Poland (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Picard 1913b, Majewski 1973b, Balazuc 1973b); L. laevipenne Heer, Switzerland, Netherlands (Baumgartner 1923, Middelhoek 1943b, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Balazuc 1973b); L. longulum Gravenhorst, Germany (Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973b) Finland (Huldén 1983); L. simile LeConte, IL, USA (Benjamin and Shanor 1951, Balazuc 1973b); L. zetterstedti Rye (= L. punctatum Zetterstedt) England (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Cépède and Picard 1908b, Picard 1913b, Hake 1923); Lathrobium spp. indet. Germany, Japan, and MI, USA (Poelt 1952a, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Benjamin and Shanor 1951, Balazuc 1974, Sugiyama 1973, 1974); Lobrathium anale (Lucas) Algeria (Maire 1916a, Balazuc 1973b); L. manueli (Fauvel), Italy (Rossi 1975); Lobrathium multipunctum (Gravenhorst) Belgium (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); Lobrathium yoshidai Adachi, Japan (Majewski 1988a); Lobrathium sp., Morocco (Santamaría and Rossi 1999); Homaeotarsus bicolor (Gravenhorst) IL, USA (Benjamin and Shanor 1951, Balazuc 1973b); Achenium humile (Nicolai) Czech Republic (Rossi et al. 2010); Xantholinus sp. indet., Germany (Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973b); Hemiquedius ferox (LeConte), IL, USA (Benjamin and Shanor 1951, Balazuc 1973b).

• Haplomyces Thaxter, 1893, reported only on Blediu s spp. (Oxytelinae).

• H. californicus Thaxter 1893: adult Bledius ornatus LeConte, CA, USA (Thaxter 1893, 1896).

• H. texanus Thaxter, 1893: adult Bledius bicornis (Germar) Germany (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913b, Balazuc 1974); B. cribricollis Heer, France (Maire 1916b, Thaxter 1931, Scheloske 1969); B. gallicus (Gravenhorst) [= B. fracticornis (Paykull)] Netherlands (Middelhoek 1943b, 1947a, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Balazuc 1974); B. opacus (Block) England (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913, Hake 1923, Balazuc 1974); B. spectabilis Kraatz, France (Balazuc 1974); B. subterraneus Erichson, Germany (Thaxter 1906, Balazuc 1974); B. unicornis Germar (= B. juvencus Erichson) France (Thaxter 1908, Balazuc 1973); Bledius cribricollis Heer and Bledius graellsi Fauvel, Italy (Rossi and Cesari Rossi 1980); Bledius atricapillus (Germar) and Bledius longulus Erichson, Poland (Majewski 1984); Bledius arcticus Sahlberg, Bledius diota Schiødte, Bledius filipes Sharp, Bledius gallicus (Gravenhorst), Bledius kutsae Kangas, Bledius longulus Erichson, Bledius opacus (Block), Bledius pallipes (Gravenhorst), Bledius poppiusi Bernhauer, Bledius vilis Mäklin, Finland (Huldén 1983); Bledius sp., Heilongjiang, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• H. virginianus Thaxter, 1893: adult Bledius emarginatus (Say) VA, USA (Thaxter 1893, 1896). Balazuc (1974) denied the presence of this species in France, citing an earlier published claim to the contrary as a misidentification of H. texanus).

• Idiomyces Thaxter, 1893, reported only on Deleaster spp. (Oxytelinae).

• I. peyritschii Thaxter, 1893: adult Deleaster dichrous (Gravenhorst) (= D. adustus Küster) Austria, Germany, France, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Caucasus (Russia), Switzerland, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia, Greece (Thaxter 1893, 1896, 1908, 1931, Picard 1913b, Baumgartner 1923, Hake 1923, Siemaszko and Siemaszko, 1932, Bánhegyi 1940, 1960, Middelhoek 1943, 1960, Stadelmann and Poelt 1963, Balazuc 1974, Rossi 1978, Weir 1994, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, Castaldo et al. 2004); Deleaster yokoyamai Adachi, Japan (Terada 1977).

• Ilyomyces Picard, 1917, reported only on Steninae.

• I. dianoi Weir: adult Dianous sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia (Weir 1995).

• I. lavagnei (Picard 1913a): adult Stenus aceris Stephens (= S. elegans Fairmaire) France (Picard 1913a, 1917, Thaxter 1931, Lepesme 1941, Balazuc 1971c, 1974).

• I. mairei Picard, 1917: adult Stenus elegans Rosenhauer, France (Picard 1917); Stenus aceris Stephens (= S. elegans Fairmaire) France (Thaxter 1931, Lepesme 1941, Balazuc 1971c, 1974); Stenus clavicornis (Scopoli) MA, USA (Haelewaters 2013, Haelewaters et al. 2015).

• I. victoriae Weir: adult Stenus sp. Sulawesi, Indonesia (Weir 1995).

• Kainomyces Thaxter, 1901, reported only on Eleusis (Osoriinae).

• K. alutellae Thaxter, 1931: adult Eleusis alutella Fauvel, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931); Eleusis coarctata Sharp, Japan (Sugiyama 1973).

• K. hyalinus Terada, 1978: adult Eleusis humilis (Erichson) Taiwan (Terada 1978, Shen and Ye 2006).

• K. isomali Thaxter, 1901b: adult Eleusis conradti Fauvel, Tanzania (Thaxter 1901b); “Eleusis schwabi Bernhauer,” invalid name, and Eleusis sp. Cameroon (Thaxter 1931); adult Eleusis kraatzi Fauvel, Philippines and Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931) and Taiwan (Sugiyama 1978a, Shen and Ye 2006); Eleusis lunigera Fauvel, Philippines and Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931); Eleusis sp., Java, Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931); “Maseochara sumatrensis Bernhauer,” invalid name (Thaxter 1931).

• Kleidiomyces Thaxter, 1908, reported on Aleocharinae and Oxytelinae, perhaps by error.

• K. ambiguus Rossi, 2010: adult Anotylus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• K. furcillatus (Thaxter, 1908): adult Aleochara repetita Sharp, Panama (Thaxter 1908, 1912a, 1931).

• K. hoplandriae Thaxter 1931: adult “Hoplandria carinicollis Bernhauer,” invalid name, Trinidad, and “Hoplandria quadridentata Bernhauer,” invalid name, Grenada (Thaxter 1931).

• K. venezolanus Thaxter 1931: adult “ Atheta venezolana Bernhauer,” invalid name, Venezuela (Thaxter 1931).

• Kyphomyces Tavares, 1985

• K. ansatus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Lithocharis ochracea (Gravenhorst) and Scopaeus apicipennis Sharp, Trinidad (Thaxter, 1931).

• K. appendiculata (Thaxter, 1931): adult Coproporus sumatrensis Bernhauer, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• K. argentinensis (Spegazzini, 1917): adult Coproporus sp. (as “Coproporus argentinus,” an invalid name) Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• K. bicornis (Thaxter, 1931): adult Coproporus rutilus (Erichson) Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• K. carinatus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Coproporus sp., Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• K. copropori (Thaxter, 1912a): Coproporus rutilus (Erichson) Argentina and Guatemala (Thaxter 1912a, 1931).

• K. devexirostris (Spegazzini, 1917): adult Coproporus sp. (as “Coproporus argentinus”) (Spegazzini 1917); Coproporus rutilus (Erichson) as [C. terminalis (Erichson)] Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• K. filarius (Thaxter, 1912a): adult Coproprorus rutilus (Erichson) Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931).

• K. grenadinus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Coproporus pulchellus (Erichson) Grenada (Thaxter 1931).

• K. philippinus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Coproporus latus Motschulsky, Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• K. platensis (Spegazzini, 1917): adult Coproporus platensis Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Achenomorphus latro (Sharp) Venezuela (Thaxter 1931).

• K. rhizophorus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Rugilus ceylanensis (Kraatz), Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• K. stilici (Thaxter, 1931): adult Rugilus ceylanensis (Kraatz), Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• K. thinocharinus (Thaxter 1912a): adult Thinocharis exilis (Erichson) Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931, Spegazzini 1917).

• Laboulbenia Montagne and Robin, 1853

• L. achenii Maire, 1920: adult Achenium tenellum Erichson, Algeria (Maire 1920).

• L. atlantica Thaxter, 1908: adult Lobrathium multipunctum (Gravenhorst) Madeira, France, Belgium, Canary Islands (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913b, Collart 1945, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, Arndt and Santamaría 2004) and on Zargus schaumi Wollaston (as “Gargus schaumii Woll.”) (Carabidae), Madeira (Thaxter 1908)

• L. atrosepta Majewski, 1989: adult Rugilus erichsoni Fauvel, Poland (Majewski 1989).

• L. barbara Middelhoek and Boelens, 1943: adult Philonthus punctus (Gravenhorst) Netherlands (Middelhoek 1943); Philonthus fumarius (Gravenhorst) Italy (Rossi 1975); Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) South Korea (Lee et al. 2005).

• L. bergiana Spegazzini, 1917: adult Pinophilus bergi Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• L. cafii Thaxter, 1899: adult Cafius seminitens Horn and C. canescens Mäklin, CA, USA, and C. bisulcatus Solier, Chile (Thaxter 1899); Cafius sericeus (Holme) Great Britain, Italy, Spain (Thaxter 1899, 1908, Picard 1913b, Hake 1923, Colla 1926, 1934, Rossi 1978, Santamaría 1998); Cafius xantholoma (Gravenhorst) Belgium, France, Canary Islands (Collart 1945, Balazuc 1974, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, Arndt and Santamaría 2004); Phucobius simulator Sharp, Japan (Sugiyama 1973); Cafius sp., Hong Kong, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• L. cristata Thaxter, 1893: adult Paederus littorarius Gravenhorst and P. obliteratus LeConte, ME, USA (Thaxter 1893); Paederus australis Guérin-Méneville, Australia; Paederus coarctatus Erichson, Brazil; Paederus duplex Eppelsheim, Ethiopia; Paederus erythoderus Erichson, Mexico; Paederus luridiventris Sharp, Panama; Paederus rutilicornis Erichson, Colombia (Thaxter 1908); Paederus fuscipes Curtis (= P. longipennis Erichson), India, Italy, Switzerland, France, Hungary, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Hunan, China, and Malaya, Malaysia, and Greece (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913b, Spegazzini 1914, Baumgartner 1923, 1927, Colla 1925, 1926, 1934, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Bánhegyi 1940, Kurosa 1958, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Sugiyama 1973, Balazuc 1974, Sugiyama and Shazawa 1977, Sugiyama and Majewski 1985b, Lee 1986, Majewski 1988a, Castaldo et al. 2004, Shen and Ye 2006); Paederus bruchi Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, 1917); Paederus littoralis Gravenhorst, Italy, Belgium, France, Hungary, former Yugoslavia, Switzerland, USSR (Picard 1913b, Spegazzini 1914, 1915a, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Colla 1926, 1934, Baumgartner 1934, Bánhegyi 1940, Lepesme 1941, Collart 1945, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Balazuc 1974, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Paederus riparius (L.) Italy, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Hungary, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland (Picard 1913b, Spegazzini 1914, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Colla 1934, Kossen 1936, Bánhegyi 1940, Middelhoek 1943b, Collart 1945, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Balazuc 1974, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, Majewski 1994a, Rossi and Máca 2006); Paederus madagascariensis Erichson, Madagascar (Spegazzini 1915a, Balazuc 1982); Paederus lusitanicus Aubé, Portugal (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932); Paederus limnophilus Erichson, Poland (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932); Paederus brevipennis Lacordaire, Hungary, Germany (Banhegyi 1940, Poelt 1952a); Paederus parallelus Weise, Japan and South Korea (Sugiyama 1973, Lee 1986, Lee et al. 2002); Paederus alternans Walker, Malaya, Malaysia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985b); Paederus tamulus Erichson, Bangladesh (Lepesme 1941) and Hainan Island, China (Shen and Ye 2006); Paederidus rubrothoracicus (Goeze (= P. longicornis Aubé) Italy, Poland, France, former Yugoslavia, Greece (Spegazzini 1915, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Colla 1934, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Balazuc 1974, Castaldo et al., 2004); Paederidus ruficollis (F.) (= P. gemellus Kraatz) Austria, France, Italy, Switzerland, Poland, Hungary, Germany (Thaxter 1893, 1896, Picard 1913b, Spegazzini 1914, Picard 1917, Baumgartner 1923, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Colla 1934, Bánhegyi 1940, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1974); Megalopaederus poweri (Sharp) Japan (Sugiyama 1973); Paederus sp., Spain (Santamaria 1992a).

• L. dolicaontis Maire, 1920: adult Leptobium densiventre (Fauvel) Algeria (Maire 1920); Leptobium gracile (Gravenhorst), Spain (Santamaría 1993).

• L. dubia Thaxter, 1902: adult Philonthus politus (L.) England (Thaxter 1902), Poland and Germany (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Scheloske 1969); Philonthus fuscipennis (Mannerheim) France, Belgium, Poland, Latvia (Picard 1917, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1928, Briedis 1932, Collart 1945); Philonthus mannerheimi Fauvel, Poland, Germany (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1928, Scheloske 1969); Philonthus cognatus (Stephens) Belgium (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); Philonthus spp. Turkey and Spain (Santamaría 1993, 1996a).

• = L. philonthicola Spegazzini, 1915a: adult Philonthus fuscipennis (Mannerheim) France (Lepesme 1941); Philonthus decorus (Gravenhorst) Germany (Scheloske 1969); Philonthus politus (L.) France (Balazuc 1974).

• L. ecitonis Blum, 1924: adult Ecitophya gracillima Mann, and the host ant Eciton hamatum F. of this inquiline, Ecuador (Rossi 1991).

• L. geodromici Baumgartner, 1923: adult Geodromicus plagiatus (F.), Switzerland (Baumgartner 1923).

• L. gracilis Spegazzini, 1915b: adult Sunius sp., Italy (Spegazzini 1915b).

• L. gregaria Rossi, 2011: adult Philonthus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2011).

• L. gridellii Colla, 1926: adult Platystethus spinosus Erichson, Italy (Colla 1926).

• L. jarrigei Balazuc, 1975): adult Lispinus propinquus Cameron, Reunion (Balazuc 1975, 1982).

• L. kenyensis Rossi and Santamaría, 2000: adult Mimogonus rossii Bordoni, Kenya (Rossi and Santamaría 2000).

• L. lathropini Thaxter, 1912a: adult Lathropinus fulvipes Erichson, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a).

• = L. oedodactyli Spegazzini, 1912: adult “Latrobium,” this misspelling corrected and name of parasite synonymized by Spegazzini (1917). L. lathropinicola Spegazzini, 1917: adult Lathropinus major Blanchard, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• L. latonae Thaxter, 1902: adult Pseudocryptobium spinolae (Guérin-Méneville) Colombia (Thaxter 1902, 1908); Pseudocryptobium sp., Ecuador (Proaño Castro and Rossi 2008).

• L. littoralis De Kesel and Haelewaters, 2014: adult Cafius xantholoma (Gravenhorst) Belgium, Netherlands, France, Italy (De Kesel and Haelewaters 2014). [Until 2014, this species was frequently misidentified as L. slackensis Cépède and Picard, 1908a, a parasite of Carabidae].

• L. micrandra Rossi, 2011: adult Lobrathium sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2011).

• L. moiwae Terada, 1980: adult Domene crassicornis Sharp, Japan (Terada 1980).

• L. oedichiri Thaxter, 1902: adult Oedichirus sp., Brazil (Thaxter 1903, 1908).

• L. oedodactyli Thaxter, 1899: adult Oedodactylus fuscobrunneus Fairmaire and Germain, Chile, Argentina (Thaxter 1899, 1908, Spegazzini 1912).

• L. outambensis Rossi, 1986: adult Lobrathium sp., Sierra Leone (Rossi 1986).

• L. parriaudi Balazuc, 1974: adult Bledius fergussoni Joy (= B. arenarius (Paykull) France (Balazuc 1974); Bledius spp., Turkey and Spain (Santamaría 1989, 1996a).

• L. pedicellata Thaxter, 1892: adult Bembidion sp. (Carabidae) ME, USA, but reported from Aleochara tenuicornis Kraatz, Algeria (Maire 1920).

• L. philonthi Thaxter, 1893: adult Philonthus aequalis Horn, “Lake Superior,” USA, and P. cunctans Horn and P. debilis (Gravenhorst) “New England,” USA (Thaxter 1893); Philonthus micans (Gravenhorst) “New England,” USA, Poland, France, Italy (Thaxter 1893, 1896); Philonthus furvus Nordmann, Mexico and California, USA (Thaxter 1896); Philonthus accedens Sharp and Philonthus occultus Sharp, Guatemala, and Philonthus incertus Solsky and Philonthus ochromerus Sharp, Mexico (Thaxter 1908); Philonthus convexicollis Lynch, and Philonthus hepaticus Erichson, and Philonthus parvimanus Sharp) Argentina (Spegazzini 1912); Philonthus quadraticeps Boheman, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Philonthus fulvipes (F.) Germany, Poland, Turkey, Italy (Scheloske 1969, Majewski 1973a, Balazuc 1974, Rossi 1975); Philonthus punctus (Gravenhorst) France (Balazuc 1974); Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal) (= P. dimidiatus Boisduval and Lacordaire), Germany, France (Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1974); Philonthus concinnus (Gravenhorst) and Philonthus nigritus (Gravenhorst) and Philonthus oblitus Jarrige, Italy (Rossi 1975); Philonthus rubripennis (Stephens) and Philonthus rufimanus Erichson, Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004); Philonthus wuesthoffi Bernhauer, South Korea (Lee and Na 1998, Lee et al. 2002, 2011b), Philonthus micans (Gravenhorst) Netherlands (Haelewaters et al. 2014); Philonthus fumarius (Gravenhorst) Czech Republic (Rossi and Máca 2006); Philonthus carbonarius (Gravenhorst) and P. lomatus Erichson, MA, USA and P. aurulentus Horn, Quebec, Canada, and Oligotergus fasciatus (Nordmann) Venezuela (Haelewaters et al. 2015), Philonthus, Spatulonthus, Paragabrius, Turkey and Spain (Santamaría et al. 1991, Santamaría 1996a).

• L. platyprosopi Thaxter, 1902: adult Platyprosopus beduinus Nordmann, Sudan (Thaxter 1902, 1908).

• L. quedii Thaxter, 1893: adult Anaquedius vernix (LeConte) as “ Quedius vernilis LeC,” IL, USA (Thaxter 1893, 1896).

• L. richardii Rossi and Santamaría, 2000: adult Phlaeopterus castaneus Casey, OR, USA and Phlaeopterus sp., ID, USA and Vellica longipennis Casey, CA, USA, and Unamis sp., CA and UT, USA (Rossi and Santamaría 2000).

• L. stenolophi Spegazzini, 1914: adult Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) South Korea (Lee and Na 1998, Lee et al. 2002).

• L. subterranea Thaxter, 1896: adult Pseudanophthalmus sp. (Carabidae) (Thaxter 1896); Rugilus geniculatus (Erichson), Rugilus similis (Erichson) and R. orbiculatus (Paykull), Europe (Thaxter 1908); Rugilus similis (Erichson) Finland (Huldén 1983); Rugilus rufipes Germar, Netherlands (Middelhoek 1943b); Rugilus orbiculatus (Paykull) Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991).

• = ? L. stilicicola Spegazzini, 1915: adult Rugilus fragilis (Gravenhorst) [as R. angustatus (Fourcroy)] Italy (Spegazzini 1915), synonymized by Colla (1934); Rugilus rufipes Germar, Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004).

• L. taenodemae Thaxter, 1899: adult Taenodema cinerea Sharp, Brazil (Thaxter 1899, 1908); Taenodema sp., Ecuador (Bernardi et al. 2014).

• L. trogacti Rossi, 2011: adult Trogactus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2011).

• L. vulgaris Peyritsch, 1873: adult Bembidion spp. (Carabidae) and Deleaster dichrous (Gravenhorst) (Peyritsch 1873); Lesteva villardi Rey, France, some doubt of fungal identity (Balazuc 1974).

NOTE: At least three species, L. pedicicillata, L. subterranea, and L. vulgaris seem to have Carabidae as primary hosts, with the issue divided for L. atlantica.

• Meionomyces Thaxter, 1931

• M. astenalis Thaxter 1931, adult Astenus pulchellus Kraatz, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• M. asteni Thaxter, 1931: adult Astenus cognatus Sharp, Guatemala (Thaxter 1931).

• M. astenicola Thaxter, 1931: adult Astenus pulchellus Kraatz, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• M. thaxterelli Thaxter, 1931: adult Octavius sulcicollis (Bernhauer), Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

NOTE: M. dibelonetis Thaxter, 1931 was transferred to Phaulomyces by Tavares (1985).

• Mimeomyces Thaxter, 1912

• M. andinus (Spegazzini 1917): adult Cheilocolpus impressifrons (Solier), Argentina, Chile (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1918, 1931).

• M. atropurpureus (Thaxter, 1900): adult Quedius basiventris Sharp and Q. graciliventris Sharp, Panama (Thaxter 1900, 1931).

• M. brachydiri (Thaxter, 1900): adult Nordus antennatus (Sharp), Peru (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1931).

• M. chiriquensis (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Quedius flavicaudus Sharp, Panama (Thaxter 1901b, 1912a, 1931).

• M. decipiens Thaxter, 1912a: adult “ Quedius sorecocephalus Bernhauer,” invalid name, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931).

• M. deplanatus Tavares, 1985: adult “ Quedius sorecocephalus Bernhauer,” invalid name, Argentina (Tavares 1985).

• M. formicetorum (Spegazzini, 1917): adult Heterothops formicetorum Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• M. gregarius Rossi, 2010: adult Philonthus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• M. latonae (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Pseudocryptobium spinolae (Guérin-Méneville), Colombia (Thaxter 1901b, 1908, 1931).

• M. macropus (Thaxter, 1912a): adult Heterothops thaxteri Bernhauer, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931).

• M. quedionuchi (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Quedius impunctus Solsky, Mexico and “ Quedius sorecocephalus Bernhauer” invalid name, Argentina (Thaxter 1901b, 1912a, 1931).

• M. trogacttii Rossi, 2010: adult Trogactus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• M. valdivianus (Thaxter 1918): adult Cheilocolpus impressifrons (Solier), Chile (Thaxter 1918, 1931).

• M. zeelandicus Middelhoek and Boelens, 1943b: Heterothops binotatus (Gravenhorst), Netherlands and H. quadripunctulus (Gravenhorst) Poland, Spain (Middelhoek and Boelens 1943b, Majewski 1989, Santamaría 1995a).

• Misgomyces Thaxter, 1900

• M. dyschirii Thaxter, 1931: on adults of the carabid genus Dyschirius, which often is associated with Bledius as a predator within its tunnels; Bledius graellsi Fauvel, Spain (Santamaría 1995b).

• = M. lavagnei Picard 1913b: adult Bledius spectabilis Kraatz, France, Italy (Picard 1913b, Maire 1916a, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973b, Rossi 1975, Tavares 1985).

NOTE: Tavares (1985) transferred 14 species, all of which have staphylinid hosts, to other genera.

• Monoicomyces Thaxter, 1900

• M. aleocharae Thaxter, 1901b: adult Aleochara bohemani Bernhauer and Scheerpeltz (= A. rufipes Boheman) Tanzania (Thaxter 1901b, 1908).

• M. amauroderae Thaxter, 1915: adult Amaurodera kraepelini Fauvel, Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915, 1931).

• M. asymmetricus Thaxter, 1931: adult Atheta opaca Fauvel (surely misidentified because host range is East Africa) and Atheta platygaster Kraatz and “ Homalota pseudocribrum Bernhauer” (invalid name), all in Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• M. athetae Thaxter, 1900: adult Aloconota insecta (Thomson) England, Poland (Thaxter 1900, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932); Atheta cinnamoptera (Thomson) England (Thaxter 1931); Atheta tibialis (Heer) Czech Republic (Rossi and Máca 2006); Atheta aterrima (Gravenhorst) and Atheta gagatina (Baudi) Poland (Majewski 1994a); Mocyta fungi (Gravenhorst) Poland (Majewski 1984); Evanystes circellaris (Gravenhorst) Germany (Scheloske 1969).

• M. barberi Thaxter, 1931: adult Oxytelus nimius Casey, MD, USA (Thaxter 1931).

• M. benjaminii Santamaría, 1996b: adult Atheta sp., OR, USA (Santamaría 1996b).

• M. bolitocharae Majewski, 1994: adult Bolitochara obliqua (Erichson) Poland (Majewski 1994b).

• M. britannicus Thaxter, 1900: adult Aloconota insecta (Thomson) England (Thaxter 1900); “ Homalota sp.,” France, Germany (Picard 1917, Lepesme 1941, Scheloske 1969); Atheta longicornis (Gravenhorst) Finland and western Russia (Huldén 1983); Atheta fungi (Gravenhorst) Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Atheta sp., Spain (Santamaría 1992a); Acrotona pseudotenera (Cameron) Netherlands (Haelewaters et al. 2014); Drusilla canaliculata (F.) Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004).

• M. californicus (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Oxytelus sp., CA, USA (Thaxter 1901b, 1931); Anotylus sculpturatus (Gravenhorst) Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991). According to Thaxter (1931) a record from Anotylus inustus (Gravenhorst) in Algeria by Maire (1920) is of some other fungal species, not M. californicus.

• M. caloderae Thaxter, 1912b: adult Calodera spp., and Atheta sp., Argentina, and “Atheta chilensis Bernhauer,” invalid name, Chile (Thaxter 1912b, 1931).

• = M. ocaleae Spegazzini, 1917: adult Ocalea funebris Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931).

• M. ceylonensis Santamaría, 1996b: adult Atheta inornata Kraatz, Sri Lanka (Santamaría 1996b).

• M. chosunensis Lee, 1986: adult Atheta sp., South Korea (Lee 1986)

• M. denticulatus Thaxter, 1915: adult Stenomastax nigrescens (Fauvel), Java, Indonesia, and Atheta platygaster Kraatz, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915, 1931); Homalota sp., Bali, Indonesia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985a).

• M. diestotae Thaxter, 1931: adult Diestota testacea (Kraatz), Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• M. doryloniae Thaxter, 1931: adult Ocyplanus amaneensis (Eichelbaum) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• M. dorylonillae Thaxter, 1931: adult perhaps of Dorylonilla spinipennis Wasmann, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• M. echidnoglossae Thaxter 1901b: adult Blepharymenus sp. (as “Echidnoglossa americana Fauvel,” invalid name) Colorado, USA (Thaxter 1901b, 1908).

• M. eleusinus Thaxter, 1931: adult “Eleusis reynoldsii Bernhauer,” invalid name, Venezuela (Thaxter 1931).

• M. falagriae Thaxter, 1931: adult Falagria coarticollis Fauvel, Cameroon, and Falagria spp. indet., Jamaica, and OH, USA (Thaxter 1931).

• M. focarilei Rossi, 1981: adult Leptusa piceata Mulsant and Rey, Switzerland, and L. montisgrappae Pace, Italy (Rossi 1981).

• M. fragilis Scheloske, 1969: adult Ocalea picata (Stephens) Germany (Scheloske 1969), France (Santamaría 1996b), Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Ocalea concolor Kiesenwetter, Spain (Santamaría 1996b); Oxypoda opaca (Gravenhorst) Poland (Majewski 1994a).

• M. furcatus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Anotylus insignitus (Gravenhorst) Jamaica, Haiti, Guatemala (Thaxter 1931); Oxytelus laqueatus (Marsham) Finland and western Russia (Huldén 1983).

• M. gibbosus Thaxter, 1931: adult Stenomastax cribrum (Fauvel) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• M. gnypetae Thaxter, 1931: adult Gnypeta modesta Bernhauer, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931, Balazuc 1971b).

• M. homalotae Thaxter, 1900: adult Atheta dilutipennis (Motschulsky) (as Homalota putrescens Wollaston, a synonym), Azores (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1931, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Petch 1944, Hincks 1960, Balazuc 1974); Atheta sp., Argentina (Thaxter 1912a); Atheta lurida (Erichson) Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Atheta amicula (Stephens) and A. parens Mulsant and Rey, and A. pertyi (Heer), Algeria (Maire 1920); Atheta gagatina (Baudi) and A. triangulum (Kraatz) Netherlands (Middelhoek 1943a, b); Atheta xanthopus (Thomson) Netherlands (Middelhoek 1947); Atheta nigrifrons (Erichson) Germany (Scheloske 1969); Atheta transfuga Sharp, Japan (Sugiyama 1978b); Atheta paracrassicornis Brundin, Finland (Huldén 1983); Atheta lewisiana Cameron and Atheta reitteriana Bernhauer, Japan (Majewski 1988a); Atheta luridipennis (Mannerheim) Czech Republic (Rossi et al. 2010); Atheta cinnamoptera (Thomson) and Aloconota mihoki (Bernhauer) Slovakia (Rossi et al. 2010); Atheta aeneipennis (Thomson) and Atheta aterrima (Gravenhorst) and Tachyusa coarctata (Erichson) Poland (Majewski 1994a); Evanystes circellaris (Gravenhorst) Germany (Scheloske 1969); “ Homalota sp.” and Carpelimus sp. ME, NH, USA (Thaxter 1908); “ Homalota sp.,” Italy (Colla 1934); Acrotona sp., Congo-Kinshasa (Rossi and Santamaría 1992); Drusilla canaliculata (F.) England (Weir and Beakes 1993); Geostiba oertzeni (Eppelsheim); and Atheta sp., Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004).

• = M. ternatus Spegazzini, 1915b: adult ?genus, ?subfamily (Spegazzini 1915b, Thaxter 1931, Colla 1934, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962). Synonymy due to Santamaría (1994).

• M. infuscatus Spegazzini, 1912: adult Xantholinus subtilis Boheman, Uruguay, and X. bonariensis Gemminger and Harold (= X. gracilis Boheman) and X. andinus Fauvel, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, 1917, Thaxter 1912a, 1931); Xantholinus longiventris Heer, Poland (Majewski 1989); Xantholinus sp., Spain (Santamaría 1996b).

• M. invisibilis Thaxter, 1900: adult Homalota putrescens Wollaston, a synonym of Atheta dilutipennis (Motschulsky), Azores (Thaxter 1900), but this host association was in the same publication attributed to Monoicomyces homalotae (Thaxter 1900) presumably by confusion; this confusion was resolved by Thaxter (1931) in stating that the host of M. invisibilis in reality is Oxytelus sp.; Anotylus hostilis (Bernhauer) Sumatra, Indonesia, and Anotylus sulcifer (Fauvel) Venezuela (Thaxter 1931); Oxytelus laqueatus (Marsham) Poland (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932); Anotylus insecatus (Gravenhorst) and Oxytelus piceus (L.) Poland (Majewski 1994a); Platystethus arenarius (Fourcroy) Finland, Belgium (Huldén 1983, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Oxytelus sp., Hainan Island, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• = M. affinis Spegazzini, 1915b: adult ?genus, ?subfamily, Italy (Spegazzini 1915b, Thaxter 1931).

• = M. argentinensis (Spegazzini, 1912): adult Platystethus fallax Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, 1917, Thaxter 1931).

• M. javanus Thaxter, 1931: adult Oxytelus sp., Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• M. labiatus Majewski, 1984: adult Mocyta fungi (Gravenhorst) and Gnypeta rubrior Tottenham and Thinonoma atra (Gravenhorst) Poland (Majewski 1984); Acrotona parvula (Mannerheim) Poland (Majewski 1994a); Atheta sp. Spain and OR, USA (Santamaría (1996b).

• M. kamerunensis Thaxter, 1931: adult ?genus nr. Oxytelus , Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• M. leptochiri Thaxter, 1905: adult Borolinus javanicus (Laporte) and B. minutus (Laporte) Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1905, 1908); Borolinus bicornis Nakane and Sawada, Japan (Terada 1977, Sugiyama 1978a); Leptochirus sp., Java and Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1905, 1908); Priochirus unicolor (Laporte) Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1905, 1908); Priochirus sp., Taiwan (Sugiyama 1972, 1978a, Shen and Ye 2006); and Priochirus silvestris Bernhauer, Taiwan (Terada 1981, Shen and Ye 2006).

• M. leptotracheli Thaxter, 1931: adult “Leptotrachela javana Bernhauer,” invalid name, Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• M. luxurians Rossi and Santamaría, 1992: adult Drusilla sp., Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire) (Rossi and Santamaría 1992).

• M. matthiatis (Majewski, 1989): adult Platystethus arenarius (Fourcroy) Poland (Majewski 1989).

• M. myllaenae Santamaría, 2006: adult Myllaena elongata (Matthews) Spain (Santamaría 2006), Netherlands (Haelewaters et al. 2014).

• M. nigrescens Thaxter, 1902: adult Calodera sp., ME, NH, USA (Thaxter 1902, 1908, Scheloske 1969, Rossi 1978); Tachyusa sp., ME, NH, USA (Thaxter 1902, 1908, Scheloske 1969, Rossi 1978); Meronera sharpi Lynch, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931, Scheloske 1969, Rossi 1978); Ocalea funebris Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, Scheloske 1969); Atheta inornata Kraatz, Sri Lanka (Thaxter 1931, Scheloske 1969); Falagria splendens Kraatz, Italy (Rossi 1978); Falagria nigra (Gravenhorst) Poland (Majewski 1994a); Atheta grata Cameron and Taxicera sp., Japan (Majewski 1988a); Atheta nigra (Kraatz) England, Poland (Weir and Beakes 1993, Majewski 1994a); Atheta intermedia (Thomson) Czech Republic (Rossi et al. 2010); unidentified Aleocharinae, Poland, Spain (Majewski 1984, Santamaría 1992a); Atheta pertyi (Heer) and A. sordidula (Erichson) Spain (Santamaría 1996b).

• M. osorianus Thaxter, 1931: adult Neosorius opaculus (Eppelsheim) Cameroon (Thaxter 1931); Neosorius arebianus Cameron, Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire) (Rossi and Santamaría 1992).

• M. oxypodae Thaxter, 1902: adult Oxypoda sp., NH, USA (Thaxter 1902, 1908, 1931); Atheta orbata (Erichson) Balearic Is., Spain, and Atheta nigritula (Gravenhorst) Spain (Santamaría 1996b). Brachygluta fossulata (Reichenbach) Finland (Huldén 1983).

• M. oxytelis Huldén, 1983: adult Oxtelus fulvipes Erichson, Finland (Huldén 1983).

• M. plagiusae Thaxter, 1931: adult Neosilusa sp., as “Plagiusa gracilicornis Bernhauer” invalid genus, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931); Plagiusa sp. [invalid genus in Staphylinidae, perhaps Neosilusa sp.] Japan (Majewski 1988a).

• M. ramosus Thaxter, 1931: adult Falagria latemarginata Bernhauer, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• M. sanctaehelenae Thaxter, 1900: adult Oxytelus alutaceifrons Wollaston, St. Helena (Thaxter 1900, 1908); O. laqueatus (Marsham) (= O. luteipennis Erichson) Germany (Picard 1913b, Maire 1916a, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932); Oxytelus piceus (L.) Algeria (Picard 1913b, Maire 1916a); Oxytelus piceus (L.) Finland (Huldén 1983); Oxytelus ferrugineus Kraatz, Sarawak, Malaysia, and “Oxytelus semisulcatus Bernhauer,” invalid name, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931); Oxytelus lucens Bernhauer, Taiwan (Sugiyama 1981, Shen and Ye 2006); Oxytelus javanus Cameron, Bali, Indonesia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985a); Oxytelus sp., Sierra Leone (Rossi 1994).

• = M. roccae Colla, 1925: Platystethus sp. (as Platistetus) Italy (Colla 1925, Thaxter 1931).

• M. similis Thaxter, 1905: adult ? Homalota sp., ME, USA (Thaxter 1905, 1908).

• M. singularis Thaxter, 1931: adult Oxytelus grandis Eppelsheim, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• M. stenusae Thaxter, 1915: adult Neosilusa ceylonica (Kraatz) Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915, 1931).

• M. trogacti Rossi, 2010: adult Trogactus sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• M. unilateralis Spegazzini, 1915b: adult ?genus, ?subfamily, Italy (Spegazzini 1915b, Thaxter 1931, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962).

• M. venetus Spegazzini, 1915: adult ? Atheta , Italy (Spegazzini 1915, Thaxter 1931).

• M. yamamotoi Majewki and Sugiyama, 1985: adult Thamiaraea diffinis Sharp, Japan (Majewki and Sugiyama 1985b).

• M. zealandicus Thaxter, 1918: adult Atheta fungi (Gravenhorst) New Zealand; A. obtusidens Eppelsheim, South Africa; A. sumatrensis Bernhauer, Sumatra, Indonesia, Atheta sp., Chile (Thaxter 1918, 1931); Atheta pasadenae Bernhauer (given as A. pseudolaticollis Erber and Hinterseher) Spain and CA, USA (Santamaría 1996b).

• Neohaplomyces Benjamin, 1955

• N. cubensis Benjamin, 1955: adult Medon schwarzi Blackwelder, Cuba (Benjamin 1955).

• N. medonalis Benjamin, 1955: adult Medon sp., AZ, CA, USA (Benjamin 1955); Medon brunneus (Erichson) Turkey (Santamaría and Rossi 1999); Medon sp., Spain, Greece (Santamaría and Girbal 1987, Santamaría and Rossi 1999); Thinocharis sp., Madagascar (Santamaría and Rossi 1999).

• N. neomedonalis Benjamin, 1955: adult Medon schwarzi Blackwelder, Cuba (Benjamin 1955);

• Osoriomyces Terada, 1981

• O. rhizophorus Terada, 1981: adult Osorius formosae Bernhauer, Taiwan (Terada 1981, Shen and Ye 2006).

• Peyerimhoffiella Maire, 1916a

• P. elegans Maire 1916a: adult Brachygluta spp., Algeria (Maire 1916a); Brachygluta reichei Motschulsky, B. dichroa (Saulcy), B. lefebvrei (Aubé), B. fossulata (Reichenbach), B. xanthoptera (Reichenbach), Rybaxis longicornis (Leach), Tychus niger (Paykull), Bryaxis bulbifer (Reichenbach), and B. puncticollis (Denny) Germany (Scheloske 1969); Brachygluta fossulata (Reichenbach) Finland (Huldén 1983) and Netherlands (Haelewaters et al. 2014); Brachygluta xanthoptera (Reichenbach) Belgium (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); Brachygluta tibialis (Aubé) Greece and Italy (Castaldo et al. 2004); Brachygluta pandellei (Saulcy), Faronus besucheti Castellini, Rybaxis laminata (Motchulsky), Rybaxis longicornis (Leach), and Trissemus antennatus (Aubé) Italy (Castaldo et al. 2004).

• = R. brachyglutae (Siemaszko and Siemaszko, 1926): adult Brachygluta xanthoptera (Reichenbach) Poland (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1926, Scheloske 1969, Tavares 1985); Brachygluta fossulata (Reichenbach) Poland (Majewski 1994a,b).

• Peyritschiella Thaxter, 1890

• = Dichomyces Thaxter, 1893

• = Rheophila Cépède and Picard, 1908

• P. amazonica Thaxter, 1900: adult of unidentified staphylinid, ?Brazil (Thaxter 1900, 1908).

• P. angolensis (Thaxter, 1900): adult Philonthus sp., Angola (Thaxter 1900).

• P. anisopleura (Spegazzini, 1915b): adult Philonthus hepaticus Erichson, Argentina (Spegazzini 1915b, 1917).

• P. argentinensis (Spegazzini, 1912): adult Xantholinus subtilis Boheman, Uruguay and Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, Thaxter 1931).

• P. arimensis (Thaxter, 1931): adult Belonuchus cognatus Sharp, Trinidad (Thaxter 1931).

• P. australiensis (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Quedius ruficollis (Gravenhorst) Australia (Thaxter 1901b, 1908).

• P. belonuchi (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Belonuchus fuscipes Fauvel, New Guinea (Thaxter, 1901b, 1908)

• P. bicolor (Thaxter, 1931): adult Philonthus borneensis Bernhauer, Sarawak, Malaysia and Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• P. bifida (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Philonthus sp., New Britain (Thaxter 1901b); Philonthus micanticollis Sharp, Japan (Sugiyama 1978b); Bisnius sp., Jiangsu Province, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• P. biformis (Thaxter, 1900): adult Philonthus sp., NY, USA, and Philonthus umbratilis (Gravenhorst) England and Scotland and Madeira and St. Pierre and Miquelon, Poland, Finland (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Hake 1923, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Huldén 1983); Philonthus micanticollis Sharp, Japan and South Korea (Sugiyama 1973, Lee and Lee 1981, Lee et al. 2002), Philonthus peliomerus Kraatz, South Korea (Lee 1986).

• P. cafiana (Thaxter, 1900): adult Cafius puncticeps White, South Africa (Thaxter 1900, 1908).

• P. chilensis (Thaxter, 1918): adult Cheilocolpus impressifrons (Solier) Chile (Thaxter 1918, 1931).

• P. dubia (Thaxter, 1900): adult Philonthus sp., NY, USA (Thaxter 1908); corrected to Philonthus politus (L.) (as Philonthus aeneus Rossi), NY and MA, USA and later Belgium and Germany (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Collart 1945, Scheloske 1969, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991).

• P. eulissi (Thaxter, 1931): adult Eulissus chloropterus Erichson, Australia (Spegazzini 1915b, Scheloske 1960); Xantholinus illucens Erichson, as “Eulyssus illucens,” Trinidad and Grenada (Thaxter 1931).

• P. exilis (Thaxter, 1900): adult Bisnius fimetarius (Gravenhorst) (as Philonthus xanthomerus Kraatz) Mexico (Thaxter 1900); Belonuchus rufipennis (F.) and Philonthus oxyporinus Sharp (Thaxter 1908).

• P. fumosa (Thaxter, 1931): adult Hesperus sp., Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• P. furcifera (Thaxter, 1893): adult Philonthus debilis (Gravenhorst) MA, USA (Thaxter 1893, Saccardo 1895, Benjamin 1971); Philonthus centralis Sharp, Mexico (Thaxter 1908); Philonthus cinctipennis Fauvel origin unstated (Thaxter 1908, Scheloske 1969); Philonthus discoideus (Gravenhorst) MA, USA, Scotland, Finland, Canary Islands, Algeria (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913b, Maire 1916a, Thaxter 1931, Scheloske 1969, Huldén 1983 Arndt and Santamaría 2004); Philonthus rectangulus Sharp, Germany, Netherlands, Japan, South Korea, Poland (Thaxter 1908, Middelhoek 1943b, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Sugiyama 1973, Lee 1986, Majewski 1989); Philonthus oreophilus Fauvel, Australia (Spegazzini 1915a, Scheloske 1969); Philonthus convexicollis Lynch and Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens), Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Philonthus hepaticus Erichson, Argentina and Uruguay (Spegazzini 1912, 1917); Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal) Poland (Majewski 1989); Philonthus amicus Sharp, Japan (Sugiyama 1973) and South Korea (Lee 1986, Lee and Choi 1992); Philonthus albipes (Gravenhorst) and Philonthus puella Nordmann, Finland (Huldén 1983); Philonthus rectangulus Sharp, Japan (Sugiyama 1973) and South Korea (Lee 1986); Philonthus flavocinctus Motschulsky, Taiwan (Sugiyama and Shazawa 1977, Shen and Ye 2006); Philonthus azabuensis Dvořák, South Korea (Lee 1986); Philonthus sericans Sharp, Japan (Majewski 1988a); Philonthus sp., Hubei Province, China (Shen and Ye 2006); Gabrius osseticus (Kolenati) Austria (Stadelmann and Poelt 1962).

• P. gracilis (Thaxter, 1915): adult Hesperus sp., Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915, 1931).

• P. heinemanniana De Kesel, 1998: adult Xantholinus longiventris Heer, Belgium (De Kesel 1998); Leptolinus nothus (Erichson) Italy, Spain (Santamaría and Rossi 1999).

• P. homalotae (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Nehemitropia sordida (Marsham), MA, USA (Thaxter 1901b, 1908); Atheta sp., South Korea (Lee and Choi 1992a); “aleocharine,” South Korea (Lee 1986).

• P. hybrida (Thaxter, 1900): adult Philonthus ventralis (Gravenhorst) England, Madeira, North America (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Picard 1913b, Hake 1923): Philonthus aeneipennis Boheman, Gulf of Oman, Japan, Taiwan (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Terada 1976, 1978); Philonthus gemellus Kraatz, Sri Lanka (Thaxter 1908); Philonthus ventralis (Gravenhorst) Finland (Huldén 1983); Philonthus tardus Kraatz, South Korea (Lee 1986); Philonthus sp., Taiwan (Terada 1976, Shen and Ye 2006).

• P. infecta (Thaxter, 1894): adult Gyrohypnus fracticornis (Müller) (as Xantholinus obsidianus Melsheimer) MA, USA, and Xantholinus sp., Argentina (Thaxter 1894, 1906, 1908, 1931); Leptacinus sp., China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• P. insignis (Thaxter, 1900): adult of unknown subfamily and genus, Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1900).

• P. japonica Terada, 1980: adult Philonthus spadiceus Sharp, Japan (Terada 1980); Philonthus japonicus Sharp, South Korea (Lee et al. 2011b).

• P. javanus (Thaxter, 1900): adult Philonthus sp., ?Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1900).

• P. lampropygi Thaxter, 1931: adult Philothalpus analis (Erichson) Panama (Thaxter 1931).

• P. lepida (Thaxter, 1931): adult Philonthus circumductus Fauvel, Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• P. madagascariensis (Thaxter, 1900): adult Philonthus pollux Fauvel (as “Philonthus sikorae Fauvel,” invalid name) Madagascar (Thaxter 1900); Philonthus turbidus Erichson, Egypt (Maire 1916b, Thaxter 1931).

• P. mexicana (Thaxter, 1901b): adult Philonthus atriceps Sharp, Mexico (Thaxter 1901b, 1908).

• P. nigrescens (Thaxter, 1893): adult Philonthus debilis (Gravenhorst) MA, USA (Thaxter 1893), Scotland, Germany (Scheloske 1969), and Finland (Huldén 1983); adult Philonthus flavocinctus Motschulsky, Japan (Sugiyama 1978b) and Taiwan (Shen and Ye 2006); Philonthus sp., Jiangxi Province, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• = P. inaequalis (Thaxter, 1894): adult Philonthus debilis (Gravenhorst) MA and ME, USA (Thaxter 1894).

• P. pallida (Thaxter, 1931): adult Philonthus aeneipennis Boheman, Philippines (Thaxter 1931).

• P. peruviana (Thaxter, 1900): adult Nordus simplex (Sharp) Peru (Thaxter 1900); Plociopterus laetus Sharp, Brazil (Thaxter 1908).

• P. pretiosa (Thaxter, 1931): adult “Staphylinus sumatrensis Bernhauer,” invalid name, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• P. princeps (Thaxter, 1895): adult Philonthus sordidus (Gravenhorst) Algeria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and MA and CA, USA (Thaxter 1895, 1896, 1908, Picard 1913b, Maire 1916a, Colla 1925, 1934, Middelhoek 1943a, Poelt 1952a, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962); Philonthus cephalotes (Gravenhorst) Belgium, Finland, Poland, Czech Republic (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913b, Collart 1945, Middelhoek 1947a,b, Majewski 1973b, Huldén 1983, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, Rossi and Máca 2006); Philonthus quadraticeps Boheman, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, 1917, Thaxter 1931); Philonthus politus (L.) Belgium (Collart 1945, De Kesel and Kammeloo 1991); Philonthus bonariensis Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Philonthus tardus Kraatz, South Korea (Lee 1986); Philonthus sp., Peru (Sugiyama 1972); Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) Madeira, Italy (Thaxter 1908, Colla 1934, Rossi 1975); Quediomacrus puniceipennis Solsky, Mexico (Thaxter 1908).

• P. protea Thaxter, 1900: adult Anotylus rugosus (F.), England, France, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Belgium, German, Italy, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Spain (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1931, Cépède and Picard 1908b, Picard 1913b, 1917, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1931, Lepesme 1941, Middelhoek 1943b, 1947b, Bánhegyi 1944, 1949, Collart 1945, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973a, 1974, Rossi 1975, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991, Weir 1994, Rossi and Máca 2006, and Santamaría 1992a as “Styloxys rugosus”); Anotylus insecatus (Gravenhorst) France, Poland, North Africa, and MA, USA (Picard 1913b, Thaxter 1931, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1974; Haelewaters et al. 2015); Bledius bicornis (Germar) Europe, Germany (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969); Bledius spectabilis Kraatz, North Africa, France, Austria (Picard 1913b, 1917, Thaxter 1931, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Lepesme 1941, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1974); Manda mandibularis (Gyllenhal) Europe (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Picard 1913b, Scheloske 1969); Oxytelus fulvipes Erichson, Poland (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Scheloske 1969); Planeustomus miles Scriba, Tunisia (Maire 1916b, Thaxter 1931, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Scheloske 1969); Philonthus wuesthoffi Bernhauer, Tibet (Lee et al. 2006).

• = P. oxyteli (Cépède and Picard, 1908a): adult Anotylus rugosus (F.) France (Cépède and Picard, 1908a).

• P. quedii (Scheloske, 1969): adult Quedius vexans Eppelsheim, Germany (Scheloske 1969).

• P. staphylini (Thaxter, 1931): adult "Staphylinus sumatrensis Bernhauer,” invalid name, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• P. subinaequilatera (Spegazzini, 1915a): adult Philonthus abyssinus Fauvel (= P. holomelas Eppelsheim) as “Philonthus holomallus,” Somalia (Spegazzini 1915a); Philonthus convexicollis Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Philonthus sp., Spain (Santamaría 1999).

• P. thyreocephali (Thaxter, 1931): adult “Thyreocephalus venezolanus,” invalid name, Venezuela (Thaxter 1931).

• P. trichodoniae (Thaxter, 1931): adult Trichodonia schwabi Wasmann, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• P. vulgata (Thaxter, 1900): adult Philonthus varians (Paykull) England (Thaxter 1900); Philonthus flavolimbatus Motschulsky, Mexico and Panama (Thaxter 1900, 1908); Philonthus cruentatus (Gmelin) Europe (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Picard 1913b); Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal) England, France, Czech Republic (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Picard 1913b, Hake 1923, Balazuc 1974, Rossi et al. 2010); Philonthus ebeninus (Gravenhorst) Siberia, Russia, Europe (Thaxter 1908); Philonthus hepaticus Erichson, Argentina and Nicaragua (Thaxter 1908, Spegazzini 1912, 1917); Philonthus agilis (Gravenhorst) Austria and France (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913b, Balazuc 1974); Philonthus aeruginosus Nordmann and P. convexicollis Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1912, 1917); Philonthus sanguinolentus (Gravenhorst) France (Picard 1917, Lepesme 1941, Balazuc 1974); Philonthus moquerysi Fauvel, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931); Philonthus albipes (Gravenhorst) Netherlands (Middelhoek 1943a); Philonthus cephalotes (Gravenhorst) Netherlands (Middelhoek 1943b) and Finland (Huldén 1983); Philonthus spinipes Sharp, Japan (Sugiyama 1973) and South Korea (Lee et al. 1982, Lee 1986); Philonthus minutus Boheman, Algeria, Taiwan (Maire 1916a, Colla 1925, Sugiyama and Shazawa 1977); Philonthus sordidus (Gravenhorst) Germany, Uruguay, Netherlands (Spegazzini 1917, Middelhoek 1943a,b, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969); Philonthus politus (Linnaeus), England (Hincks 1960); Philonthus corruscus (Gravenhorst) Slovakia (Rossi et al. 2010); Philonthus solidus Sharp, Japan (Majewski 1988a); Philonthus subuliformis (Gravenhorst) Finland (Huldén 1983); Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) St. Helena, Sri Lanka, Italy, Madeira, Scotland, Australia, Finland, Taiwan, Missouri (USA), and Bali (Indonesia) (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1931, Picard 1913b, Colla 1925, 1926, Hincks 1960, Sugiyama and Shazawa 1977, Huldén 1983, Majewski and Sugiyama 1985a, Shen and Ye 2006); Leptacinus sp., Hainan, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• P. xanthopygi Thaxter, 1901b: adult Xanthopygus calidus (Erichson) (as synonym X. solskyi Sharp), perhaps Brazil (Thaxter 1901b).

• P. zyricola Thaxter 1931: adult Zyras sulcicollis Fauvel, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931); Zyras corniger Bernhauer, Sierra Leone (Rossi 1994).

• Phaulomyces Tavares, 1985

• P. dibelonetis (Thaxter, 1931): adult “Dibelonetes piceus Bernhauer,” invalid name, Grenada (Thaxter 1931). Transferred from genus Meionomyces by Tavares (1985).

• P. euaestheti Thaxter, 1931: adult Euaesthetus americanus Erichson, MA, USA (Thaxter 1931); Euaesthetus ruficapillus Boisduval and Lacordaire, Germany, Poland (Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1971c, Majewski 1994a), transferred from genus Corethromyces by Tavares (1985).

• P. leonensis Rossi, 1994: adult Pseudespeson rossii Lecoq, Sierra Leone (Rossi 1994).

• Polyascomyces Thaxter, 1900

• P. trichophyae Thaxter, 1900: adult Trichophya pilicornis (Gyllenhal) England (Thaxter 1900).

• Porophoromyces Thaxter, 1926

• P. tmesiphori (Thaxter, 1926): adult Tmesiphorus sp., Cameroon (Thaxter 1926); Centrophthalmus grandis Pic, Sierra Leone (Rossi 1994).

NOTE: P. formosanus Sugiyama (1982) was transferred to Bordea by Benjamin (2001).

• Pselaphidomyces Spegazzini, 1917

• P. pselapti Spegazzini, 1917: adult Pselaptus tuberculifer Raffray, in nests of an ant, Acromyrmex lundi Guérin-Méneville, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917); Reichenbachia puncticollis (LeConte) (as Bryaxis) northeastern USA (Thaxter 1931).

• Rhachomyces Thaxter, 1895

• = Acanthomyces Thaxter, 1893 [preoccupied]

• R. arbusculus Thaxter, 1896: adult of gen. and sp. nr. Lathrobium , Liberia (Thaxter 1896, 1931).

• R. bordonii Rossi and Santamaría, 2000: adult Medhiama schawalleri Bordoni, Nepal, and Yunna micophora Bordoni, Yunnan, China, and Nepalinus sp. Burma, and Atopolinus insulanus Bordoni, Taiwan (Rossi and Santamaría 2000).

• R. cayennensis Thaxter, 1900: adult Ochthephilum sp. indet., French Guiana (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1931).

• R. cryptobianus Thaxter, 1900: adult “Cryptobium capitatum,” invalid name, Brazil (Thaxter 1900, 1908, 1931).

• R. dolicaontis Thaxter, 1896: adult Dolicaon lathrobioides Laporte, South Africa (Thaxter 1896, 1908, 1931).

• R. falcatus Rossi and Proaño Castro, 2009: adult Palaminus sp., Ecuador (Rossi and Proaño Castro 2009).

• R. feloi Rossi, 2006: adult Domene benahoarensis Oromí and Martín Canary Islands (Rossi 2006).

• R. furcatus (Thaxter, 1893): adult Othius punctulatus (Goeze) [= O. fulgidus (Paykull) = O. fulvipennis (F.)] France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Algeria, western Russia, Slovakia (Thaxter 1908, 1931, Picard 1913b, Maire 1920, Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1928, 1932, Lepesme 1942, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973b, Rossi 1975, Huldén 1983, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991, Rossi et al. 2010); O. angustus Stephens [= O. melanocephalus (Gravenhorst)] England, Italy (Thaxter 1908, 1931, Rossi 1975); O. myrmecophilus Kiesenwetter, England, Germany, France, Belgium (Thaxter 1908, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973b, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); O. lapidicola Markel and Kiesenwetter, France, Finland, Czech Republic (Balazuc 1973b, Huldén 1983, Rossi and Máca 2006); O. pilifer Quedenfeldt, Maire 1916a, Algeria; O. transsilvanicus Ganglbauer, Romania (Bánhegyi 1949).

• R. glyptomeri Thaxter, 1901b: adult Glyptomerus cavicola Müller, former Yugoslavia (Thaxter 1901b, 1908, 1931).

• R. lasiophorus (Thaxter, 1892): adult of a carabid beetle Atranus pubescens (Dejean) CT, USA (Thaxter 1892, 1895, 1931), perhaps misidentified on Othius punctulatus (Goeze) in Germany (Stadelmann and Poelt 1962) and should be compared with R. lathrobii (Tavares 1985).

• R. lathrobii Thaxter, 1895: adult Lathrobium sp., NH, USA, and Lobrathium longiusculum (Gravenhorst) NH, USA (Thaxter 1894, 1895, 1931).

• R. medonalis Thaxter, 1931: adult “Medon tristis Bernhauer” invalid name, Grenada (Thaxter 1931).

• R. ocypi Sugiyama, 1973: adult Ocypus scutiger Sharp, Japan (Sugiyama 1973).

• R. oedochiri Thaxter, 1901b: Oedochirus sp., Brazil (Thaxter 1901b, 1908, 1931).

• R. philonthinus Thaxter, 1900: adult Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) and Philonthus sp., UK (Thaxter 1900, 1908); Philonthus albipes (Gravenhorst) Sweden, Finland (Thaxter 1908, Huldén, 1983); Philonthus cruentatus Gmelin [= P. bipustulatus (Panzer)], Netherlands, France, Italy, Finland (Middelhoek 1943b, Balazuc 1973b, Rossi 1975, Huldén 1983); Philonthus fulvipes (F.) Finland, western Russia (Huldén 1983); Philonthus fumarius (Gravenhorst) and Philonthus rectangulus Sharp, Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebart 1991); Philonthus marginatus (Strøm) Netherlands, France, Belgium, Poland (Middelhoek 1943b, Collart 1945, Balazuc 1973b, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, Majewski 1994a); Philonthus rubripennis (Stephens) and Philonthus rigidicornis (Gravenhorst) and Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) Finland and Philonthus micans (Gravenhorst) Finland, western Russia (Huldén 1983); Philonthus minutus Boheman (= P. mutans Sharp) China (Thaxter 1908); Philonthus varians (Paykull) England, France, Poland, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Middelhoek 1943a, 1943b, 1947, Petch 1944, 1945, Shaw 1952, Scheloske 1969, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Balazuc 1973b, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, De Kesel and Haghebart 1991, Majewski 1994a); Philonthus varius (Gyllenhal) France (Balazuc 1973b); Philonthus umbratilis (Gravenhorst) and Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal) Poland (Majewski 1994a); Philonthus wuesthoffi Bernhauer, Japan (Sugiyama 1973, 1974); Philonthus micanticollis Sharp, South Korea (Lee and Park 1991); Philonthus sp. indet., Romania (Bánhegyi 1949, Lee 1986); Bisnius fimetarius (Gravenhorst) western Russia (Huldén 1983) Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Belgium (Majewski 1994a, Rossi et al. 2010, De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991); Gabrius exiguus (Nordmann) Europe (Thaxter 1908), and Gabrius fauveli (Coquerel), Réunion (Balazuc 1982); Gabrius sp., Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire) (Rossi and Santamaría 1992); Amichrotus apicipennis Sharp and Amichrotus sp., Japan (Thaxter 1908, Ishikawa 1952); Diatrechus griveaudi Jarrige and Platydracus peyrierasi Jarrige, Madagascar (Balazuc 1982); Sepedophilus nitidicollis (Jarrige), Réunion (Balazuc 1982); Philonthus sp., Tibet, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• R. pilosellus (Robin, 1871): adult Lathrobium sp., origin not stated but probably France (Robin 1871); transferred to Rhachomyces by Thaxter (1895); Lathrobium castaneipenne Kolenati and L. elongatum (L.) Poland (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932); L. fulvipenne (Gravenhorst) France, Belgium, Germany, Italy (Thaxter 1908, Picard 1913b, Collart 1947, Scheloske 1969, Rossi 1975; De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); Lathrobium geminum Kraatz, Belgium (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991).

• = R. brevipes (Thaxter 1893): adult Lathrobium fulvipenne (Gravenhorst) Germany (Thaxter 1893, 1895).

• R. venustus Rossi and Proaño Castro, 2009: adult Megalopinus robustus (Motschulsky), Ecuador (Rossi and Proaño Castro 2009).

• Rhadinomyces Thaxter, 1893. Generic name resurrected by Tavares (1985).

• R. pallidus Thaxter, 1893: adult Lathrobium punctulatum LeConte and L. angulare LeConte, MA, USA, as well as L. fulvipenne (Gravenhorst) Germany (Thaxter 1893); Lathrobium angustatum Boisduval and Lacordaire, England (Hake 1923), Lathrobium brunnipes (F.) France, England, Germany, Belgium (Picard 1913b, Thaxter 1931, Hincks 1960, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1973b, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); Lathrobium magistrettorum Koch, Switzerland (Rossi 1975); Lathrobium fovulum Stephens, Poland (Majewski 1984), Lathrobium terminatum Gravenhorst, Greece and western Russia (Castaldo et al. 2004) and Czech Republic (Rossi and Máca 2006); Lathrobium pallipes Sharp, Japan (Majewski and Sugiyama 1985b).

• = R. cristatus Thaxter, 1893: adult Lathrobium nitidulum LeConte, MA and ME, USA; Lathrobium castaneipenne Kolenati, Poland, Belgium, Germany (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Collart 1945, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); Lathrobium elongatum (L.) Poland, Germany (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932, Stadelman and Poelt 1962); Lathrobium elongatum (L.) and Lathrobium ripicola Czwalina, Poland (Siemaszko and Siemaszko 1932); Lathrobium terminatum Gravenhorst, England (Hincks 1960); Lathrobium fulvipenne (Gravenhorst) and L. geminum Kraatz, Belgium (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); placed as subspecies of R. pallidus by Balazuc (1973b). The name Lathrobium punctulatum LeConte was recognized as that of a valid species by Watrous (1980); Lathrobium sp., Japan (Majewski and Sugiyama 1985b).

• R. gracilis (Thaxter, 1912a) as a variety of Corethromyces platensis Thaxter, raised to a specific rank by Spegazzini (1917), transferred to Rhadinomyces by Tavares (1985): adult Lobrathium nitidum (Erichson) Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, Spegazzini 1917); Lobrathium dimidiatum (Say) and Stereocephalus seriatipennis Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917).

• Rickia Cavara, 1899

• = Distichomyces Thaxter, 1905

• R. carpanetoi Rossi and Santamaría, 1992: adult Euconnus sp., Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire) (Rossi and Santamaría 1992)

• R. compressa Thaxter, 1915: adult Leptochirus sp., Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915, 1926).

• R. fastigiata Thaxter, 1926: adult Coproporus secretus Bernhauer, Philippines (Thaxter 1926).

• R. huggerti Balazuc, 1980: adult Omalium riparium (Thomson), Sweden, France, and Omalium caesum Gravenhorst, Italy, and Omalium ferrugineum Kraatz, Italy (Balazuc 1980).

• R. hyperborea Balazuc, 1980: adult Micralymma marinum (Strøm) Norway, England (Balazuc 1980, Weir 1994); Micralymma brevilingue Schiødte, eastern Siberia (Russia) (Balazuc 1980, Tavares 1985).

• R. inclusa Thaxter, 1916: adult Coproporus latus Motschulsky, Philippines (Thaxter 1916, 1926).

• R. introversa Thaxter, 1916: adult Coproporus latus Motschulsky, Philippines (Thaxter 1916, 1926).

• R. kistneri Rossi, 1991: adult Mimaenictus wilsoni Kistner and Jacobson, Malaysia (Rossi 1991).

• R. leptochiri (Thaxter, 1908): adult Leptochirus spp., Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1908, 1912, 1926); Priochirus unicolor (Laporte) Malaya, Malaysia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985b).

NOTE: R. lispini Thaxter (1912a) was transferred to Diaphoromyces by Thaxter (1926).

• R. lordithonis Majewski and Sugiyama, 1985): adult Lordithon sp., Japan (Majewski and Sugiyama 1985b).

• R. minutissima Sugiyama and Yamamoto, 1982: adult Lispinus sp., Sabah, Malaysia (Sugiyama and Yamamoto 1982).

• R. nigrescens Thaxter, 1916: adult Coproporus hypocyptoides Bernhauer, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915, 1926).

• R. nigrofimbriata Thaxter, 1916: adult Coproporus latus Motschulsky, Philippines, and Coproporus sp., Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1916, 1926).

• R. pallescens Thaxter, 1916: adult Mimocyptus globulus Cameron, host genus as “Mymocyphus,” Philippines (Thaxter 1916, 1926).

• R. peyerimhoffii Maire, 1916c: adult Scaphisoma agaricinum (L.) and Scaphisoma flavonotatum (Pic), Algeria (Maire 1916c, Thaxter 1926); Scaphisoma agaricinum (L.) Finland and western Russia and Rickia inopinatum Löbl, Finland (Huldén 1983); Scaphisoma agaricinum (L.), Scaphisoma assimile Erichson, Scaphisoma boreale (Lundblad), Scaphisoma boleti (Panzer), and Scaphisoma subalpinum Reitter, Poland (Majewski 1994a,b); Scaphisoma sp., Czech Republic (Rossi and Máca 2006); Scaphisoma agaricinum (L.) Greece, Scaphisoma boleti (Panzer) Italy, and Scaphisoma loebli Tamanini, Italy (Castaldo et al. 2004); Scaphidium femorale Lewis, South Korea (Lee et al., 2011a); Scaphidium sp., South Korea (Lee 1986).

• R. phloeonomi Thaxter, 1926: adult Phloeonomus singularis Kraatz, Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1926); Paraphloeostiba sonani Bernhauer, Japan and Taiwan (Sugiyama 1978b, Shen and Ye 2006); Paraphloeostiba sp., Hainan Island, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

• R. proteini Majewski, 1983: adult Proteinus brachypterus (F.) and Proteinus macropterus (Gyllenhal) Poland (Majewski 1983, 1994a); Proteinus crassicornis Sharp, Japan (Majewski 1988a).

• R. rostellata Thaxter, 1926: adult Holosus sp., Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1926); Holosus olisthaeriformis Motschulsky, Malaya, Malaysia (Sugiyama and Mochizuka 1979).

• R. rostrata Thaxter, 1915: adult Atanygnathus ruficollis (Kraatz), generic name as Tanygnathus, Sarawak, Borneo, Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1915, 1926).

• R. sakkae Sugiyama and Majewski, 1985: adult Lordithon affinis (Cameron) and Lordithon sp., Malaya, Malaysia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985b).

• R. scydmaeni Thaxter, 1916: adult: “Scydmaenus bicolor” (perhaps Euconnus bicolor LeConte) ME, USA (Thaxter 1916, 1926).

• = R. rhachomycoides Spegazzini, 1917: indet. scydmaenine, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1926).

• R. seticola Thaxter, 1926: adult Coproporus sp., Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1926).

• R. sugiyamae Tavares, 1985, new name for Rickia lispinae Sugiyama 1973, not Rickia lispini Thaxter, 1912a: adult Lispinus asper Sharp, as “ Lispinus aper,” Japan (Sugiyama 1973, Tavares 1985).

• R. tachini Terada, 1980: adult Tachinus impunctatus Sharp, Japan (Terada 1980).

• R. wulaiensis Sugiyama, 1978a: adult Priochirus tonkinensis Bernhauer, Taiwan (Sugiyama 1978a, Shen and Ye 2006).

• R. zanettii Rossi and Cesari Rossi, 1978: adult Omalium excavatum Stephens Italy (Rossi and Cesari Rossi, 1978); Omalium laeviusculum Gyllenhal, Scotland (Weir and Beakes 1993).

• Sandersoniomyces Benjamin, 1968a

• S. divaricatus Benjamin, 1968a: adult Quedius sp., CA, USA (Benjamin 1968a).

• Scaphidiomyces Thaxter, 1912a. All known hosts belong to Scaphidiinae.

• S. baeocerae Thaxter, 1912a: adult Baeocera sp., Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931, Spegazzini 1917); Scaphisoma unicolor Achard, South Korea (Lee et al. 2011b).

• S. baeoceridii (Thaxter, 1931): adult Baeoceridium depressipes Reitter, Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• S. platensis (Spegazzini, 1917): adult scaphidiine, Argentina (Spegazzini 1917, Thaxter 1931).

• S. pusillus Rossi, 2010: adult Baeocera sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• S. scaphicomae Thaxter, 1931: adult Scaphicoma sp., Cameroon (Thaxter 1931).

• Scelophoromyces Thaxter, 1912a

• = Skelophoromyces Thaxter, 1931

• S. osorianus Thaxter 1912a: adult Osorius sexpunctatus Bernhauer, Argentina, Osorius intermedius Erichson, Trinidad, and Osorius sp., Brazil? (Thaxter 1912a, 1931).

• Smeringomyces Thaxter, 1908

• S. anomalus (Thaxter, 1902): adult “Conosoma pubescens Paykull,” a name that was at that time erroneously applied to various species of Sepedophilus in MA, USA (Thaxter 1902, 1908); Sepedophilus testaceus (as Conosoma testaceum (F.), a synonym) Italy (Rossi and Cesari Rossi 1980) and Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004); Sepedophilus sp., Spain (Santamaría 1992a).

• S. chaetophilus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Coproporus bernhaueri Scheerpeltz (as “C. ventralis Bernhauer,” an invalid name), Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• S. lingulatus (Thaxter, 1931): adult Coproporus sp., Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

• S. trinitatis Thaxter, 1931: adult “Conosoma trinidadense Bernhauer,” an invalid name, likely a species of Sepedophilus , Trinidad (Thaxter 1931); Sepedophilus tibialis (Sharp) Japan (Terada 1977).

• Sphaleromyces Thaxter, 1894

• Synonymized into Corethromyces by Thaxter (1912a p. 180) but resurrected by Tavares (1985) for the four species named below.

• S. indicus Thaxter 1901b: adult Pinophilus sp., India and Burma (Thaxter 1901b), transferred to Corethromyces by Thaxter (1912a), transferred to Sphaleromyces by Tavares (1985).

• S. lathrobii Thaxter, 1894: adult Lathrobium nitidulum LeConte and L. punctulatum LeConte, ME, USA (Thaxter 1894), transferred to Corethromyces by Thaxter (1912a), transferred to Sphaleromyces by Tavares (1985); Lathrobium quadratum (Paykull) Europe (Thaxter 1908, 1912a, 1931, Picard 1913b, Petch 1944, Hincks 1960; Majewski 1982); Lathrobium sp., Spain (Santamaría 1995).

• S. occidentalis Thaxter, 1895: adult Pinophilus densus LeConte, UT, USA (Thaxter 1895), transferred to Corethromyces by Thaxter (1912a), transferred to Sphaleromyces by Tavares (1985).

• S. rhinoceralis (Thaxter, 1912a): adult Pinophilus suffusus Erichson, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a), transferred to Sphaleromyces by Tavares (1985).

• Stemmatomyces Thaxter, 1931

• S. euconni (Picard, 1917): adult Euconnus wetterhali (Gyllenhal), France (Picard 1917); unidentified scydmaenine, Philippines (Thaxter 1931), transferred to Stemmatomyces (Tavares 1985).

• Stichomyces Thaxter, 1901

• S. capensis Thaxter, 1931: adult Sepedophilus angustus (Bernhauer) South Africa (Thaxter 1931).

• S. conosomatis Thaxter, 1901b: adult Sepedophilus testaceus (F.) MA, ME, USA (Thaxter 1901b, Maire 1920, Thaxter 1931, Benjamin 1971) Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004); Sepedophilus tibialis Sharp, Japan (Terada 1977); Sepedophilus littoreus (L.) England and MA, USA (Weir and Beakes 1993, Haelewaters et al. 2015); Sepedophilus bipustulatus (Gravenhorst) Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004); Sepedophilus pedicularius (Gravenhorst) Belgium (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991) and Italy (Castaldo et al. 2004); Sepedophilus nigripennis (Stephens) Belgium, Netherlands (De Kesel and Haelewaters 1991, Haelewaters et al. 2012).

• S. europaeus Majewski, 1973a: adult Sepedophilus testaceus (F.) Poland (Majewski 1973a).

• S. sumatrae Thaxter, 1931: adult Sepedophilus tenue (Bernhauer) Sumatra, Indonesia (Thaxter 1931).

NOTE: Stichomyces catalinae, S. lepidus, and S. vesiculifer were transferred to Corethromyces by Tavares (1985).

• Stigmatomyces Karsten, 1869

• S. caudicola Spegazzini, 1917: adult Stereocephalus seriatipennis Lynch, Argentina (Lynch 1917). Thaxter (1917) and Tavares (1985) suggested that the fungus belongs to Corethromyces, but made no transfer.

• S. montevidensis Spegazzini, 1917: adult Lobrathium dimidiatum (Say), Argentina (Spegazzini 1917). Thaxter (1931) suggested close affinity to Corethromyces, whereas Tavares (1985) suggested it belongs to Sphaleromyces, but no transfer was made.

NOTE: All the species described from Coleoptera were removed from Stigmatomyces by Tavares (1985), yet she did not assign the two above to another genus, so they are listed here lest they be forgotten.

• Sugiyamaemyces Tavares and Balazuc, 1989

• S. oroussetii Tavares and Baluzuc, 1989: adult Clidicus formicarius Pascoe, Borneo (Tavares and Baluzuc 1989).

• Symplectromyces Thaxter, 1908

• S. lapponicus Huldén, 1983: adult Quedius boops (Gravenhorst) Finland (Huldén, 1983).

• S. rarus Huldén, 1983: adult Quedius fuliginosus (Gravenhorst) Finland (Huldén, 1983) and Poland (Majewski 1987).

• S. vulgaris (Thaxter, 1908): adult Quedius cinctus (Paykull) [= Q. impressus (Panzer)] Portugal, Q. cruentus (Olivier), Europe, Q. dubius Heer, France, Q. fulgidus (F.) Germany, Spain, Q. fuliginosus (Gravenhorst) Germany, Q. peregrinus (Gravenhorst) Canada, Q. ventralis (Aragona) (= Q. truncicola Fairmaire and Laboulbène) Great Britain, Quedius sp., India and Canada, and ? Philonthus sp., Hungary (Thaxter 1908); Quedius collaris (Erichson) Poland (Majewski 1974, 1990a), Quedius longicornis Kraatz, France and Germany (Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1971b), Q. maurorufus (Gravenhorst) Germany (Scheloske 1969), Q. mesomelinus (Marsham) North America, former Yugoslavia, Netherlands, Poland, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Finland, Czech Republic (Middelhoek 1943a,b, Collart 1945, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969, Balazuc 1974, Majewski 1974, 1990a, Huldén, 1983, De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, Rossi et al. 2010); Quedius fulgidus (F.) and Quedius xanthopus Erichson, Poland (Majewski 1974, 1990a); Quedius nitipennis (Stephens) Belgium (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991); Q. ochropterus Erichson and Q. scitus (Gravenhorst) Italy (Rossi 1978); Quedius maurus Sahlberg, Czech Republic (Rossi et al. 2010); Quedius curtipennis Bernhauer and Quedius tristis (Gravenhorst) Belgium (De Kesel and Haghebaert 1991).

• Teratomyces Thaxter, 1893

• T. actobii Thaxter, 1894: adult Erichsonius nanus (Horn) MA, ME, USA (Thaxter 1894, 1896); Erichsonius cinerascens (Gravenhorst) England, Germany, Italy (Thaxter 1908, 1931, Hake 1923, Scheloske 1969, 1969, Balazuc 1971c, Rossi and Cesari Rossi 1980); Erichsonius signaticornis (Mulsant and Rey) England (Hake 1923); Erichsonius brachycephalus Frank, MA, USA (Haelewaters et al. 2015).

• = T. atropurpureus Maire, 1920): Erichsonius signaticornis (Mulsant and Rey) Mauretania (Maire 1920, Thaxter 1931).

• =T. brevicaulis Thaxter, 1894: adult Erichsonius nanus (Horn) ME, USA, and Erichsonius basalis (Motschulky) Sri Lanka (Thaxter 1894, 1931); Erichsonius cinerascens (Gravenhorst) Finland and Karelia (Russia) (Huldén 1983) and Poland (Majewski 1994a).

• T. atanygnathi Thaxter, 1931: adult Atanygnathus ruficollis (Kraatz) Philippines and Sarawak, Malaysia (Thaxter 1931).

• T. heterothopsis Rossi, 2010: adult Heterothops sp., Ecuador (Rossi 2010).

• T. insignis Thaxter, 1901b: adult Quedius edwardsi Sharp and Quedius sp., New Zealand (Thaxter 1901b, 1908, 1931).

• T. mirificus Thaxter, 1893: adult Acylophorus pronus Erichson, MA, ME, USA (Thaxter 1893, 1896); Acylophorus glaberrimus (Herbst), Spain (Santamaría and Rossi 1999) Greece (Castaldo et al. 2004); Acylophorus bumbunae Bordoni and Acylophorus rossii Bordoni, Sierra Leone (Rossi 1994); Acylophorus sp., Yunan Province, China (Shen and Ye 2006) (Fig. 10.1).

  Fig. 10.1

  

  Teratomyces mirificus Thaxter (Laboulbeniales) (marked by an asterisk) on the margin of the abdomen of Acylophorus zdenae Smetana (Staphylininae) collected in Florida

• T. petiolatus Thaxter, 1901b: adult Quedius sp., New Zealand (Thaxter 1901b, 1908).

• T. philonthi Thaxter, 1900: adult Philonthus sp., Hungary (conceivably this was a Gabrius sp. like the other recorded hosts because Gabrius at that time was considered a junior synonym of Philonthus) (Thaxter 1900, 1908, Picard 1917, Thaxter 1931); Gabrius trossulus (Nordmann), Netherlands, Germany, Finland (Middelhoek 1943a, b, Stadelmann and Poelt 1962, Scheloske 1969 Huldén 1983); Gabrius pennatus Sharp, Germany (Scheloske 1969); Gabrius sp., Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire) (Rossi and Santamaria 1992); Gabrius nigritulus (Gravenhorst) Poland (Majewski 1984); Gabrius nitidulus (Gravenhorst) Belgium, England (De Kesel and Rammeloo 1991, Weir 1994).

• T. quedianus Thaxter, 1896: adult Hemiquedius ferox (LeConte), MA, USA (Thaxter 1896, 1931); Quedius fuligidus (F.) Hungary (Moesz 1931, Bánhegyi 1940).

• T. zealandicus Thaxter, 1894: adult Quedius insolitus Sharp, New Zealand (Thaxter 1894, 1906, 1931).

• Tetrandromyces Thaxter, 1912

• = Dicrandromyces Thaxter, 1931

• = Triandromyces Thaxter, 1931 NOTE: These synonymies are disputed by Rossi and Santamaría (2000).

• T. brachidae Thaxter, 1912a: adult Brachida reyi Sharp, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1931).

• T. weirianus Rossi and Santamaría, 2000: adult Pseudoplandria drugmandi Pace, Philippines (Rossi and Santamaría 2000).

• Zeugandromyces Thaxter, 1912a

• Z. australis Thaxter, 1912a: adult Scopaeus laevis Sharp, Argentina (Thaxter 1912a, 1915, 1931).

• Z. orientalis (Thaxter, 1931): adult Scopaeus nitidulus Motschulsky (as S. subfasciatus Kraatz) Philippines (Thaxter 1931); Scopaeus currax Sharp, Japan (Majewski and Sugiyama 1985b); Scopaeus dilutus Motschulsky, Malaya, Malaysia (Sugiyama and Majewski 1985b).

• Z. pseudomedalis (Thaxter, 1931): adult Lithocharis thoracica (Casey) ME, USA (Thaxter 1931, Tavares 1985).

• Z. stilici (Thaxter, 1915): adult Rugilus ceylanensis (Kraatz) (as Stilicus) Sarawak, Malaysia; Sumatra, Indonesia; and Sri Lanka (Thaxter 1915, 1931, Tavares 1985); “Stilicus” sp., Yunan, China (Shen and Ye 2006).

NOTE: These four species were transferred here from Stigmatomyces by Tavares (1985).

• Order Pyxidiophorales

• Pyxidiophoraceae

• Entomocosma Spegazzini, 1918

• ?Entomocosma sp.: adult “ Tachinus pallipes” (but see Campbell 1973), MA, USA (Thaxter 1920).

• Thaxteriola Spegazzini, 1918

• T. infuscata Spegazzini, 1918: adult Belonuchus haemorrhoidalis (F.) and Philonthus convexicollis Lynch, Argentina (Spegazzini 1918).

• ORDER AND FAMILY NOT ASSIGNED

• Chantransiopsis Thaxter, 1914. In Ascomycota but order and family not assigned as of 2013.

• C. bonaerensis Spegazzini, 1918: adult Xantholinus subtilis Boheman and Nacaeus tenellus (Erichson), although the latter is possibly Lispinus spegazzinii Bernhauer, Argentina (Spegazzini 1918).

• C. decumbens Thaxter, 1914: adult of unidentified genus, Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1914).

• C. platensis Spegazzini, 1918: adult Belonuchus haemorrhoidalis (F.) Argentina (Spegazzini 1918).

• C. stipatus Thaxter, 1914: adult of genus near Tachinus , Java, Indonesia (Thaxter 1914).

• C. xantholini Thaxter, 1914: adult Xantholinus sp., MA, USA (Thaxter 1914).

• Class Sordariomycetes

• Order Hypocreales

• Clavicipitaceae

• Beauveria Vuillemin, 1912

• B. bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, 1912: adult Tachyporus hypnorum (F.) and Anotylus rugosus F. and Gyrohypnus angustatus (Stephens) Denmark (Steenberg et al. 1996).

• MetarhiziumSorokin, 1883

• M. anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, 1883: adult Anotylus rugosus (F.) and Anotylus insecatus (Gravenhorst) Denmark (Steenberg et al. 1996).

• Cordycipitaceae

• Cordyceps Link, 1833

• C. confragosa (Mains) (synonymn Lecanillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Zare and Gams, 1861): adult Tachyporus chrysomelinus (L.) Denmark (Steenberg et al. (1996).

• Ophiocordycipitaceae

• Hirsutella Patouillard, 1892

• H. eleutheratorum (Nees) Petch, 1932 [= H. guignardi (Maheu, 1906)]: adult Quedius mesomelinus (Marsham) France (Maheu 1906).

• Subphylum Entomophthoromycotina [is not assigned to a phylum]

• Order Entomophthorales

• Entomophthoraceae

• Pandora Humber, 1989

• P. philonthi (Balazy, 1993): adult Anotylus rugosus (F.) Belgium (Steenberg et al. 1996).

• Zoophthora Battko, 1964

• Z. anglica (Petch, 1944): adult of unidentified staphylinid genus, England (Leatherdale 1958).

Basidiobolaceae

This genus has been characterized as a toxic black mold, perhaps not specific to its apparent hosts.

• Basidiobolus Eidam, 1886

• = Amphoromorpha Thaxter, 1914

• B. entomophila (Thaxter, 1914): adult Diochus conicollis Motschulsky, Philippines (Thaxter 1914, 1920b).

• B. mirabilis (Siemaszko and Siemaszko, 1928): Philonthus politus L. [an erroneous citation by Stadelmann and Poelt 1962—not recorded from this host].

• B. subminuta (Spegazzini, 1918): adult Echiaster depressus Solier, Argentina (Spegazzini 1918).

• Phylum Apicomplexa

• Class Conoidasida

• Order Eugregarinorida

Actinocephalidae

Members of Actinocephalidae are parasites in the digestive system of the host. When they are present in large numbers, they are likely to have a debilitating effect.

• Actinocephalus Stein, 1848

• A. crassus (Ellis, 1912): adult Leptochirus edax Sharp, Guatemala (Ellis 1913).

• A. stelliformis (Schneider, 1875): larva and adult Ocypus olens (Müller) France (Schneider 1875) and adult Philonthus tenuicornis Mulsant and Rey, Poland (Foerster 1938), and adult Staphylinus caesareus Cederhjelm and Staphylinus erythropterus L., Poland (Wellmer 1911).

• Stylocystis Léger, 1899

• S. ensifera (Ellis, 1912): adult Leptochirum edax Sharp, Guatemala (Ellis 1913), and Anotylus tetracarinatus (Block) Poland (Foerster 1938).

Gregarinidae

Members of Gregarinidae are parasites in the digestive system of the host. When they are present in large numbers, they are likely to have a debilitating effect.

• Gregarina Dufour, 1828

• G. omalina Foerster, 1938: adult Omalium rivulare (Paykull) and Heterothops dissimilis (Gravenhorst) Poland (Foerster 1938).

• Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Class Cestoda

• Choanotaeniidae

• Choanotaenia Railliet, 1896

• C. infundibulum (Bloch, 1779): adult Apocellus sphaericollis (Say) is an intermediate host of this cestode (which is a parasite of domestic chickens) USA (Horsfall and Jones 1937).

• Hymenolepididae

• Soricinia Spassky and Spasskaya, 1954

• S. diaphana (Cholodkowsky, 1906): adult Tachinus pallipes (Erichson) is an intermediate host of this cestode (which is a parasite of Sorex shrews) Czechoslovakia (Prokopič 1967).

• Variolepis Spassky and Spasskaya, 1954

• S. variabilis (Mayhew, 1925): adult Oxytelus sp. is an intermediate host of this cestode (which is a parasite of Corvus crows) USA (Jones 1934).

• Phylum Nematoda

• Class Secernentea

• Order Tylenchida

Most members of Tylenchida are parasites of plants. Those listed are parasites of insects, apparently attacking the larval or pupal stage and exiting from the adult.

Allantonematidae

Members of Allantonematidae are endoparasites . They may have severe consequences on host fitness, including female sterility, reduced male fertility and mating success, and reduced survival.

• Allantonema Leuckart, 1887

• A. philonthi Wachek, 1955: adult Gabrius osseticus Kolenati and Philonthus debilis (Gravenhorst) and Bisnius fimetarius (Gravenhorst) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• Metaparasitylenchus Wachek, 1955

• M. boopini Wachek, 1955: adult Carpelimus fuliginosus (Gravenhorst) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• Palaeoallantonema Poinar, 2011. A fossil genus. The species named below was detected next to an adult staphylinid beetle, from which it was thought to have emerged, in Dominican amber dated as 20–30 MY old.

• P. dominicana Poinar, 2011: near to an adult Neoxantholinus in amber, Dominican Republic (Poinar and Brodzinsky 1986, Poinar 2011).

• Parasitylenchoides Wachek, 1955

• P. koerneri Wachek, 1955: adult Anotylus tetracarinatus (Block) Germany (Wacheck 1955).

• P. paederi Wachek, 1955: adult Paederus littoralis Gravenhorst, Germany (Wachek 1955).

• P. rheocharae Wachek, 1955: adult Aleochara spadicea (Erichson) Germany (Wachek 1955)

• P. steni Wachek, 1955: adult Stenus biguttatus (L.) and Stenus bimaculatus and Stenus boops (Ljungh) and Stenus pallitarsis Stephens, Germany (Wachek 1955).

• P. sp. indet.: adult Tachyporus hypnorum (F.) Germany (Lipkow 1968).

• Proparasitylenchus Wachek, 1955. These attack pupae of their hosts and emerge from adults.

• P. athetae Wachek, 1955: adult Nehemitropia sordida (Marsham) Germany (Wachek 1955); Aloconota sp., France, and Plataraea brunnea (F.) Germany (Puthz 1982).

• P. medonis Wachek, 1955: adult Medon ripicola (Kraatz), Germany (Wachek 1955).

• P. mymedoniae Wachek, 1955: adult Zyras lugens (Gravenhorst) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• P. oxyteli Wachek, 1955: adult Anotylus cornutus (Gravenhorst) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• P. platystethi Wachek, 1955: adult Platystethus cornutus (Gravenhorst) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• P. trogophloei Wachek, 1955: adult Carpelimus bilineatus Stephens, Germany (Wachek 1955).

• P. californicus Poinar et al. 2015: adult Tarphiota geniculata (Mäklin) CA, USA, but likely infected the prepupa or pupa (Poinar et al. 2015)

• Stictylus Thorne, 1941

• = Sphaerulariopsis Wachek, 1955

• S. philonthi auct.: typographical error by some authors, not Wachek, no such species.

Entaphelenchidae

The female parasite of Entaphelenchus is free-living until it invades the pupa of the host; Entaphelenchus has not been found in host larvae. Details of the development of Roveaphelechus are unknown.

• Entaphelenchus Wachek, 1955

• E. aliantae Wachek, 1955: adult Alianta incana (Erichson) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• E. bledii Wachek, 1955: adult Bledius opacus (Block) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• E. oxyteli Wachek, 1955: adult Oxytelus piceus (L.) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• E. philonthi Wachek, 1955: adult Philonthus concinnus (Gravenhorst) and Bisnius fimetarius (Gravenhorst) and Philonthus fulvipes (F.) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• E. platystethi Wachek, 1955: adult Platystethus cornutus (Gravenhorst), Germany (Wachek 1955).

• E. xantholini Wachek, 1955: adult Gyrohypnus punctulatus (Paykull) and Xantholinus tricolor (F.) Germany (Wachek 1955).

• Roveaphelenchus Nickle, 1970

• R. jonesi Nickle, 1970: adult of Aleochara tristis Gravenhorst NE, USA (Nickle 1970a).

Order Rhabditida

Most members of Rhabditida are parasites of plants. Those listed are parasites of insects, apparently attacking the larval or pupal stage and exiting from the adult.

• Diplogastridae

• Acrostichus Rahm, 1928

• A. monhysteroides (Bütschli, 1874): adult Oxytelus sp. and Aleochara sp., Germany (Sachs 1950) and Atheta sp. Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Allodiplogaster Paramonov and Sobolev, 1954

• A. henrichae (Sachs, 1950): adult Oxytelus sp. and Atheta sp. Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Diplogaster Schultze, 1857

• D. coprophages de Man, 1876: adult Oxytelus sp. and Aleochara sp. and Atheta sp. Germany and Emus hirtus (L.) Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Diplogasteritus Paramonov, 1952

• D. zurstrasseni (Sachs, 1950): adult Emus hirtus (L) Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Diplogastrellus Paramonov, 1952

• D. gracilis (Bütschli, 1874): adult Quedius cinctus (Paykull) Germany (Hirschmann 1952).

• Goffartia Hirschman, 1952

• G. heteroceri Hirschmann, 1952: adult Paederus riparius (L.) Germany (Hirschmann 1952).

• Mesodiplogaster Weingartner, 1955

• M. maupasi (Potts, 1910) [= M. entomophaga (Steiner, 1929)]: adult Drusilla canaliculata (F.) Netherlands (Schuurmans Stekhoven 1929).

• Rhabditoides Rahm, 1928

• R. stigmatus (Steiner, 1930): adult Lordithon thoracicus (F.) Germany (Körner 1954).

• Neodiplogastridae

• Fictor Paramonov, 1952

• F. stercorarius (Bovien, 1937): adult Aleochara sp. and Emus hirtus (L.) Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Glauxinema Allgén, 1947

• G. schwemmlei (Sachs, 1950): adult Oxytelus sp., Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Koerneria Meyl, 1960

• K. erlangensis (Sachs, 1950): adult Aleochara sp. and Atheta sp. Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Panagrolaimidae

• Halicephalobus Timm, 1956

• H. similigaster (Andrássy, 1952): Euryusa sinuata Erichson and Batrisodes sp., Germany (Köhler 2012).

• Peloderidae

• Coarctadera Dougherty, 1953

• C. coarctata (Leuckart, 1891): adult Anotylus sculpturatus (Gravenhorst) England (Triffitt and Oldham 1927); Oxytelus sp. and Atheta sp. and Emus hirtus (L.) Germany (Sachs 1950).

• C. tretzeli (Sachs, 1950): Emus hirtus (L.) Germany (Sachs 1950).

• C. voelki (Sachs, 1950): Emus hirtus (L.) Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Rhabditidae

• Caenorhabditis Osche, 1952

• C. dolichura (Schneider, 1866): adult Aleochara sp., Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Diploscapter Cobb, 1913

• D. lycostoma Völk, 1950: adult Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal) Germany (Völk 1950).

• Oscheius Andrássy, 1976

• O. wohlgemuthi (Völk, 1950): adult Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal) Germany (Völk 1950).

• Rhabditis Dujardin, 1845

• R. aspera Bütschli, 1873: adult Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal) Germany (Völk 1950).

• R. cylindrica Cobb, 1898 [= R. neuhausi (Sachs, 1950)]: adult Oxytelus sp. and Aleochara sp. and Atheta sp. Germany (Sachs 1950).

• R. gracilicauda de Man, 1876: adult Oxytelus sp. and Atheta sp., Germany (Sachs 1950).

• R. hartmanni Sachs, 1950: adult Aleochara sp., Germany (Sachs 1950).

• R. labiata Völk, 1950: adult Philonthus quisquiliarius (Gyllenhal) Germany (Völk 1950).

• R. longispina Reiter, 1928: adult Philonthus fulvipes (F.) Germany (Hirschmann 1952).

• R. spiculigera Steiner, 1936: adult Oxytelus sp. and Aleochara sp. and Atheta sp., Germany (Sachs 1950).

• R. sp. indet.: adult Spatulonthus longicornis (Stephens) HI, USA (Zwaluwenburg 1928).

• Rhabditophanes Fuchs, 1930

  • = Cheilobus Cobb, 1924, not Rafinesque, 1817

• R. aphodii (Sachs, 1950): adult Emus hirtus (L.) Germany (Sachs 1950).

• Class Adenophorea

• Order Mermithida

Mermithidae

Members of Mermithidae attack the immature stages of insects, develop within the hosts, and kill the host from which they emerge. Thus, they are parasitoids.

• Oesophagomermis Artyukhovsky, 1969

• Oesophagomermis sp.: larva of Philonthus splendens (F.) Germany (Lipkow 1982).

• Orthomermis Poinar, 1965

• O. oedobranchus Poinar, 1965: larva of Omalium caesum Gravenhorst, England (Poinar 1965, 1975). This mermithid also attacks dipterous hosts and has a wider distribution including Australia.

• Nemata Incertae Sedis

• Agamonema Diesing, 1851 [a collective group of larval nematodes]

• A. migrans Christie, 1930: larva, perhaps of Tachinus luridus Erichson (although as “T. flavipes”) VA, USA (Christie 1930). This nematode also attacks Silphidae and Scarabaeidae.

• Phylum Nematomorpha

• Class Gordioidea

• Gordiidae

• Gordius Linnaeus, 1758

• G. aquaticus Linnaeus, 1766: adult Creophilus maxillosus (L.) Austria (Assmuss 1858, Zwaluwenburg 1928).

• Phylum Arthropoda

• Class Arachnida

• Order Sarcoptiformes

• Histiostomatidae

• Histiostoma Kramer, 1876

• H. sapromyzarum (Dufour, 1839): adult Quedius mesomelinus (Marsham) France (Théodoridès 1954, 1955).

• H. sp. indet.: adult Paederus ruficollis (Fabricius) France (Théodoridès 1955).

• Order Prostigmata

• Pyemotidae

• Pygmephorus Kramer, 1877

• Pygmephorus sp.: adult of Platystethus cornutus (Gravenhorst) Iraq (Shamshuddin et al. 1967). The authors suggest that these mites may be predators.

• Scutacaridae

• Imparipes Berlese, 1903

• Imparipes armatus Karafiat, 1959: adult of Platyprosopus mexicanus Sharp, Mexico (Smetana 1982).

• Order Mesostigmata

• Eviphididae

• Thinoseius Halbert, 1920

• T. fucicola (Halbert, 1920): adult of Cafius xantholoma (Gravenhorst), England (Egglishaw 1966).

• Family indet. of Gamasina

• Genus and species indet.: adult of Staphylinus dimidiaticornis Gemminger (= S. parumtomentosus Stein) Wales (Green and Wilkinson 1950).

• Class Insecta

• Order Coleoptera

• Colydiidae

• Aglenus Erichson, 1845

• A. brunneus (Gyllenhal, 1813): this eyeless, wingless beetle is phoretic on a cucujid beetle and on Xylodromus concinnus (Marsham) in England (Woodroffe 1967).

Order Diptera

There seem to be no valid records of Diptera as parasitoids of Staphylinidae.

Order Hymenoptera

Ichneumonidae

The large family Ichneumonidae has thus far been reported to attack only two species of Staphylinidae. Its larvae are parasitoids of host larvae.

• Barycnemis Förster, 1869

• B. blediator (Aubert, 1970): larva of Bledius sp., France (Aubert 1970, Horstmann 1981); Bledius spectabilis Kraatz, England (Wyatt 1982).

• Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829

• P. subspinosus (Gravenhorst, 1829) [= P. grandiceps Thomson, 1884]: a record from a larva of Quedius ochripennis Ménétriès, France (Falcoz 1924), is suspect because Muesebeck et al. (1951) state that members of Phygadeuon are parasitoids of muscoid Diptera.

Braconidae

Braconidae are a large family of parasitoid wasps. Their specialization to host is at least somewhat phylogenetic because some subfamilies attack larvae of Coleoptera, whereas others attack eggs or larvae of Hymenoptera, Diptera, or Lepidoptera. Here are noted some that attack adult staphylinids.

• Blacus Nees, 1818

• B. ruficornis (Nees, 1811): adult Tachyporus obtusus (L.) Germany (Lipkow 1965, 1968).

• Centistes Haliday, 1835

• C. cuspidatus (Haliday, 1833) [= C. lucidator (Nees, 1834)]: adult of Tachyporus chrysomelinus (L.) and T. hypnorum (F.) and T. obscurus (L.) and T. solutus Erichson, Germany (Lipkow1965, 1968).

• Perilitus Nees, 1818

• P. sp. indet.: adult Paederus alfierii Koch, Egypt (Kamal 1951).

Eulophidae

Eulophidae are a large family attacking eggs or larvae of Coleoptera and of many other orders.

• Necremnus Thomson, 1878

• N. cosconius (Walker, 1839) [= N. amempsimus (Walker, 1839)]: larva of Quedius brevis Erichson, England (Donisthorpe 1938). The wasp emerged in the laboratory from the pupal stage of a specimen collected in the field as a larva.

Myrmaridae

All known species of Mymaridae are minute parasitoids of insect eggs of orders Heteroptera, Homoptera, Psocoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera.

• Litus Haliday, 1833

L. krygeri Kieffer, 1913: egg of Ocypus olens (Müller) ?France (Paulian 1941).

Diapriidae

These very small wasps are parasitoids of larvae and pupae of many insects.

• Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832

• S. stigmaticalis Westwood, 1832 [= S. tripartitus Kieffer, 1911]: larva of Quedius puncticollis (Thomson 1867) France (Paulian 1941). Two wasps emerged in the laboratory from the pupal stage of larvae collected in the field.

Proctotrupidae

Townes and Townes (1982) revised the family Proctotrupidae (= Serphidae) and found that virtually all the species associated with Staphylinidae had been misidentified or mis-assigned to genus by earlier authors. For that reason, the list of species and their hosts provided by Townes and Townes (1982) is accepted, and records published after 1981 are added. Eggs are oviposited into host larvae, and wasp larvae develop as endoparasitoids. Hosts of the vast majority of species (> 300) of Proctotrupidae are unknown.

• Cryptoserphus Kieffer, 1907

• C. aculeator (Haliday, 1839): early records from Creophilus maxillosus are due to nomenclatural confusion.

• Exallonyx Kieffer, 1904

• E. ater (Gravenhorst, 1807): larva of Creophilus maxillosus (L.) England, Mongolia; Ocypus olens (Müller) Mongolia.

• E. brevicornis (Haliday 1839): larva of Quedius vexans Eppelsheim, Czechoslovakia.

• E. confusus Nixon, 1938: the species has been much confused in the literature, so literature records of hosts before 1982 should be discounted.

• E. crenicornis (Nees, 1834): larva of Staphylinus sp., Sweden.

• E. ligatus (Nees 1834): the species has been much confused with E. trifoveatus and E. quadriceps, so literature records of hosts before 1982 should not be accepted without reexamination of parasitoid specimens.

• E. longicornis (Nees, 1834): larva of “Staphylinidae,” Germany.

• E. microcerus Kieffer 1908: larva of “Tachyporini,” Sweden; Xantholinus ?linearis (Olivier) Sweden.

• E. obsoletus (Say, 1836): larva of “Staphylinus sp.” USA, Platydracus violaceus (Gravenhorst), MI and NY, USA; Quedius laevigatus (Gyllenhal), Ohio, USA (Hoebeke and Kovarik 1988).

• E. pallidistigma Morley, 1911: larva of Ocypus ater (Gravenhorst) Germany.

• E. quadriceps (Ashmead, 1893): larva of Quedius sp. England.

• E. trifoveatus Kieffer, 1904: larva of Quedius sp., Denmark, Quedius sp., Germany; Quedius vexans Eppelsheim, Czechoslovakia; Philonthus turbidus Erichson, Hawaii.

• Phaneroserphus Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

• P. calcar (Haliday, 1839): larva of Bolitochara obliqua Erichson, England; Quedius simplicifrons Fairmaire, Germany.

Platygastridae

Most of the Platygastridae are parasitoids of larvae of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). This record is unusual.

• Trimorus Förster, 1856

T. fulvimanus (Kieffer, 1908): egg of Acylophorus wagenscheiberi Kiesenwetter, Poland (Staniec 2005).

3 Conclusion

The methods of detection of insect and nematode parasitoids differ sharply from the methods for detection of fungal parasites. Anyone who rears staphylinid larvae may encounter adult Hymenoptera or nematodes emerging from the resultant pupal or adult beetles. The easiest way to encounter Laboulbeniales is to examine a pinned and labeled insect collection. This may account for a relatively larger number of host/parasitoid records of Laboulbeniales . It is obvious that a team approach, involving specialists in disparate taxa, will be the most productive and reliable in terms of accurate identification. The best way to advance the study of parasites of Staphylinidae in general may be for a young staphylinid specialist to establish a database of all the parasites, perhaps using this text as a basis. Then, that person should collaborate with specialists in the various parasite groups and urge staphylinid collectors to send parasites to those specialists. Construction of a useful computerized database was not possible before the first version (Frank 1982), and now this writer is retired. Construction of the database should be supported by the constructor’s institution to ensure that it is not abandoned at change of personnel or with retirement. In the coming years, the available information will expand enormously.