Abstract
Compared to other regions of the world, the present population dynamics of sub-Saharan Africa are unique. The region has experienced rapid declines in under-five mortality and declines in fertility have started later, progressed more slowly, and stalled in several countries. This has led to unprecedented high rates of natural increase, such as 4% per year in Niger. This chapter begins with an examination of the various sources of demographic data available for sub-Saharan Africa, followed by a brief historical perspective on population. Next, it examines the levels and trends of mortality and fertility of the 48 sovereign countries of the region between 1980–1985 and 2010–2015, using the 2015 UN Population Division estimates. Finally, the chapter analyzes the population prospects for the region in 2050, according to the different assumptions adopted by the UN Population Division, and discusses the challenges associated with the inescapable future growth of the population in the region.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bongaarts, J. (2010). The causes of education differences in fertility in sub-Saharan Africa, Working Paper N°20. New York: The Population Council.
Bongaarts, J. (2016). Africa’s unique fertility transition, Paper presented at the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Workshop on Recent Fertility Trends in sub-Saharan Africa, June 2015. New York: The Population Council.
Bongaarts, J., & Casterline, J. (2012). Fertility transition: Is sub-Saharan Africa different? Population and Development Review, 18(Supplement), 153–168.
Cleland, J., & Shah, I. H. (2013, May 11). The contraceptive revolution: Focused efforts are still needed. The Lancet, 381(9878), 1604–1606.
Guengant, J.-P. (2007). La démographie africaine entre convergences et divergences. In B. Ferry (Ed.), L’Afrique face à ses défis démographiques: Un avenir incertain (pp. 27–121). Paris: Editions Karthala, Collection Homme et Société: Sciences économiques et politiques.
Guengant, J.-P. (2011). Comment bénéficier du dividende démographique ? La démographie au centre des trajectoires de développement, Contributions à l’analyse de la situation des pays suivants: Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinée-Bissau, Guinée, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigeria, Sénégal, Togo (12 profiles). Paris: French Development Agency (AFD).
Guengant, J.-P. (2014). Comment bénéficier du dividende démographique? Replacer la population au centre des trajectoires de développement en Côte d’Ivoire. Paris: French Development Agency (AFD) – UMR 201 – Université Paris 1/IRD.
Guengant, J.-P., & May, J. F. (2014). Accelerating the demographic transition. In T. Ahlers, H. Kato, H. S. Kohli, C. Madavo, & A. Sood (Eds.), Africa 2050: Realizing the continent’s full potential (pp. 83–100). New Delhi: Oxford University Press for Centennial Group International.
May, J. F. (2012). World population policies: Their origin, evolution, and impact. Dordrecht: Springer.
United Nations. (2015). World population prospects: The 2015 revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Guengant, JP. (2017). Africa’s Population: History, Current Status, and Projections. In: Groth, H., May, J. (eds) Africa's Population: In Search of a Demographic Dividend. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46889-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46889-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46887-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46889-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)