Abstract
Fluorochemicals carrying perfluoroalkyl groups (RF) are widely used to modify the surfaces of textiles and carpets, and hence impart resistance to water, oils, soils, and staining. In fact, fluorinated materials have essentially replaced silicones and hydrocarbon-based finishes as textile repellents, and function by imparting a condition of limited wettability to the treated substrate. The efficiency of the surface modification depends on the intrinsic repellency of the active fluorochemical, the extent of coverage of the textile by the fluorochemical, the orientation of the perfluoroalkyl segments, and the amount and location of the fluorochemical on the textile. Typically, 0.05 to 0.50 percent of the fluorochemical by weight of the textile is used to deliver durable repellency. The repellents are applied to textiles and carpets in mills as aqueous dispersions, and in some after-market applications, as solutions in halogenated solvents.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. A. Zisman, Advances in Chemistry, ACS Symposium Series No. 43 (F. M. Fowker and W. A. Zisman, eds.), p. 1, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1963)
E. G. Shofrin and W. A. Zisman, in: ibid., p. 145: A. G. Pitmann, in: Fluoropolymers, High Polymers Vol. XXV (L. A. Wall, ed.), p. 381, Wiley, New York (1972).
R. E. Johnson, Jr. and R. H. Dettre, Polym. Prepr, Am. Chem. Soc, Div. Polym. Chem. 28, 48 (1987).
M. K. Bernett and W. A. Zisman, J. Phys. Chem. 71, 2075 (1967).
C. O. Timmons and W. A. Zisman, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 22, 165 (1966).
I. N. Rozhov, in: Organic Electrochemistry, 2nd edn. (M. M. Baizer and H. Lund, eds.), p. 805, Marcel Dekker, New York (1983)
W. V. Childs, in: Techniques of Electroorganic Synthesis, Part III, p. 341, Wiley, New York (1982)
A. J. Rudge, in: Industrial Electrical Processes (A. T. Kuhn, ed.), p. 71, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1971).
R. E. Parsons, U.S. Patent 3, 234, 294 (to DuPont) [CA 62, 13045 (1965)]
R. E. Parsons, U.S. Patent 3, 132, 185 (to DuPont) [CA 61, 1755 (1964)]
W. A. Blanchard and J. C. Rhode, U.S. Patent 3, 226, 449 (to DuPont) [CA 64, 8031 (1966)].
D. J. Burton, D. M. Wiemers, and J. C. Easden, U.S. Patent 4, 749, 802 (to Univ. of Iowa Research Foundation) [CA 105, 97696 (1986)].
R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc. 2856 (1949).
S. Mizaki, T. Kamibukigoshi, and M. Suefuji, Japanese Patent 58-192837 (to Daikin Kogyo Co.) [CA 100, 102733 (1984)].
N. O. Brace, U.S. Patent 3, 145, 222 (to DuPont) [CA 61, 10589 (1964)]
N. O. Brace, U.S. Patent 3, 016, 406 (to DuPont) [CA 57, 2078 (1962)]
A. N. Alekseenko, V. P. Nazaretyan, A. Ya. Il’Chenko, and L. M. Yagupol’skii, J. Org. Chem. USSR, (Engl. Transl.) 24, 2130 (1988).
N. O. Brace, J. Org. Chem. 27, 4491 (1962); J. Org. Chem. 27, 3033 (1962); J. Org. Chem. 49, 2361 (1964)
G. V. D. Tiers, U.S. Patent 2, 951, 051 (to 3M Co.) [CA 55, 5347 (1961)]
K. Von Werner, J. Fluorine Chem. 28, 229 (1985).
F. Jeanneaux, M. le Blanc, A. Cambon, and J. Guion, J. Fluorine Chem. 4, 261 (1974)
K. Von Werner, German Patent DE 3, 338, 299 (to Hoechst) [CA 103, 214858 (1985)].
V. C. R. McLoughlin and J. Thrower, Tetrahedron 25, 5921 (1969); Y Kobayashi and I. Kumadaki, Tetrahedron Lett. 4095 (1969)
P. L. Coe and N. E. Milner, J. Organomet. Chem. 39, 395 (1972).
Q. Chen and Z. Yong, J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 498 (1956)
Y. Takeyama, Y. Ichinose, K. Oshima, and K. Utimoto, Tetrahedron Lett. 30, 3159 (1989).
M. Hudlicky, Chemistry of Organic Fluorine Compounds, 2nd edn., Ellis Horwood, Chichester (1976)
R. Chambers, Fluorine in Organic Chemistry, Wiley, New York (1973).
J. J. Blancou, P. Moreau, and A. A. Commeyras, J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 885 (1976).
J. F. Harris, U.S. Patent 3, 048, 569 (to DuPont) [CA 57, 16887 (1962)].
S. D. Ittel, A. E. Feiring, C. C. Cumbo, R. J. McKinney, and D. R. Anton, U.S. Patent Appl. CR-8414 (by DuPont).
T. D. Talcott, U.S. Patent 3, 006, 878 (to Dow Chemical Corp.) [CA 56, 10374 (1962)]; German Patent 1, 445, 324 (to Dow Corning Corp.) (1966).
C. G. Krespan, U.S. Patent Appl. CR-8816 (by DuPont).
J. T. Barr and F. E. Lawlor, U.S. Patent 2, 894, 991 (to Atochem North America) [CA 55, 2572 (1961)].
W V. Cohen, U.S. Patent 3, 017, 421 (to DuPont) [CA 56, 15366 (1962)]
A. H. Ahlbrecht, U.S. Patent 3, 171, 861 (to 3M) [CA 64, 11089 (1966)]
L. H. Beck, U.S. Patent 4, 618, 731 (to DuPont) [CA 110, 212120 (1989)].
N. O. Brace, J. Fluorine Chem. 31, 151 (1986) and references cited therein.
K. C. Smeltz, U.S. Patent 3, 504, 016 (to DuPont) [CA 72, 122867 (1970)]
H. Ukihashi, T. Uchino, T. Hayashi, and R. Aihara, Chem. Engineering (Japan) 42, 330 (1978).
A. H. Ahlbrecht and D. R. Husted, U.S. Patent 2, 666, 797 (to 3M Co.) [CA 49, 1772 (1955)]
A. H. Ahlbrecht, D. R Husted, and T. S. Reid, U.S. Patent 2, 642, 416 (to 3M Co.) [CA 48, 5880 (1954)].
S. E. Krahler, U.S. Patent 4, 489, 006 (to DuPont) [CA 102, 221011 (1985)].
T. R. Harding, J. Text. Inst. 42, 691 (1951).
E. Kissa, in: Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Vol. II, Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics Functional Finishes, Part B (M. Lewin and S. B. Sello, eds.), Chapter 2, p. 143, Marcel Dekker, New York (1984).
R. J. Pavlin, Tappi 36, 107A (1953)
R. K. Iler, Ind. Eng. Chem. 46, 766 (1954).
E. B. Higgins, in: Waterproofing and Water Repellency (J. C. Moilliet, ed.), p. 188, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1963)
E. B. Higgins, Text. Inst. Ind. 4, 255 (1966)
W. B. Blumenthal, Ind. Eng. Chem. 42, 640 (1950).
R. J. W. Reynolds, E. E. Walker, and C. S. Woolvin, British Patent 466, 817 [CA 31, 8195 (1937)]
F. V. Davis, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 63, 260 (1947).
A. H. Ahlbrecht and H. A. Brown, U.S. Patent 2, 841, 573 (to 3M Co.) [CA 52, 19945 (1958)]
R. W. Fasik and S. R. Raynolds, U.S. Patent 3, 282, 905 (to DuPont) [CA 66, 85490 (1967)]
E. K. Kleiner and P. L. Pacini, U.S. Patent 3, 497, 575 (to Geigy Chemical Corp.) [CA 72, 80281 (1970)].
R. A. Falk, K. P. Kirkland, A. Karydas, and M. Jacobson, U.S. Patent 4, 898, 981 (to Ciba-Geigy) [CA 112, 217687 (1990)]
R. E. A. Dear and R. A. Falk, U.S. Patent 3, 935, 277 (to Ciba-Geigy) [CA 83, 192559 (1975)].
H. B. Goldstein, Text. Res. J. 31, 377 (1961).
C. G. DeMario, A. J. McQuade, and S. J. Kennedy, Modern Textile Magazine 41, 50 (1960).
V. Kling and H. Mahl, Melliand Textilber 35, 640 (1954)
E. Kissa, Text. Res. J. 43, 86 (1973).
J. Compton and W. J. Hart, Ind. Eng. Chem. 43, 1564 (1951).
C. C. Cook, Rev. Prog. Coloration 12, 73 (1982)
R. C. Blyth and P. A. Ucci, U.S. Patents 4, 592, 940 [CA 108, 152107 (1988)] and 4, 680, 212 [CA 108, 114161 (1988)] (to Monsanto Co.)
I. Greschleri, C. P. Malone, and A. P. Zinnato, U.S. Patent 4, 780, 099 (to DuPont) [CA 108, 7466 (1988)].
P. H. Fitzgerald, N. S. Rao, Y. V. Vinod, and J. R. Alender, U.S. Patent 4, 948, 650 (to DuPont) [CA 114, 104307 (1991)].
T. H. Moss, III, R. R. Sargent, and M. S. Williams, U.S. Patent 4, 940, 757 (to Peach State Labs) [CA 113, 154244 (1990)]
J. C. Chang, M. H. Olson, and I. A. Muggli, U.S. Patent 4, 937, 123 (to 3M Co.) [CA 112, 120560(1990)].
T. F. Cooke, TRI Report No. 31 (August 1989)
P. W. Harris and D. A. Hangey, Textile Chemist and Colorist 21, 25 (1989).
E. Kissa, in: Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Vol. II, Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics, Functional Finishes, Part B (M. Lewin and S. B. Sello, eds.), Chapter 3, p. 211, Marcel Dekker, New York (1984).
S. Smith and P. O. Sherman, Text. Res. J. 39, 441 (1969).
P. O. Sherman and S. Smith, U.S. Patent 3, 574, 791 (to DuPont) [CA 71, 92605 (1969)].
H. G. Bryce, in: Fluorine Chemistry (J. H. Simmons, ed.), Vol. 5, pp. 370–390, Academic Press, New York (1964).
K. Shinoda and K. Mashio, J. Phys. Chem. 64, 54, (1960).
K. Shinoda, M. Hato, and T. Mayashi, J. Phys. Chem. 76, 909 (1972).
H. Kunieda and K. Shinoda, J. Phys. Chem. 80, 2468 (1976).
A. H. Ellison and W. A. Zisman, J. Phys. Chem. 63, 1121 (1959)
N. L. Jarvis and W. A. Zisman, J. Phys. Chem. 64, 150 (1960)
M. K. Bernett, N. L. Harvis, and W. A. Zisman, J. Phys. Chem. 66, 328 (1962)
A. R. Katritzky, G. W. Rewcastle, T. L. Davis, G. O. Rubel, and M. T. Pike, Langmuir 4, 732 (1988)
S. Raynolds and L. B. Fournier, U.S. Patent 4, 432, 882 (to DuPont) [CA 100, 158192 (1984)].
H. C. Fielding, in: Organofluorine Chemicals and Their Industrial Applications (R. E. Banks, ed.), Chapter 11, pp. 218–222, Ellis Horwood, Chichester (1979).
K. Shinoda, T. Nakagawa, B. Tamamushi, and T. Isemura, Colloidal Surfactants, pp. 7–9, Academic Press, New York (1963).
C. A. Sperati, in: High Performance Polymers: Their Origin and Development (R. B. Seymour and G. S. Kirshenbaum, eds.), pp. 267–278, Elsevier Applied Science, London (1986)
S. G. Bankoff, U.S. Patent 2, 559, 752 (to DuPont) [CA 46, 3064 (1952)].
H. Aoyama and Y. Amimoto, Eur. Patent 230, 115 (to Daikin Industries) [CA 110, 40688 (1989)].
O. Sata and K. Sumiya, German Patent DE 3, 614, 439 (to Hitachi Maxell) [CA 107, 3062 (1987)].
Japanese Patent 58–213, 057 (to Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) [CA 100, 176610 (1984)].
J. R. Larry, German Patent DE 2, 062, 051 (to DuPont) [CA 77, 11239 (1972)].
M. Waki and E. Tsuruta, Japanese Patent 62-250, 074 (to Daito Kasei Kogyo Co. and Fuji Kasei K. K.) [CA 108, 192601 (1988)].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rao, N.S., Baker, B.E. (1994). Textile Finishes and Fluorosurfactants. In: Banks, R.E., Smart, B.E., Tatlow, J.C. (eds) Organofluorine Chemistry. Topics in Applied Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1202-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1202-2_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1204-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1202-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive