PSEQUAD

Abstract

Potentiometry and spectrophotometry are the most frequently used experimental methods to study equilibrium systems in solutions; these methods may be used in many different types of experimental arrangements. The equilibrium system can be described through the mass-balance equations as

$$ {C_{1}} = \sum\limits_{{j = 1}}^{n} {{\alpha _{{jk}}}\left[ {{S_{j}}} \right] = \quad \sum\limits_{{j - 1}}^{n} {{\alpha _{{jk}}}{\beta _{j}}\prod\limits_{{i = 1}}^{k} {{{\left[ {{c_{i}}} \right]}^{{\alpha ji}}}} } } $$

((1))

where n is the number of species in the system, including the components; S _j is the jth species present in the system; k is the number of components in the system; [c₁] ... [c _k ] is the equilibrium (free) concentration of the components; ${\beta _j} = \left[ {{S_j}} \right]/\left( {\prod\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {{{\left[ {{c_i}} \right]}^{\alpha ji}}} } \right)$, the formation constant of the species, (the formation constants of the components are unity); α _ji are stoichiometric numbers, giving the number of the ith component in the jth species.