Abstract
Polymers obtained from the statistical polymerization of AxB monomers by means of condensation or addition procedures are referred to as hyperbranched polymers. The paper aims to give a brief historical background and to give a survey of hyperbranched polymers in the literature.
Polymerization of AxB monomers yields highly branched polymers, with a multitude of end groups, which are less prone than linear polymers to form entanglements and undergo crystallization. Hyperbranched polymers are phenomenologically different from linear polymers; for example, the lack of entanglements results in lower viscosity than in linear polymers of the same molecular weight. The thermal properties of hyperbranched polymers have been shown to depend on the nature of the chain ends. The lower the polarity, the lower the glass transition temperature since it is suggested that the glass transition of hyperbranched polymers is due to translational motions.
Hyperbranched polymers are unique in that their properties are easily tailored by changing the nature of the end groups. For some areas, such as coating resins and tougheners in epoxy-resins, hyperbranched polymers are foreseen to play an important role. Various applications have been suggested, even though only a few have been commercialized at this time.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Flory PJ (1952) In: Principles of polymer chemistry, chap 9. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York
Zeng F, Zimmerman SC (1997) Chem Rev 97:1681
Tomalia DA, Naylor AM, Goddard WA III ( 1990) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 102:119
Voit BI (1995) ActaPolym 46:87
Tomalia DA, Baker H, Dewald J, Hall M, Kallos G, Martin JR, Ryder J, Smith P (1985) Polym J 17:117
Newkome GR,Yao Z, Baker GR, Gupta VK (1985) J Org Chem 50:2003
Tomalia DA, Baker H, Dewald J, Hall M, Kallos G, Martin S, Roeck J, Ryder J, Smith P (1986) Macromolecules 19:2466
Tomalia DA, Hedstrand DM, Ferritto MS (1991) Macromolecules 24:1435
de Brabander-van den Berg EMM, Meijer EW (1993) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 32:308
de Brabander-van den Berg EMM, Nijenhuis A, Mure M, Keulen J, Reintjens R, Vandenbooren F, Bosman B, de Raat R, Frijns T, van den Wal S, Castelijns M, Put J, Meijer EW (1994) Macromol Symp 77:51
Hawker CJ, Fréchet JMJ (1990) J Am Chem Soc 112:7638
Hawker CJ, Fréchet JMJ (1990) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1010
Wooley KL, Hawker CJ, Fréchet JMJ (1991) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:1059
Miller TM, Kwock EW, Neenan TX (1992) Macromolecules 25:3143
Hawker CJ, Fréchet JMJ (1992) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:2459
Buyle Padias A, Hall HK, Tomalia DA, McConnell JR (1987) J Org Chem 52:5305
Ihre I, Hult A, Söderlind E (1996) J Am Chem Soc 27:6388
Newkome GR, Moorefield CN, Baker GR, Johnson AL, Behera RK (1991) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 30:1176
Newkome GR, Moorefield CN, Baker GR, Saunders MJ, Grossman SH (1991) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 30:1178
Miller TM, Neenan TX, Zayas R, Bair HE ( 1992) J Am Chem Soc 114:1018
van der Made AW, van Leeuwen PWNM (1992) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1400
Launay N, Caminade A-M, Majoral, J-P (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:3282
Lapierre J-M, Skobridis K, Seebach D (1993) Helvetica Chim Acta 76:2419
Peerlings HWI, Meijer EW (1997) Chem Eur J 3:1563
Gitsov I, Wooley KL, Fréchet JMJ (1992) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 31:1200
Gitsov I, Wooley K L, Hawker CJ, Ivanova PT, Fréchet JMJ (1993) Macromolecules 26:5621
Gitsov I, Fréchet JMJ (1993) Macromolecules 26:6536
Hawker CJ, Fréchet JMJ (1992) J Am Chem Soc 114:8405
Figuly GD (1992) US Pat 5,136,014
Kim YH, Webster OW (1990) J Am Chem Soc 112:4592
Kim YH, Webster OW (1992) Macromolecules 25:5561
Kim YH, Beckerbauer R( 1994) Macromolecules 27:1968
Fréchet JMJ (1994) Science 263:1710
Percec V, Kawasumi M (1992) Macromolecules 25:3843
Percec V, Chu P, Kawasumi M (1994) Macromolecules 27:4441
Malmström E, Johansson M, Hult A (1996) Macromol Chem Phys 197:3199
Van Hest JCM (1996) Ph.D Thesis ISBN 90-386-0277-4
Flory PJ ( 1937) J Am Chem Soc 59:466
Flory PJ (1939) J Am Chem Soc 61:3334
Stockmayer WH (1943) J Chem Phys 11:45
Stockmayer WH (1944) J Chem Phys 12:125
Stockmayer WH (1950) J Chem Phys 18:58
Beginn U, Drohmann C, Möller M (1997) Macromolecules 30:4112
Malmström E, Hult A (1996) Macromolecules 29:1222
Chu F,H awker CJ, Pomery PJ, Hill DJT (1997) J Polym Sci: Part A: Polym Chem 35:1627
Fréchet JMJ, Henmi M, Gitsov I, Aoshima S, Leduc M, Grubbs RB (1995) Science 269:1080
Hawker CJ, Fréchet JMJ, Grubbs RB, Dao J ( 1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:10,763
Gaynor SG,E delman SZ, Matyjaszewski K (1996) Macromolecules 29:1079
Uhrich KE, Boegeman S, Fréchet JMJ, Turner SR (1991) Polym Bull 25:551
Bharathi P, Moore JS (1997) J Am Chem Soc 119:3391
Gauthier M, Möller M, Burchard W (1993) Polym Preprint 34(1):60
Gauthier M, Möller M (1991) Macromolecules 24:4548
Trollsås M, Hedrick JL (1997) Polym Mat Sci Eng 77:208
Brenner AR, Voit BI (1996) Macromol Chem Phys 197:2673
Hawker CJ, Lee R, Fréchet JMJ (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113:4583
Kambouris P, Hawker CJ (1993) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:2717
Hölter D, Burgath A, Frey H ( 1997) Acta Polymer 48:30
Hanselmann R, Hölter D, Frey H (1997) Polym Mat Sci Eng 77:165
Burgath A, Hanselmann R, Hölter D, Frey H (1997) Polym Mat Sci Eng 77:166
Hawker CJ, Chu F (1996) Macromolecules 29:4370
Miravet JF, Fréchet JMJ (1997) Polym Mat Sci Eng 77:141
Johansson M, Malmström E, Hult A (1993) J Pol Sci: Part A:Polym Chem 31:619
Feast WJ, Stainton NMJ (1995) Mater Chem 5:404
Bharathi P, Moore JS (1997) Polym Mat Sci Eng 77:111
Baker SA, Walbridge DJ (1972) US Pat 3,669,939
Hardeman G, Misev TA, Heyenk A (1993) WO 93/18,079
Hult A, Johansson M, Malmström E, Sörensen K (1993) WO 93/17,060
Wooley KL, Hawker CJ, Lee R, Fréchet JMJ (1994) Polymer J 2:187
Wooley KL, Fréchet JMJ, Hawker CJ (1994) Polymer 35:4489
Fréchet JMJ, Hawker CJ (1995) React Funct Polym 26:127
Turner SR,Voit BI, Mourey TH (1993) Macromolecules 26:4617
Turner SR, Walter F, Voit BI, Mourey TH (1994) Macromolecules 27:1611
Kricheldorf HR, Stöber O (1994) Macromol Rapid Commun 15:87
Kricheldorf HR, Stöber O, Lübbers D ( 1995) Macromolecules 28:2118
Kricheldorf HR, Stukenbrook T (1997) Polymer 38:3373
Hawker CJ, Chu F, Pomery PJ, Hill DJT ( 1996) Macromolecules 29:3831
Brenner AR, Voit BI, Massa DJ, Turner SR ( 1996) Macromol Symp 102:47
Malmström E, Johansson M, Hult A (1995) Macromolecules 28:1698
Malmström E, Trollsås M, Hawker, CJ, Johansson M, Hult A (1997) Polym Mat Sci Eng 77:151
Malmström E, Liu F, Boyd RH, Hult A, Gedde UW (1994) Polym Bull 32:679
Malmström E, Liu F, Boyd RH, Hult A, Gedde UW (1997) Polymer 38:4873
Johansson M, Hult A (1995) J Coat Techn 67:39
Voit BI (1994) Presented at the 35th IUPAC Int. Symp. on Macromolecules, Akron, OHIO, USA
Davis N, Rannard S (1997) Polym Mat Sci Eng 77:158
Uhrich KE, Hawker CJ, Fréchet JMJ, Turner SR ( 1991) Polym Mater Sci Eng 64:237
Uhrich KE, Hawker CJ, Fréchet JMJ, Turner SR (1992) Macromolecules 25:4583
Miller TM, Neenan TX, Kwock EW, Stein SM (1993) J Am Chem Soc 115:356
Miller TM, Neenan TX, Kwock EW, Stein SM (1994) Makromol Symp 77:35
Kim YH (1992) Adv Mater 4:764
Aoshima S, Fréchet JMJ, Grubbs RB, Henmi M, Leduc M (1995) Polym Prepr 36(1):531
Lu P, Paulasaari JK, Weber WP (1996) Macromolecules 29:8583
Zhang H, Ruckenstein E (1997) Polym Bull 39:399
Matyjaszewski K, Gaynor SG, Kulfan A, Podwika M (1997) Macromolecules 30:5192
Simon FW, Radke W, Müller AHE (1997) Macromol Rapid Commun 18:865
Kim YH ( 1992) J Am Chem Soc 114:4947
Odian G ( 1981 ) Principles of polymerization, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, p 411
Spindler R, Fréchet JMJ (1993) Macromolecules 26:4809
Kumar A, Ramakrishnan S (1993) J Chem Soc, Chem Commun 1453
Bolton DH, Wooley KL (1997) Macromolecules 30:1890
Kricheldorf HR, Löhden G (1995) Macromol Chem Phys 196:1839
Kricheldorf HR, Löhden G (1995) JM SPure Appl Chem A32(11):1915
Kricheldorf HR, Bolender O, Stukenbrook T (1997) Macromol Chem Phys 198:2651
Mathias LJ, Carothers TW (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113:4043
Suzuki M, Ii A, Saegusa T ( 1992) Macromolecules 25:7071
Jikei M, Hu Z, Kakimoto M, Imai Y (1996) Macromolecules 29:1062
Lach C, Müller P, Frey H, Mülhaupt R (1997) Macromol Rapid Commun 18:253
Maciejewski M, Kedzierski M, Bednarek E (1997) Polym Bull 38:613
Martínez CA, Hay AS (1997) J Pol Sci Part A Polym Chem 35:2015
Muzafarov AM, Golly M, Möller M (1995) 28:8444
Roy R, Park WKC, Wu Q,W ang S-N (1995) Tetrahedron Letters 25:4377
Uhrich K (1997) Trends in Polym Sci 5(12):388
Newkome GR, Moorefield CN, Baker GR, Saunders MJ, Grossman SH (1991) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 30:1178
Hellenius J (1997) MSc Thesis. Dept Polym Techn, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
Voit BI, Turner SR (1994) Angew Makromol Chem 223:13
Wooley KL, Hawker CJ, Pochan JM, Fréchet JMJ (1993) Macromolecules 26:1514
Stutz H (1995) J Pol Sci Part B: Polym Phys 33:333
Hult A, Malmström E, Johansson M (1996) Hyperbranched aliphatic polyesters. In: Salamone JC (ed) The polymeric materials encyclopedia: synthesis, properties and applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
Ihre H, Johansson M, Malmström E, Hult A (1996) Dendrimers and hyperbranched aliphatic polyesters based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (Bis-MPA). In: Newkome GR (ed) Advances in dendritic macromolecules, vol 3. JAI Press, London, p 1
Zhang Y,Wang L,Wada T, Sasabe H (1996) Macromol Chem Phys 197:667
Boogh L, Pettersson B, Japon S, Månson J-A (1995) Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Composite Materials, Whistler, Canada, vol 4, p 389
Boogh L, Pettersson B, Kaiser P, Månson J-A ( 1996). Proceedings of 28th International SAMPE Technical Conference 236, Seattle, USA
Boogh L, Pettersson B, Månson J-A (1997) Proceedings of the EPS’97 Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces in Polymers and Composites, Lausanne, Switzerland
Pettersson B, Sörensen K (1994) Proceedings of the 21st Waterborne, Higher Solids & Powder Coatings Symposium, New Orleans, Louisiana, p 753
Johansson M, Hult A (1996) PRA’s 16th Waterborne, High Solids & Radcure Technologies Conference, Frankfurt, Germany, p 1
Johansson M, Rospo G, Hult A (1997) Polym Mat Sci Eng 77:124
Laibinis PE, Whitesides GM (1992) J Am Chem Soc 114:9022
Zhou Y, Bruening ML, Liu Y, Crooks RM, Bergbreiter DE (1996) Langmuir 12:5519
Zhao M, Zhou Y, Bruening ML, Bergbreiter DE, Crooks RM ( 1997) Langmuir 13:1388
Zhou Y, Bruening ML, Bergbreiter DE, Crooks RM, Wells M (1996) J Am Chem Soc 118:3773
Bruening ML, Zhou Y, Aguilar G, Agee R, Bergbreiter DE, Crooks RM ( 1997) Langmuir 13:770
Shi WF, Rånby B (1996) J Appl Pol Sci 12:1937
Shi WF, Rånby B (1996) J Appl Pol Sci 12:1945
Shi WF, Rånby B (1996) J Appl Pol Sci 12:1951
Roberts J, Bhalgat M, Zera R (1996) J Biomed Mater Res 30:53
Zhang Y, Wang L, Wada T, Sasabe H (1996) J Pol Sci: Part A: Polym Chem 34:1359
Zhang Y, Wada T, Sasabe H (1997) Polymer 12:2893
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hult, A., Johansson, M., Malmström, E. (1999). Hyperbranched Polymers. In: Roovers, J. (eds) Branched Polymers II. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 143. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49780-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49780-3_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-65005-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49780-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive