Skip to main content

Freetown, Frere Town and the Kat River Settlement: Nineteenth-Century Humanitarian Intervention and Precursors to Modern Refugee Camps

  • Chapter
The History and Practice of Humanitarian Intervention and Aid in Africa

Abstract

In 2005, a former rock star announced that ‘Every single day, 50,000 people are dying, needlessly, of extreme poverty More than were dying at the time of Live Aid. Dying of AIDS, dying of hunger, dying of diseases like TB and Diarrhoea. Dying, often for want of medicines which we can buy over the counter in a chemist’, continuing on that this was ‘the starting point for THE LONG WALK TO JUSTICE — we will not tolerate the further pain of the poor while we have the financial and moral means to prevent it’.1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Frederick Cooper, ‘What is the Concept of Globalization Good For? An African Historian’s Perspective’, African Affairs, 100 (2001), 204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Philip Curtin, The Image of Africa: British Ideas in Action, 1780–1850 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  3. For instance, Lisa H. Malkki, ‘Refugees and Exile: From “Refugee Studies” to the National Order of Things’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 24 (1995), 495–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Aristide R. Zolberg, Astri Suhrke and Sergio Aguayo, Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 5–26.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Colonial governance and discipline is discussed, for instance, in Anupama Rao and Steven Pierce, eds, ‘Discipline and the Other Body: Humanitarianism, Violence, and the Colonial Exception’, in Discipline and the Other Body: Correction, Corporeality, Colonialism (Raleigh, NC: Duke University Press, 2006), 1–35; for more on modern understandings of this tendency towards discipline in development, see David G. Williams, ‘Governance and the Discipline of Development’, The European Journal of Development Research, 8.2 (1996): 157–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. G. Hopkins, ‘Economic Imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880–92’, Economic History Review, 21 (1968): 580–606; An Economic History of West Africa (London: Longman, 1973), 124–66; ‘Britain’s First Development Plan for Africa’,

    Google Scholar 

  7. in Robin Law, ed., From Slave Trade To ‘Legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa: Papers from a Conference of the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 247–8; Law, From Slave Trade to ‘Legitimate’ Commerce (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 23–6;

    Google Scholar 

  8. Howard Temperley, White Dreams, Black Africa: The Anti-slavery Expedition to the River Niger1841–1842 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), 141;

    Google Scholar 

  9. Michael J. Turner, ‘The Limits of Abolition: Government, Saints and the “African Question”, C. 1780–1820’, The English Historical Review, 112.446 (1997): 334–5;

    Google Scholar 

  10. Allen M. Howard, ‘Nineteenth-Century Coastal Slave Trading and the British Abolition Campaign in Sierra Leone’, Slavery & Abolition, 27.1 (2006): 25;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Richard West, Back to Africa: A History of Sierra Leone and Liberia (London: Jonathan Cape, 1970), 76–7.

    Google Scholar 

  12. CMS Archives CAI E5, MacCarthy to Pratt, 15 June 1816; Bronwen Everill, Abolition and Empire in Sierra Leone and Liberia (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 21–2;

    Google Scholar 

  13. Lamin O. Sanneh, Abolitionists Abroad: American Blacks and the Making of Modern West Africa (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), 192;

    Google Scholar 

  14. Christopher Fyfe, A History of Sierra Leone (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  15. John Herskovits Kopytoff, A Preface to Modern Nigeria: The ‘Sierra Leonians’ in Yoruba, 1830–1890 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965), 21–2.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Report from the Select Committee on Aborigines: Minutes of Evidence, evidence of Colonel Wade, quoting J. Philip, 318, as cited in Alan Lester, Imperial Networks: Creating Identities in Nineteenth-Century South Africa and Britain (London: Routledge, 2001), 34.

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Rose Innes, Cape Town, 30 May 1851 in Rev. James Read, Junior. The Kat River Settlement in 1851: Described in a Series of Letters Published in ‘The South African Commercial Advertiser’ (Cape Town, 1852), v.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tony Kirk, ‘Progress and Decline in the Kat river Settlement, 1829–1854’, The Journal of African History, 14 (1973): 412;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Robert Ross, ‘Ambiguities of Resistance and Collaboration on the Eastern Cape Frontier: The Kat River Settlement 1829–1856’, in Jon Abbink, Mirjam de Bruijn and Klaas van Walraven, eds, Rethinking Resistance: Revolt and Violence in African History (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2003), 120–1.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sir Bartle Frere. Articles on the East African Slave Trade &c. 1872–83, The Quarterly Review, vol. 133 (London: RHO, July and October 1872), 552.

    Google Scholar 

  21. East African Slave Trade Committee, First Report of the Proceedings of the East African Slave Trade Committee (London, July 1874), 17.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Euan-Smith to Derby, 18 July 1875, India Office Letters from Zanzibar, as cited in Moses D. E. Nwulia, Britain and Slavery in East Africa (Washington, DC: Three Continents Press, 1975), 155.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Elizabeth Elbourne, ‘Early Khoisan Uses of Mission Christianity’, Kronos, 19 (1992): 3–27;

    Google Scholar 

  24. Elizabeth Elbourne and Robert Ross, ‘Combating Spiritual and Social Bondage: Early Missions in the Cape Colony’, in Richard Elphick and Rodney Davenport, eds, Christianity in South Africa: A Political, Social, and Cultural History (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997), 33.

    Google Scholar 

  25. F. W. Cheeson, The Dutch Republics of South Africa; Three letters to R. N. Fowler, Esq., M. P. and Charles Buxton, Esq, M.P. (London: William Tweedie, 1871), 10.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961, 1967); Curtin, Image of Africa;

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chinua Achebe, An Image of Africa (London: Penguin, 1977, 2010).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Stefan Andreasson, ‘Orientalism and African Development Studies: The “Reductive Repetition” Motif in Theories of African Underdevelopment’, Third World Quarterly, 26.6 (2005): 971–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2013 Bronwen Everill

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Everill, B. (2013). Freetown, Frere Town and the Kat River Settlement: Nineteenth-Century Humanitarian Intervention and Precursors to Modern Refugee Camps. In: Everill, B., Kaplan, J. (eds) The History and Practice of Humanitarian Intervention and Aid in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137270023_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics