Abstract
Before moving towards the 5G systems, we have to improve the symbol estimation techniques in the present 4G network to intensify the system performance. There are many symbol estimation techniques for MIMO LTE-A systems; among these techniques and after many researches, it is found that zero-forcing, maximal ratio combining and the minimum mean square error are mostly used. We have focused on the analysis of these techniques. In the MU-MIMO system, we tried to double the data rate and minimize the bit error rate (BER) using MMSE estimation using channel interpolation in the frequency domain. Here, we compared the performance on an AWGN and Rayleigh channel of channel estimation techniques using “ZF”, “ML” and “MMSE” on a 2 × 2 MIMO LTE system with BPSK, QPSK and 16 QAM using the VITERBI hard decision method of analysis. Then we modified the system with a 4 × 4 MU-MIMO LTE system and calculated the BER and analysed. Simulation results showed that among these techniques, “ML” is a salient features in characterizing the performance of the data channel and the LS and MSME behaved very similar to each other on a 2 × 2 MIMO system. Further, simulating the results we have showed that the MMSE MIMO detector slightly outperforms as compared to least square (LS) on SINR.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Eduru S, Rangaswamy N, BER analysis of massive MIMO system under correlated Rayleigh fading channel. In: IEEE-43488, 9th ICCNT 2018 IISC Bangalore, India
Rehman Z, Savitha HM (2014) BER performance comparison of MIMO systems using OSTBC with ZF and ML decoding. ICTACT J Commun Technol 5(4), 1030–1034
Sharma PK, Vijaysai T (2018) Bit error rate analysis of pre-coding techniques in different MIMO systems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on electronics, communication and aerospace technology (ICECA 2018), pp 1144–1147. IEEE Explore ISBN: 978-1-5386-0965-1
Berceanu MG, Voicu C, Halunga S (2019) The performance of an uplink large scale MIMO–SIC detector. In: International conference on military communications and information systems (ICMCIS), pp 1–4
Chaudhary SR, Thombre MP (2014) BER performance analysis of MIMO–OFDM system using different equalization techniques. In: IEEE international conference on advanced communication control and computing technologies (ICACCCT), pp 637–677
Grover H, PathaniaR (2018) Performance analysis of MMSE equalizer and time-frequency block code for MIMO-OFDM under single-RF system. In: Proceeding of 2nd international conference on inventive communication and computational technologies (ICICCCT), pp 1277–1280
Minango J, de Almeida C (2017) Low complexity MMSE detector based on Refinement Gauss-Seidel method for massive MIMO system. 978-1-5386-2098/17 ©2017 IEEE
Feng J, Hu D, Li P, Zhang J (2018) An enhanced MMSE detection with constellation distance correction for the Internet of things with multiple antennas. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Ji Y, Meng F, Jin J, Yu X, Zhang Z, YouX, Zhang C (2020) Quantum version of MMSE –based massive MIMO uplink detection. © Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Vasavada YM, Beex AA, Reed JH (2018) Iterative channel and symbol estimation for OFDM and SIMO diversity. 978-1-5386-3821-7/18, 2018 IEEE
Yunida Y, Nasaruddin N, Muharar R, Away Y (2018) Linear precoder design for non-orthogonal AF MIMO relaying systems based on MMSE criterion. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2018:285
Datta A, Mandloi M, Bhatia V (2019) Mutation based bee colony optimization algorithm for near-ML detection in GSM-MIMO. In: Rawat BS et al (eds) Advances in signal processing and communication, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 526, ©Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2553-3_13125
Said S, Saad W, Shokiar M, El-Araby S (2020) BER performance of signal detection for massive multi-user spatial modulation systems. Int J Wirel Inf Netw © Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Christopher COX (2014) Multiple antenna techniques. An introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-advanced SAE, VOLTE and 4G mobile communications, 2nd ed. Willey, pp 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118818046.ch.5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jyoti, Nandal, V., Nandal, D. (2021). BER Performance Analysis of MMSE with ZF and ML Symbol Detection for Hard Decision MU-MIMO LTE on Rayleigh Fading Channel. In: Khanna, A., Gupta, D., Pólkowski, Z., Bhattacharyya, S., Castillo, O. (eds) Data Analytics and Management. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 54. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8335-3_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8335-3_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-8334-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-8335-3
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)