Abstract
Cell immobilisation in pre-formed carriers involves passive/natural immobilisation usually in situ in the bioreactors or in the culture environment. Numerous inorganic and organic materials have been used as pre-formed carriers: reticulated polyurethane and polyvinyl formal foam, other polymers, plastics, stainless steel, ceramic, glass, synthetic (ion exchange) resins, activated charcoal, aluminium oxide, diatomaceous earth, sand, cellulose, lignocellulose, cellulose acetate, and others. In this chapter however, only polyurethane foam, stainless steel knitted mesh, ceramic, glass and cellulose will be considered.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atkinson, B.; Black, G.; Lewis, P. and Pinches, A. (1979) Biological particles of given size, shape and density for use in biological reactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 21: 193–200.
Cooper, P.F.; Walker, 1.; Crabtree, H.E. and Aldred, R.P. (1986) Evaluation of the CAPTOR@ process for uprating an overloaded sewage works. In: Webb, C.; Black, G.M. and Atkinson, B. (Eds.), Process Engineering Aspects of Immobilised Cell Systems, The Institution of Chemical Engineers, Rugby, UK, ISBN 0 85295 196 5, pp. 205–217.
Gotta, P.S.; Reddy, M.P.; Simms, M.K. and Laken, T.J. (1994) Three years of full-scale Captor@ process operating at Moundsville WWTP, Water Sci. Technol. 29: 175–181.
Dunne, W.M. (2002) Bacterial adhesion: seen any good biofilms lately? Clinical Microbiol. Rev. 15: 155166.
O’Toole, G.; Kaplan, H.B. and Koller, R.. (2000) Biofilm formation as microbial development. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 54: 49–79.
Sauer, K. and Camper, A.K. (2001) Characterization of phenotypic changes in P. putida in response to surface-associated growth. J. Bacteriol. 183: 6579–6589.
Wen, Z.T. and Bume, R.A. (2002) Functional genomics approach to identifying genes required for biofilm development by S. mutans, Appl. Env. Microbiol. 68: 1196–1203.
Ebert, L.; Molin, S. and Givskov, M. (1999) Surface motility of S. liquefaciens MG1. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1703–1712.
Loo, C.Y.; Corliss, D.A. and Ganeshkumar, N. (2000) S. gordonii biofilm formation: identification of genes that code for biofilm phenotypes. J. Bacteriol. 182: 1374–1382.
Shapiro, J.A. and Dworkin, M. (Eds.) (1997) Bacteria as Multicellular Organisms. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, USA.
Williams, P.D. and Mavituna, F. (1992) Immobilised plant cells. In: Plant biotechnology, Comprehensive biotechnology, second supplement, Fowler, M.W. and Warren, G.S. (Eds.), Moo-Young, M. (Ed-inChief), Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 63–78.
Liu, D. and Dixit, V. (Eds.) (1997) Porous materials for tissue engineering. Materials Sci. Forum, Vol. 250, TTP, Switzerland.
Chapekar, M.S. (2000) Tissue engineering: challenges and opportunities. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. ( Appl. Biomater. ) 53: 617–620.
Mavituna, F.; Park, J.M.; Williams, P.D. and Wilkinson, A.K. (1987) Characteristics of immobilised plant cell reactors. In: Plant and Animal Cells: Process Possibilities, Webb, C. and Mavituna, F. (Eds.), Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester, UK. ISBN 0 7458 0145 5, pp. 92–115.
Nemati, M. and Webb, C. (1999) Combined biological and chemical oxidation of ferrous sulfate using immobilised Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 74: 562–570.
Armstrong, J.L.; Mavituna, F. and Stephens, G.M. (1997) Novel immobilisation supports for anaerobic bacteria. The 1997 Jubilee Research Event, Vol. 2, IChemE, Rugby. UK, ISBN 0 85295 389 5, pp. 969972.
Bekers, M.; Ventina, E.; Karsakevich, A.; Vina, I.; Rapoport, A.; Upite, D.; Kaminska, E. and Linde, R. (1999) Attachment of yeast to modified stainless steel wire spheres, growth of cells and ethanol production. Process Biochem. 35: 523–530.
Grampp, G.E.; Applegate, M.A. and Stephanopoulos, G. (1996) Cyclic operation of ceramic-matrix animal cell bioreactors for controlled secretion of an endocrine hormone. A comparison of single-pass and recycle modes of operation. Biotechnol Prog. 12: 837–846.
Simoni, S.F.; Schäfer, A.; Harms, H. and Zehnder, A.J.B. (2001) Factors affecting mass transfer limited biodegradation in saturated porous media. J. Contam. Hydrol. 50: 99–120.
Jerabkova, H.; Kralova, B. and Nahlik, J. (1999) Biofilm of Pseudomonas C12B on glass support as catalytic agent for continuous SDS removal. Intern. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 44: 233–241.
Ileri, R. and Mavituna, F. (1998) A theoretical study of biosorption by immobilized dead biomass in a batch sheet bioreactor. Trans. IChemE 76 (B3): 249–258.
Park, J.M. and Mavituna, F. (1986) Factors affecting the immobilisation of plant cells in biomass support particles. In: Process Engineering Aspects of Immobilised Cell Systems, Webb, C.; Black, G.M. and Atkinson, B. (Eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 295–303.
Williams, P D, Wilkinson, A K, Lewis, J A, Black, G M and Mavituna, F (1988) A method for the rapid production of fine plant cell suspension cultures, Plant Cell Reports, 7, 459–462.
Wirpsza, Z. (1993) Polyurethanes: chemistry, technology and applications. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK.
Bang, S S.; Galinat, J.K. and Ramakrishnan, V. (2001) Calcite precipitation induced by polyurethane-immobilized Bacillus pasteurii. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 28: 404–409.
Kishimoto, M.; Beluso, M.; Omasa, T.; Katakura, Y.; Fukuda, H. and Suga, K. (2002) Construction of a fuzzy control system for a bioreactor using biomass support particles. J. Mol. Catalysis (B: Enzymatic ) 17: 207–213.
Liu, Y.; Kondo, A.; Ohkawa, H.; Shiota, N. and Fukuda, H. (1998) Bioconversion using immobilized recombinant flocculent yeast cells carrying a fused enzyme gene in an ‘intelligent’ bioreactor. Biochem. Eng. J. 2: 229–235.
Furuta, H.; Arai, T.; Hama, H.; Shiomi, N.; Kondo, A. and Fukuda, H. (1997) Production of glucoamylase by passively immobilised cells of a flocculant yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 84: 169–171.
Rostron, W.M.; Stuckey, D.C. and Young, A.A. (2001) Nitrification of high strength ammonia wastewaters: comparative study of immobilisation media. Water Res. 35: 1169–1178.
Manohar, S.; Kim, C.K. and Karegoudar, T.B. (2001) Enchanted degradation of naphthalene by immobilisation of Pseudomonas sp. strain NGK1 in polyurethane foam. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 55: 311–316.
Vassilev, N.; Vassileva, M.; Fenice, M. and Federici, F. (2001) Immobilised cell technology applied in solubilisation of insoluble inorganic (rock) phosphates and P plant acquisition. Bioresource Technol. 79: 263–271.
Bertin, L.; Majone, M.; Gioia, D.D. and Fava, F. (2001) An aerobic fixed-phase biofilm reactor system for the degradation of the low-molecular weight aromatic compounds occurring in the effluents of anaerobic digestors treating olive mill wastewaters. J. Biotechnol. 87: 161–177.
Ban, K.; Kaieda, M.; Matsumoto, T.; Kondo, A. and Fukuda, H. (2001) Whole cell biocatalyst for biodiesel fuel production utilising Rhizopus oryzae cells immobilised within biomass support particles. Biochem. Eng. J. 8: 39–43.
Tang, C.W.; Zalat, E. and Mavituna, F. (2001) Initiation, growth and immobilisation of cell cultures of Taxus spp. for paclitaxel production. In: Focus in Biotechnology: Engineering and Manufacturing for Biotechnology, Hofman, M. and Thonart, P. (Eds.), Volume IV, Anne, J. and Hofman M, (Ser. Eds.), Kluwer Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 429–448.
Tang, C.W. and Mavituna, F. (2001) Cell immobilisation of Taxus media. In: Novel Frontiers in the Production of Compounds for Biomedical Use, Van Broekhoven, A.; Shapiro, F. and Anne, J. (Vol. Eds.) Volume 1, Part 6: Antitumor Compounds, Anne, J. and Hofinan M. (Ser. Eds.), Kluwer Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 401–407.
Yamaji, H.; Tagai, S.I.; Sakai, K.; Izumoto, E. and Fukuda, H. (2000) Production of recombinant protein by Baculovirus-infected insect cells in immobilised culture using porous biomass support particles. J. Bioscience Bioeng. 89: 12–17.
Jianlong, W. (2000) Production of citric acid by immobilized Aspergillus niger using a rotating biological contactor ( RBC ). Bioresource Technol. 75: 245–247.
Kapoor, M.; Beg, Q.K.; Bhushan, B.; Dadhich, K. S. and. Hoondal, G. S (2000) Production and partial purification and characterization of a thermo-alkali stable polygalacturonase from Bacillus sp. MG-cp-2. Process Biochem. 36: 467–473.
Elibol, M. and Özer, D. (2000) Lipase production by immobilised Rhizopus arrhizus. Process Biochem. 36: 219–223.
Kurosawa, H.; Yasumoto, K.; Kimura, T. and Amano, Y. (2000) Polyurethane membrane as an efficient immobilisation carrier for high-density culture of rat hepatocytes in the fixed-bed reactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 70: 160–166.
Beg, Q.K.; Bhushan, B.; Kapoor, M. and Hoondal, G.S. (2000) Enhanced production of a thermostable xylanase from Streptomyces sp. QG-11–3 and its application in biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 27: 459–466.
Liu, C.; Moon, K.; Honda, H. and Kobayashi, T. (2000) Immobilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus in polyurethane foam using a turbine blade reactor. Biochem. Eng. J. 4: 169–175.
Moon, K.H.; Honda, H. and Kobayashi, T. (1999) Development of a bioreactor suitable for embryogenic rice callus culture. J. Bioscience Bioeng. 87: 661–665.
Yamaguchi, T.; lshida, M. and Suzuki, T. (1999) An immobilized cell system in polyurethane foam for the lipophilic micro-alga Prototheca zopfii. Process Biochem. 34: 167–172.
Ileri, R. and Mavituna, F. (1998) A theoretical study of biosorption by immobilized dead biomass in a batch sheet bioreactor. Trans. IChemE, 76 (B3), 249–258.
Ileri, R.; Mavituna, F.; Parkinson, M. and Turker, M. (1990) The use of biosorption for the uptake of low level contaminants by immobilised cells. Proc. 5th European Congress on Biotechnology, Christiansen, C.; Munck, L. and Villadsen, J. (Eds.), Munksgaard International Publisher, Copenhagen, Vol. IT pp. 663–666.
Canovas, M.; Garcia-Cases, L. and Iborra, J.L. (1998) Limonin consumption at acidic pH values and absence of aeration by Rhodococcus fascians cells in batch and immobilized continuous systems. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 22: 111–116.
Fenice, M.; Di Giambattista, R.; Raetz, E.; Leuba, J.L. and Federici, F. (1998) Repeated-batch and continuous production of chitinolytic enzymes by Penicillium janrhinellum immobilised on chemically-modified macroporous cellulose. J. Biotechnol. 62: 119–131.
Tamer, I.M. and Mavituna, F. (1997) Protease from freely suspended and immobilised Mirabilis jalapa. Process Biochem. 32: 195–200.
Obôn, J.S.; Maiquez, J.R.; Canovas, M.; Kleber, H.P. and Iborra, J.L. (1997) L(-)-Carnitine production with immobilized Escherichia coil cells in continuous reactors. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 21: 531–536.
Gerin, P.A.; Asther, M. and Rouxhet, P.G. (1997) Peroxidase production by the filamentous fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium in relation to immobilization in “filtering” carriers. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 20: 294–300.
Vassilev, N.; Vassileva, M. and Azcon, R. (1997) Solubilization of rock phosphate by immobilized Aspergillus niger. Bioresource Technol. 59 (1), 1–4.
Nemati, M. and Webb, C. (1996) Effect of ferrous iron concentration on the catalytic activity of immobilised cells of Thiobacillus ferooxidans. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46: 250–255.
Jensen, A.B. and Webb, C. (1994) A trickle bed reactor for ferrous sulphate oxidation using Thiobacillus ferroxidans. Biotechnol. Techn. 8: 87–92.
Zaiat, M.; Cabral, A.K.A. and Foresti, E. (1996) Cell wash-out and external mass transfer resistance in horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized sludge reactor. Water Res. 30: 2435–2439.
Travieso, L.; Benitez, F.; Weiland, P.; Sanchez, E.; Dupeyrón, A. and Dominguez, A.R. (1996) Experiments on immobilization of microalgae for nutrient removal in wastewater treatments. Bioresource Technol. 55: 181–186.
Fava, F.; Baldoni, F.; Marchetti, L. and Quattroni, G. (1996) A bioreactor system for the mineralization of low-chlorinated biphenyls. Process Biochem. 31: 659–667.
Zong, D.H. and Ying, J.Y. (1995) Fuzzy growth kinetics of immobilized C. roseus cells in polyurethane foams. Chem. Eng. Sci. 50: 3297–3301.
Urrutia, I.; Serra, J.L. and Llama, M.J. (1995) Nitrate removal from water by Scenedesmus obliques immobilized in polymeric foams. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 17: 200–205.
Roig, M.G.; Manzano, T.; Diaz, M.; Pascual, M.J.; Paterson, M. and Kennedy, J.F. (1995) Enzymicallyenhanced extraction of uranium from biologically leached solutions. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 35: 93127.
Ozergin-Ulgen, K. and Mavituna, F. (1994) Production of actinorhodin by immobilised and freely suspended Streptomyces coelicolor. Progr. Biotechnol. 9: 497–500.
Ozergin-Ulgen, K. and Mavituna, F. (1994) Comparison of the activity of immobilised and freely suspended Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 41: 197–202.
Yamaji, H. and Fukuda, H. (1994) Growth kinetics of animal cells immobilised within porous support paticles in a perfusion culture. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 42: 531–535.
Yamaji, H. and Fukuda, H. (1992) Growth and death behaviour of anchorage-independent animal cells immobilised within porous support matrices. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37: 244–251.
Yamaji, H.; Fukuda, H.; Nojima, Y. and Webb, C. (1989) immobilisation of anchorage-independent animal cells using reticulated polyvinyl formal resin biomass support particles. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30: 609–613.
Bon, E. and Webb, C. (1989) Passive immobilisation of Aspergillus awamori spores for subsequent glucoamylase production. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 11: 495–499.
Wilkinson, A.K.; Park, J.M.; Williams, P.D. and Mavituna, F. (1990) Immobilisation of plant cells and bioreactor design. Proc. APBioChE ‘80, Korea, pp. 173–176.
Mavituna, F. and Park, M. (1985) Growth of immobilised plant cells in reticulate polyurethane foam matrices. Biotechol. Lett. 7: 637–640.
Mavituna, F.; Williams, P D; Wilkinson, A.K. and Park, J.M. (1987) Bioreactor performance for the production of secondary metabolites by immobilised plant cells. Proc. of the 4th European Congress on Biotechnology, Amsterdam, June 14–20, 2, pp. 385–387.
Turker, M. and Mavituna, F. (1987) Production of cellulase by freely suspended and immobilised cells of Trichoderma reesei. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 9: 739–743.
Bekers, M.; Laukevics, J.; Karsakevich, A.; Ventina, E.; Kaminska, E.; Upite, D.; Vina, 1.; Linde, R. and Scherbaka, R. (2001) Levan-ethanol biosynthesis using Zymomonas mobilis cells immobilized by attachment and entrapment. Process Biochem. 36: 979–986.
Bekers, M.; Ventina, E.; Laukevics, J.; Kaminska, E.; Upite, D. and Vigants, A. (1997) Levan production by Zymomonas mobilis cells attached to plaited spheres. Acta biotechnol, 17: 265–275.
Gomez, J.M.; Cantero, D. and Webb C. (2000) Immobilisation of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells on nickel alloy fibre for ferrous sulfate oxidation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54: 335–340.
Cross, P.A. and Mavituna, F. (1987) Yeast retention fermenters for beer production Proc. of the 4th European Congress on Biotechnology, Amsterdam, June 14–20 Vol. 1, pp. 199–200.
Yongming, Z.; Liping, H.; Jianlong, W.; Juntang, Y.; Hanchang, S. and Yi, Q. (2002) An internal airlift loop bioreactor with Burkholderia pickttii immobilized onto ceramic honeycomb support for degradation of quinoline. Biochem. Eng. J. 11: 149–157.
Prieto, M.B.; Hidalgo, A.; Serra, J.L. and Llama, M.J. (2002) Degradation of phenol by Rhodococcus erythropolis UPV-1 immobilized on Biolite0 in a packed-bed reactor. J. Biotechnol. 97: 1–11.
Resende, M.M.; Ratusznei, S.M.; Suazo, C.A.T. and Giordano, R.C. (2002) Simulating a ceramic membrane bioreactor for the production of penicillin: an example of the importance of consistent initialization for solving DAE systems. Process Biochem. 37: 1297–1305.
Martin, M.; Mengs, G.; Plaza, E.; Garbi, C.; Sanchez, M.; Gibello, A.; Gutierrez, F. and Ferrer, E. (2000) Propachlor removal by Pseudomonas strain GCHI in an immobilised-cell system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 1190–1194.
Christov, P.; Spassov, G. and Pramatarova, V. (1999) Effect of matrix on (S)-p-chlorodiphenylmethanol production by immobilized Debaryomyces mamma. Process Biochem. 34: 231–237.
Ohashi, R.; Kamoshita, Y.; Kishimoto, M. and Suzuki, T. (1998) Continuous production and separation of ethanol without effluence of wastewater using a distiller integrated scm-reactor system. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 86: 220–225.
Martin-Montalvo, D.; Mengs, G.; Ferrer, E.; Allende, J.L.; Alonso, R. and Martin, M. (1997) Simazine degradation by immobilized and suspended soil bacterium. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegredat. 40: 93–99.
Salter, G.J.; Kell, D.B.; Ash, L.A.; Adams, J.M.; Brown, A.J. and James, R. (1990) Hydrodynamic deposotion: a novel method of cell immobilisation. Enzyme Microbial. Technol. 12: 419–430.
Bodeker, B.G.; Hubner, G.E.; Hewlett, G. and Schlumberger, H.D. (1987) Production of human monoclonal antibodies from immobilised cells in the Opticell culture system. Dev. Biol. Stand. 66: 473479.
Barbucci, R.; Magnani, A.; Lamponi, S.; Pasqui, D. and Bryan, S. (2003) The use of hyaluronan and its sulphated derivative patterned with micrometric scale on glass substrate in melanocyte cell behaviour. Biomaterials 24: 915–926.
Barbucci, R.; Lamponi, S.; Magnani, A. and Pasqui, D. (2002) Micropatterned surfaces for the control of endothelial cell behaviour. Biomol. Eng. 19: 161–170.
Kuncova, G.; Triska, J.; Vrchotova, N. and Podrazky, O. (2002) The influence of immobilization of Pseudomonas sp. 2 on optical detection of polychlorinated biphenyls. Mat. Sci. Eng. (C) 21: 195–201.
Cornish, T.; Branch, D.W.; Wheeler, B.C. and Campanelli, J.T. (2002) Microcontact printing: a versatile technique for the study of synaptogenic molecules. Molec. Cell. Neurosci. 20: 140–153.
Kam, L.; Shain, W.; Turner, J.N. and Bizios, R. (2002) Selective adhesion of astrocytes to surfaces modified with immobilized peptides. Biomaterials 23: 511–515.
Premkumar, J.R.; Lev, O.; Marks, R.S.; Polyak, B.; Rosen, R. and Belkin, S. (2001) Antibody-based immobilization of bioluminescent bacterial sensor cells. Talanta 55: 1029–1038.
Bonin, P.; Rontani, J.F. and Bordenave, L. (2001) Metabolic differences between attached and free-living marine bacteria: inadequacy of liquid cultures for describing in situ bacterial activity. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 194: 111–119.
Pogliani, C. and Donati, E. (2000) Immobilisation of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: importance of jarosite precipitation. Process Biochem. 35: 997–1004.
Noll, T. and Biselli, M. (1998) Dielectric spectroscopy in the cultivation of suspended and immobilised hybridoma cells. J. Biotechnol. 63: 187–198.
Yokoi, H.; Tokushige, T.; Hirose, J.; Hayashi, S. and Takasaki, Y. (1997) Hydrogen production by immobilised cells of aciduric Enterobacter aerogenes strain HO-39. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 83: 481–484.
Edgehill, R.E. (1996) Degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Arthrobacter strain ATCC 33790 in biofilm culture. Water Res. 30: 357–363.
Truck, H.U.; Chmiel, H.; Hammes, W.P. and Trosch, W. (1990) A study of N- and P-dependence of nikkomycin production in continuous culture with immobilised cells. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33: 139–144.
Porto, A.L.M.; Cassiola, F.; Dias, S.L.P.; Joekes, I.; Gushikem, Y.; Rodrigues, J.A.R.; Moran, P.J.S.; Manfio, G.P. and Marsaioli, A.J. (2002) Aspergillus terreus CCT 3320 immobilized on chrysotile or cellulose/TiO2 for sulfide oxidation. J. Mol. Catalysis (B: Enzymatic ) 19–20: 327–334.
Dahiya, J.; Singh, D. and Nigam, P. (2001) Decolourisation of molasses wastewater by cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens immobilised on porous cellulose carrier. Bioresource Technol. 78: 111–114.
Kumar, N. and Das, D. (2001) Continuous hydrogen production by immobilised Enterobacter cloacae IIT-BT 08 using lignocellulosic materials as solid matrices. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 29: 280–287.
Fujii, N.; Oki, T.; Sakurai, A.; Suye, S. and Sakakibara, M. (2001) Ethanol production from starch by immobilised Aspergillus awamori and Saccharomyces partorianus using cellulose carriers. J. Indust. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27: 52–57.
Smogrovicova, D. and Domeny, Z. (1999) Beer volatile by-product formation at different fermentation temperature using immobilised yeasts. Process Biochem. 34: 785–794.
van terse’, M.F.M.; van Dieren, B.; Rombouts, F.M. and Abee, T. (1999) Flavour formation and cell physiology during the production of alcohol-free beer with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 24: 407–411.
Fenice, M.; Di Giambattista, R.; Raetz, E.; Leuba, J.L. and Federici, F. (1998) Repeated-batch and continuous production of chitinolytic enzymes by Penicillium janthinellum immobilised on chemically-modified macroporous cellulose. J. Biotechnol. 62: 119–131.
Liu, Y.K.; Seki, M.; Tanaka, H. and Furusaki, S. (1998) Characteristics of Loofa (Luffy cylindrica) sponge as a carrier for plant cell immobilisation. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 85: 416–421.
Chen, J.P. and Wang, J.B. (1997) Wax ester synthesis by lipase-catalyzed esterification with fungal cells immobilized on cellulose biomass support particles. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 20: 615–622.
Matsumura, M.; Yamamoto, T. Wang, P.C.; Shinabe, K. and Yasuda, K. (1997) Rapid nitrification with immobilized cell using macro-porous cellulose carrier. Water Res. 31: 1027–1034.
Catalan-Sakairi, M.A.; Wang, P.C. and Matsumura, M. (1997) High-rate seawater denitrification utilizing a macro-porous cellulose carrier. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 83: 102–108.
Matsumura, M.; Tsubota, H.; Ito, O.; Wang, P.C. and Yasuda, K. (1997) Development of bioreactors for denitrification with immobilized cells. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 84: 144–150.
Ogbonna, J.C.; Tomiyama, S. and Tanaka, H. (1996) Development of a method for immobilisation of non-flocculating cells in loofa (Luffy cylindrica) sponge. Process Biochem. 31: 737–744.
Kumakura, M.; Yoshida, M. and Asano, M. (1992) Preparation of immobilized yeast cells with porous substrates. Process Biochem. 27: 225–229.
Bang, S.S.; Galinat, J.K. and Ramakrishnan, V. (2001) Calcite precipitation induced by polyurethane-immobilised Bacillus pasteurii. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 28: 404–409
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mavituna, F. (2004). Pre-Formed Carriers for Cell Immobilisation. In: Nedović, V., Willaert, R. (eds) Fundamentals of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology. Focus on Biotechnology, vol 8A. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1638-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1638-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6534-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1638-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive