Abstract
Some pesticidal and other beneficial organisms have been very effective in the laboratory only to fail at some stage in the field, even after development of a product for marketing. Common causes of this demise are poor stability of the product during storage prior to application, too little active material actually reaching the field target, and rapid degradation of the active material on the target. Formulation plays a vital role in helping to solve these problems and in making an organism effective in practice. However, this must be achieved in a cost-effective manner if the final product is to survive commercially.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angus, T. A. and Luthy, P. (1971) Formulation of microbial insecticides, in Microbial Control of Insects and Mites (eds H. D. Burges and N. W. Hussey), Academic Press, London, pp. 623–38.
Bull, D. L. (1978) Formulation of microbial insecticides: microencapsulation and adjuvants. Misc. Publ. Ent. Soc. Am. 10, 11–20.
Connick, W. J. Jr, Lewis, J. A. and Quimby, P. C. Jr. (1990) Formulation of biocontrol agents for use in plant pathology, in New Directions in Biological Control (eds R. R. Baker and P. E. Dunn), Alan Liss, New York, pp. 345–72.
Couch, T. L. and Ignoffo, C. M. (1981) Formulation of insect pathogens, in Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases (ed. H. D. Burges), Academic Press, London, pp. 621–35.
Devisetty, B. N. (1988) Microbial formulations - opportunities and challenges, in Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems, Vol 8 (eds D. A. Hovde and G. E. Beestman), American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM STP 980), Philadelphia, pp. 46–64.
Diagle, D. J. and Connick, W. J. Jr. (1990) Formulation and application technology for microbial weed control, in Microbes and Microbial Products as Herbicides (ed. R. E. Hoagland), ACS Symposium Series No. 439, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp. 288–304.
Ignoffo, C. M. and Falcon, L. A. (eds) (1978) Formulation and application of microbial insecticides. Misc. Publ., Ent. Soc. America 10, 1–80.
McIntyre, J. L. and Press, L. S. (1991) Formulation, delivery systems and marketing of biocontrol agents and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), in The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth (eds D. L. Keister and P. B. Gregan), Kluwer, The Netherlands, pp. 289–95.
Most, B. H. and Quinlan, R. J. (1986) Formulation of biological pesticides, in Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Invertebrate Pathology (eds R. A. Samson, J. M. Vlak and D. Peters), in Proceedings of the IV International Colloquium on Invertebrate Pathology, Wageningen, Society for Invertebrate Pathology, pp. 624–7.
Payne, C. C. (1986) Insect pathogenic viruses and pest control agents, in Biological Plant and Health Protection - Biological Control of Plant Pests and of Vectors of Human and Animal Disease,Progress in Zoology Vol. 32 (ed. J. M. Franz), Gustav Fisher, Stuttgart, pp. 183–200.
Rhodes, D. J. (1993) Formulation of biological control agents, in Exploitation of Microorganisms (ed. D. G. Jones), Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 411–39.
Soper, R. S. and Ward, M. G. (1981) Production, formulation and application of fungi for insect control, in Biological Control in Crop Protection, BARC Symposium No. 5 (ed. G. C. Papavizas), Allanheld, Ottawa, pp. 161–80.
Young, S. Y. and Yearian, W. C. (1986) Formulation and application of baculoviruses, in The Biology of Baculoviruses,Vol. 2 (eds R. R. Granados and B. A. Federici), CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 151–79.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burges, H.D., Jones, K.A. (1998). Introduction. In: Burges, H.D. (eds) Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4926-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4926-6_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6066-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4926-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive