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The dilemma of two cyclooxygenases: identifying the roles of COX-1 and COX-2 in inflammation and apoptosis

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Improved Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: COX-2 Enzyme Inhibitors

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Abstract

The finding in 1991 of a second form of cyclooxygenase (COX) has opened a new era of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) research1–3. The tremendous interest shown in comparing COX-1 and COX-2 expression has led to the generalization that COX-1, which is found in most tissues of mammals, is involved in physiological regulation of homeostasis. COX-2, on the other hand, is involved in the inflammatory response and certain physiological phenomena, such as ovulation, that respond to transitory hormonal signals4,5. The hallmark, therefore, of mammalian COX-1, is its widespread expression in cells and tissues. Typically, COX-1 is constitutively expressed, although increasing examples of its induction have been reported. In most cases, COX-1 is induced by agents that cause the cells in question to differentiate, reinforcing the notion that the role of COX-1 is in the maintenance of differentiated homeostasis6,7. In these cases, COX-1 induction is long-term or permanent.

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Authors
  1. D. L. Simmons
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  2. X. Lu
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  3. W. S. Bradshaw
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  4. W. Xie
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The William Harvey Research Institute, Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical College, London, UK

    John Vane , Jack Botting  & Regina Botting ,  & 

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© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers and William Harvey Press

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Simmons, D.L., Lu, X., Bradshaw, W.S., Xie, W. (1996). The dilemma of two cyclooxygenases: identifying the roles of COX-1 and COX-2 in inflammation and apoptosis. In: Vane, J., Botting, J., Botting, R. (eds) Improved Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: COX-2 Enzyme Inhibitors. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9029-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9029-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-9031-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-9029-2

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