Abstract
Carotid body arterial chemoreceptors are essential for a normal hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH). However, recent results show that O2-sensing in the brain is involved in these responses also. O2-sensing in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, the posterior hypothalamus, the pre-Bötzinger complex and the nucleus tractus solitarius contribute to the acute HVR. Chronic hypoxia causes plasticity in the brain that contributes to VAH and represents another time domain of central O2-sensing. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of acute O2-sensing in the brain remain to be determined but they appear to involve O2-sensitive ion channels and heme oxygenase-2, which acts by a different mechanism than has been described for the carotid body. It is not known if plasticity in such mechanisms of acute central O2-sensitivity contributes to VAH. However, O2-sensitive changes in gene expression in the brain do contribute to VAH and demonstrate another mechanism of O2-sensing that is important for ventilatory control. This time domain of O2-sensing in the brain involves gene expression under the control of hypoxia inducible factor-1± (HIF-1± and potentially several HIF-1± targets, such as erythropoietin, endothelin-1, heme oxygenase and tyrosine hydroxylase.
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Powell, F.L., Kim, B.C., Johnson, S.R., Fu, Z. (2009). Oxygen Sensing in the Brain – Invited Article. In: Gonzalez, C., Nurse, C.A., Peers, C. (eds) Arterial Chemoreceptors. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 648. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2259-2_42
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2259-2_42
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