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Nierenarterienaneurysmen

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Operative und interventionelle Gefäßmedizin

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Zusammenfassung

Echte Nierenarterienaneurysmen (NAA) werden gemeinhin definiert als eine Ausweitung aller 3 Schichten der arteriellen Gefäßwand in einem Durchmesser von > 1 cm (Orion und Abularrage 2013). Ungefähr 75 % aller NAA haben eine sakkuläre Form, fusiforme NAA machen 25 % aus. Die wahre Inzidenz von NAA ist unbekannt, eine häufig zitierte ältere angiographische Untersuchung nennt eine Prävalenz von 0,09 % in der Allgemeinbevölkerung (Stanley et al. 1975). Andere vermuten, dass NAA aufgrund der modernen Bildgebung häufiger zu finden seien, in bis zu 0,3–1 % der Untersuchungen (Orion und Abularrage 2013); Henriksson et al. (1984) sahen bei ca. 9.500 Angiographien 56 NAA (0,6 %). Die große Mehrzahl der Aneurysmen ist weit distal nahe der ersten oder zweiten Bifurkation der Nierenarterie positioniert. In Autopsiestudien werden NAA übersehen, falls die distalen Nierenarterien nicht genau untersucht werden. Ätiologisch werden für die Ausbildung von NAA präexistierende Defekte in der Lamina elastica interna der Gefäßwand und Defizite an glatten Muskelzellen in den Aufzweigungen der Arterie verantwortlich gemacht, arteriosklerotische Veränderungen sollen hingegen ein Sekundärphänomen sein. Eine mediale arterielle Fibrodysplasie spielt ätiologisch die wichtigste Rolle und erklärt, warum NAA bei Frauen häufiger als bei Männern beobachtet werden (Henke et al. 2001). NAA sollen in ca. 10 % der Fälle bilateral auftreten (Orion und Abularrage 2013). In der großen Serie von Henke et al. (2001) hatten 115 von 168 Patienten ein solitäres NAA, 53 Patienten (31,5 %) multiple NAA. Beidseitige NAA wurden in 19 % der Fälle gesehen.

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Correspondence to Reinhart T. Grundmann or Eike Sebastian Debus .

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Grundmann, R.T., Debus, E.S. (2020). Nierenarterienaneurysmen. In: Debus, E., Gross-Fengels, W. (eds) Operative und interventionelle Gefäßmedizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53380-2_82

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53380-2_82

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