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Myelodysplastische Syndrome

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Geriatrische Onkologie

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

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Zusammenfassung

Die Myelodysplastischen Syndrome (MDS) sind eine heterogene Gruppe erworbener klonaler Erkrankungen des Knochenmarks. Sie sind mit einem medianen Manifestationsalter zwischen 70 und 80 Jahren vorwiegend eine Erkrankung des älteren Menschen. Ein MDS tritt zumeist primär ohne erkennbaren Grund oder in Folge einer Exposition gegenüber Chemotherapeutika, Strahlen oder anderen Noxen (z. B. Benzol) auf. Klinisch manifestiert sich das MDS durch ein fortschreitendes Knochenmarkversagen bei ineffektiver Hämatopoese mit peripherer Zytopenie und einem Risiko für eine Transformation in eine akute myeloische Leukämie (AML). Die Prognose und das Risiko für eine Transformation in eine AML werden vor allem durch den Blastenanteil und molekulargenetische bzw. zytogenetische Aberrationen bestimmt. Die therapeutischen Strategien umfassen reine Supportivmaßnahmen, Therapien mit immunmodulatorischen Substanzen, demethylierende Substanzen sowie die allogene Stammzelltransplantation als einzige kurative Therapie.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. III. Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland

    Franziska La Meir, Tobias Boch, Daniel Nowak, Georgia Metzgeroth & Wolf-Karsten Hofmann

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  1. Franziska La Meir
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  2. Tobias Boch
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  3. Daniel Nowak
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  4. Georgia Metzgeroth
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  5. Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
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Correspondence to Franziska La Meir .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. II. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

    Matthias Ebert

  2. II. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

    Nicolai Härtel

  3. Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany

    Ulrich Wedding

Section Editor information

  1. Abteilung für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Deutschland

    Ulrich Wedding

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La Meir, F., Boch, T., Nowak, D., Metzgeroth, G., Hofmann, WK. (2018). Myelodysplastische Syndrome. In: Ebert, M., Härtel, N., Wedding, U. (eds) Geriatrische Onkologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48727-3_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48727-3_14

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